宁夏固原市空间扩展的经济绩效演变
|
摘要
城市空间扩展的经济绩效是评估城市扩展状态的重要依据之一。针对当前城市空间发展中重扩展轻绩效的问题,提出了基于经济绩效评价城市空间扩展状态的思路方法。以宁夏固原市为对象,以其典型历史时期的高分辨率遥感影像和统计数据为基础数据源,在空间分析技术的支持下,通过层级解构的方法定量化、可视化地分析了研究区空间经济绩效对城市空间扩展的响应过程。研究结果表明,城市空间经济绩效能够敏感地响应城市空间扩展,并印证了绩效时空效应的存在。具体表现为:新扩展区域的空间经济绩效需要一定时间的培育才能得到发挥,在此之前该区域的绩效水平有可能持续走低,而原城区的历史累积对城市经济绩效的稳定性起到关键作用,当原城区的历史累积不足以支撑城市空间快速扩展时,城市扩展模式应得到及时调整。即使城市空间经济绩效的整体水平表现出优化的结果,在新扩展区域绩效水平持续降低的现状下,城市管理主体仍需对是否保持城市空间的快速扩展持谨慎态度,并予以持续的关注和监测以防止空间经济绩效的恶性扭转。最后,建议城市发展中建立起空间经济绩效的评估和监测机制,引导城市空间经济绩效向持续健康的方向发展。
The economic performance of urban space expansion is one of the important bases for evaluating the state of urban expansion.This paper takes Guyuan as the case to reveal the expansion of urban space and its economic performance quantitatively and visually through the historical data of high-resolution remote sensing images and with the support of spatial analysis techniques.The result shows that urban spatial economic performance can sensitively interact with the urban space expansion,and moreover this also confirms the existence of the effect on time and space in performance.Firstly,the spatial economic performance of the newly expanded area needs to be cultivated for a certain period of time,and it is likely to be declined before it can be brought into play.Meanwhile,the original urban area plays a key role to the stability of urban economic performance by the historical accumulation.Secondly,when it is not enough to support the rapid spatial expansion,the expansion pattern should be adjusted timely.Thirdly,when the performance decreasing continuously in the expanded areas and increasing in the original,it is advised that the urban management take caution to monitor the indexes constantly and take actions to keep or prevent the rapid expansion of urban space in case the vicious reversal of economic performance in space.Finally,it is suggested that an evaluation and monitoring mechanism of spatial economic performance should be established in urban development to guide the sustainable development of urban spatial economic performance.
The economic performance of urban space expansion is one of the important bases for evaluating the state of urban expansion.This paper takes Guyuan as the case to reveal the expansion of urban space and its economic performance quantitatively and visually through the historical data of high-resolution remote sensing images and with the support of spatial analysis techniques.The result shows that urban spatial economic performance can sensitively interact with the urban space expansion,and moreover this also confirms the existence of the effect on time and space in performance.Firstly,the spatial economic performance of the newly expanded area needs to be cultivated for a certain period of time,and it is likely to be declined before it can be brought into play.Meanwhile,the original urban area plays a key role to the stability of urban economic performance by the historical accumulation.Secondly,when it is not enough to support the rapid spatial expansion,the expansion pattern should be adjusted timely.Thirdly,when the performance decreasing continuously in the expanded areas and increasing in the original,it is advised that the urban management take caution to monitor the indexes constantly and take actions to keep or prevent the rapid expansion of urban space in case the vicious reversal of economic performance in space.Finally,it is suggested that an evaluation and monitoring mechanism of spatial economic performance should be established in urban development to guide the sustainable development of urban spatial economic performance.
引文
[1]卢新海,匡兵,周敏.城市建设用地利用效率的空间非均衡及影响因素[J].中国人口:资源与环境,2016,26(11):45-52.
[2]陆大道,姚士谋,李国平,等.基于我国国情的城镇化过程综合分析[J].经济地理,2007,27(6):883-887.
[3]吕晓,黄贤金,钟太洋,等.建设用地扩张过程的时间均衡态势分析[J].农业工程学报,2013:29(15):236-243.
[4]张诚,曾辉.城市建设用地増长预测主要模型类型及特征[J].地理与地理信息科学.2014,30(1):50-55.
[5]吴一洲,王琳.我国城镇化的空间绩效:分析框架、现实困境与优化路径[J].规划师,2012(9):65-70.
