Regulating wrinkling patterns by periodic surface stiffness in film-substrate structures
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摘要
Surface wrinkling of materials holds promise for important applications in diverse fields such as multifunctional surfaces and biomedical engineering. For these applications, it is of interest to attain various surface wrinkles with tunable wavelengths and amplitudes. Through a combination of experiments and numerical simulations, we here propose a method to regulate the wrinkling patterns in a film-substrate system by introducing periodic surface stiffness, which is generated through sequential specified ultraviolet-ozone(UVO) treatments. Both experiments and numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed technique can produce various patterns with wide, tunable geometrical features and anisotropy. The effects of surface stiffness distribution, the exposure durations of UVO-treatments, and the loading biaxiality are examined on the generated surface patterns.
Surface wrinkling of materials holds promise for important applications in diverse fields such as multifunctional surfaces and biomedical engineering. For these applications, it is of interest to attain various surface wrinkles with tunable wavelengths and amplitudes. Through a combination of experiments and numerical simulations, we here propose a method to regulate the wrinkling patterns in a film-substrate system by introducing periodic surface stiffness, which is generated through sequential specified ultraviolet-ozone(UVO) treatments. Both experiments and numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed technique can produce various patterns with wide, tunable geometrical features and anisotropy. The effects of surface stiffness distribution, the exposure durations of UVO-treatments, and the loading biaxiality are examined on the generated surface patterns.
Surface wrinkling of materials holds promise for important applications in diverse fields such as multifunctional surfaces and biomedical engineering. For these applications, it is of interest to attain various surface wrinkles with tunable wavelengths and amplitudes. Through a combination of experiments and numerical simulations, we here propose a method to regulate the wrinkling patterns in a film-substrate system by introducing periodic surface stiffness, which is generated through sequential specified ultraviolet-ozone(UVO) treatments. Both experiments and numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed technique can produce various patterns with wide, tunable geometrical features and anisotropy. The effects of surface stiffness distribution, the exposure durations of UVO-treatments, and the loading biaxiality are examined on the generated surface patterns.
引文
1 Feng X Q,Cao Y P,Li B.Surface Wrinkling Mechanics of Soft Materials.Beijing:Science Press,2017
2 Rogers J A,Someya T,Huang Y.Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics.Science,2010,327:1603-1607
3 Suo Z.Mechanics of stretchable electronics and soft machines.MRSBull,2012,37:218-225
4 Chen A,Lieu D K,Freschauf L,et al.Shrink-film configurable multiscale wrinkles for functional alignment of human embryonic stem cells and their cardiac derivatives.Adv Mater,2011,23:5785-5791
5 Harrison C,Stafford C M,Zhang W,et al.Sinusoidal phase grating created by a tunably buckled surface.Appl Phys Lett,2004,85:4016-4018
6 Nie Z,Kumacheva E.Patterning surfaces with functional polymers.Nat Mater,2008,7:277-290
7 Ghosh A,Bandyopadhyay D,Sharma A.Electric field mediated elastic contact lithography of thin viscoelastic films for miniaturized and multiscale patterns.Soft Matter,2018,14:3963-3977
8 Li B,Cao Y P,Feng X Q,et al.Mechanics of morphological instabilities and surface wrinkling in soft materials:A review.Soft Matter,2012,8:5728-5745
9 Lin G,Chandrasekaran P,Lv C,et al.Self-similar hierarchical wrinkles as a potential multifunctional smart window with simultaneously tunable transparency,structural color,and droplet transport.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9:26510-26517
10 Wang Q,Zhao X.Beyond wrinkles:Multimodal surface instabilities for multifunctional patterning.MRS Bull,2016,41:115-122
11 Wang J W,Li B,Cao Y P,et al.Surface wrinkling patterns of filmsubstrate systems with a structured interface.J Appl Mech,2015,82:051009
12 Yang J,Damle S,Maiti S,et al.Stretching-induced wrinkling in plastic-rubber composites.Soft Matter,2017,13:776-787
13 Audoly B,Boudaoud A.Buckling of a stiff film bound to a compliant substrate-Part I.J Mech Phys Solids,2008,56:2401-2421
14 Li M,Qin H,Liu J,et al.Mechanism of three-dimensional surface wrinkle manipulation on a compliant substrate.J Appl Mech,2018,85:071004
15 Song J.Herringbone buckling patterns of anisotropic thin films on elastomeric substrates.Appl Phys Lett,2010,96:051913
16 Holland M A,Li B,Feng X Q,et al.Instabilities of soft films on compliant substrates.J Mech Phys Solids,2017,98:350-365
17 Li B,Cao Y P,Feng X Q,et al.Surface wrinkling of mucosa induced by volumetric growth:Theory,simulation and experiment.J Mech Phys Solids,2011,59:758-774
18 Yin S F,Li B,Cao Y P,et al.Surface wrinkling of anisotropic films bonded on a compliant substrate.Int J Solids Struct,2018,141-142:219-231
19 Zhang C,Li B,Huang X,et al.Morphomechanics of bacterial biofilms undergoing anisotropic differential growth.Appl Phys Lett,2016,109:143701