[6]韦亚平,赵民,汪劲柏.紧凑城市土地发展与利用绩效的测度:“屠能-阿隆索”模型的扩展与应用[J].城市规划学刊,2008(3):32-40.
[7]毛伟.城市建设用地扩张与经济增长效率关系的动态分析指标体系[J].贵州财经大学学报,2015(4):9-15.
[8]李雅青.城市空间经济绩效评估与优化研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2009.
[9]彭丽花,游静,袁持平.珠三角城市群经济效率比较研究:基于三阶段DEA模型[J].江苏商论,2017(5):84-89.
[10]于晓萍,赵坚.城市轨道交通与多中心大都市区空间经济绩效优化:东京通勤铁路发展的经验借鉴[J].经济问题探索,2016(1):83-86.
[11]曹聪丽.产业发展模式、城市规模协同发展与城市经济绩效提升:基于空间计量的实证研究[J].软科学,2017(5):6-10.
[12]任晓娟,陈晓键,马泉.西北地区城市空间扩展及动因分析:以宁夏固原市为例[J].遥感信息,2017,32(3):155-161.
[13]国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2001~2015.
[14]李兰.城市空间解读:主体价值与扩展绩效[M].北京:建筑工业出版社,2017.
[15]洪世键,张京祥.经济学视野下的城市空间扩展[J].人文地理,2015(6):66-71,137.
[16]丁成日.城市摊大饼式空间扩张的经济学动力机制[J].城市规划,2005(4):56-60.
[17]O’SULLIVAN A.Urban Economics[M].UK:Mc Graw-Hill Press,2007.
(1)在经济产出效力层,本文用地均产出替代地均投入产出强度,用GDP表示当年城市产出。地均产出能反映一个城市产值密度和经济集中程度;在经济服务层,本文用地方财政预算内支出占GDP的比例反映国民收入和城市公益性需求的变化程度。
[2]陆大道,姚士谋,李国平,等.基于我国国情的城镇化过程综合分析[J].经济地理,2007,27(6):883-887.
[3]吕晓,黄贤金,钟太洋,等.建设用地扩张过程的时间均衡态势分析[J].农业工程学报,2013:29(15):236-243.
[4]张诚,曾辉.城市建设用地増长预测主要模型类型及特征[J].地理与地理信息科学.2014,30(1):50-55.
[5]吴一洲,王琳.我国城镇化的空间绩效:分析框架、现实困境与优化路径[J].规划师,2012(9):65-70.
[6]韦亚平,赵民,汪劲柏.紧凑城市土地发展与利用绩效的测度:“屠能-阿隆索”模型的扩展与应用[J].城市规划学刊,2008(3):32-40.
[7]毛伟.城市建设用地扩张与经济增长效率关系的动态分析指标体系[J].贵州财经大学学报,2015(4):9-15.
[8]李雅青.城市空间经济绩效评估与优化研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2009.
[9]彭丽花,游静,袁持平.珠三角城市群经济效率比较研究:基于三阶段DEA模型[J].江苏商论,2017(5):84-89.
[10]于晓萍,赵坚.城市轨道交通与多中心大都市区空间经济绩效优化:东京通勤铁路发展的经验借鉴[J].经济问题探索,2016(1):83-86.
[11]曹聪丽.产业发展模式、城市规模协同发展与城市经济绩效提升:基于空间计量的实证研究[J].软科学,2017(5):6-10.
[12]任晓娟,陈晓键,马泉.西北地区城市空间扩展及动因分析:以宁夏固原市为例[J].遥感信息,2017,32(3):155-161.
[13]国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2001~2015.
[14]李兰.城市空间解读:主体价值与扩展绩效[M].北京:建筑工业出版社,2017.
[15]洪世键,张京祥.经济学视野下的城市空间扩展[J].人文地理,2015(6):66-71,137.
[16]丁成日.城市摊大饼式空间扩张的经济学动力机制[J].城市规划,2005(4):56-60.
[17]O’SULLIVAN A.Urban Economics[M].UK:Mc Graw-Hill Press,2007.
(1)在经济产出效力层,本文用地均产出替代地均投入产出强度,用GDP表示当年城市产出。地均产出能反映一个城市产值密度和经济集中程度;在经济服务层,本文用地方财政预算内支出占GDP的比例反映国民收入和城市公益性需求的变化程度。