20 Wang C,Kang J,Xue Z,et al.Buckling induced delamination and microflow analysis of film/substrate system.Composite Struct,2017,161:8-14
21 Velankar S S,Lai V,Vaia R A.Swelling-induced delamination causes folding of surface-tethered polymer gels.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2012,4:24-29
22 Ni Y,Yu S,Jiang H,et al.The shape of telephone cord blisters.Nat Commun,2017,8:14138
23 Whitesides G M,Bowden N,Brittain S,et al.Spontaneous formation of ordered structures in thin films of metals supported on an elastomeric polymer.Nature,1998,393:146-149
24 Yin J,Yagüe J L,Eggenspieler D,et al.Deterministic order in surface micro-topologies through sequential wrinkling.Adv Mater,2012,24:5441-5446
25 Brojan M,Terwagne D,Lagrange R,et al.Wrinkling crystallography on spherical surfaces.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2015,112:14-19
26 Stoop N,Lagrange R,Terwagne D,et al.Curvature-induced symmetry breaking determines elastic surface patterns.Nat Mater,2015,14:337-342
27 Huang X,Li B,Hong W,et al.Effects of tension-compression asymmetry on the surface wrinkling of film-substrate systems.J Mech Phys Solids,2016,94:88-104
28 Zhao R,Zhao X.Multimodal surface instabilities in curved filmsubstrate structures.J Appl Mech,2017,84:081001
29 Razavi M J,Zhang T,Li X,et al.Role of mechanical factors in cortical folding development.Phys Rev E,2015,92:032701
30 Brau F,Vandeparre H,Sabbah A,et al.Multiple-length-scale elastic instability mimics parametric resonance of nonlinear oscillators.Nat Phys,2011,7:56-60
31 Cai S,Breid D,Crosby A J,et al.Periodic patterns and energy states of buckled films on compliant substrates.J Mech Phys Solids,2011,59:1094-1114
32 Li B,Jia F,Cao Y P,et al.Surface wrinkling patterns on a core-shell soft sphere.Phys Rev Lett,2011,106:234301
33 Zhao Y,Cao Y,Feng X Q,et al.Axial compression-induced wrinkles on a core-shell soft cylinder:Theoretical analysis,simulations and experiments.J Mech Phys Solids,2014,73:212-227
34 Yang Y,Dai H H,Xu F,et al.Pattern transitions in a soft cylindrical shell.Phys Rev Lett,2018,120:215503
35 Gabardo C M,Hosseini A,Soleymani L.A new wrinkle in biosensors:Wrinkled electrodes could be a breakthrough for lab-on-a-chip devices..IEEE Nanotechnol Mag,2016,10:6-18
36 Wang J,Li B,Cao Y P,et al.Wrinkling micropatterns regulated by a hard skin layer with a periodic stiffness distribution on a soft material.Appl Phys Lett,2016,108:021903
37 Huang Z Y,Hong W,Suo Z.Nonlinear analyses of wrinkles in a film bonded to a compliant substrate.J Mech Phys Solids,2005,53:2101-2118
38 Jiang H,Khang D Y,Song J,et al.Finite deformation mechanics in buckled thin films on compliant supports.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2007,104:15607-15612
39 Zhao Y,Han X,Li G,et al.Effect of lateral dimension on the surface wrinkling of a thin film on compliant substrate induced by differential growth/swelling.J Mech Phys Solids,2015,83:129-145
40 Bae H J,Bae S,Yoon J,et al.Self-organization of maze-like structures via guided wrinkling.Sci Adv,2017,3:e1700071
41 Ouchi T,Yang J,Suo Z,et al.Effects of stiff film pattern geometry on surface buckling instabilities of elastic bilayers.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2018,10:23406-23413
2 Rogers J A,Someya T,Huang Y.Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics.Science,2010,327:1603-1607
3 Suo Z.Mechanics of stretchable electronics and soft machines.MRSBull,2012,37:218-225
4 Chen A,Lieu D K,Freschauf L,et al.Shrink-film configurable multiscale wrinkles for functional alignment of human embryonic stem cells and their cardiac derivatives.Adv Mater,2011,23:5785-5791
5 Harrison C,Stafford C M,Zhang W,et al.Sinusoidal phase grating created by a tunably buckled surface.Appl Phys Lett,2004,85:4016-4018
6 Nie Z,Kumacheva E.Patterning surfaces with functional polymers.Nat Mater,2008,7:277-290
7 Ghosh A,Bandyopadhyay D,Sharma A.Electric field mediated elastic contact lithography of thin viscoelastic films for miniaturized and multiscale patterns.Soft Matter,2018,14:3963-3977
8 Li B,Cao Y P,Feng X Q,et al.Mechanics of morphological instabilities and surface wrinkling in soft materials:A review.Soft Matter,2012,8:5728-5745
9 Lin G,Chandrasekaran P,Lv C,et al.Self-similar hierarchical wrinkles as a potential multifunctional smart window with simultaneously tunable transparency,structural color,and droplet transport.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9:26510-26517
10 Wang Q,Zhao X.Beyond wrinkles:Multimodal surface instabilities for multifunctional patterning.MRS Bull,2016,41:115-122
11 Wang J W,Li B,Cao Y P,et al.Surface wrinkling patterns of filmsubstrate systems with a structured interface.J Appl Mech,2015,82:051009
12 Yang J,Damle S,Maiti S,et al.Stretching-induced wrinkling in plastic-rubber composites.Soft Matter,2017,13:776-787
13 Audoly B,Boudaoud A.Buckling of a stiff film bound to a compliant substrate-Part I.J Mech Phys Solids,2008,56:2401-2421
14 Li M,Qin H,Liu J,et al.Mechanism of three-dimensional surface wrinkle manipulation on a compliant substrate.J Appl Mech,2018,85:071004
15 Song J.Herringbone buckling patterns of anisotropic thin films on elastomeric substrates.Appl Phys Lett,2010,96:051913
16 Holland M A,Li B,Feng X Q,et al.Instabilities of soft films on compliant substrates.J Mech Phys Solids,2017,98:350-365
17 Li B,Cao Y P,Feng X Q,et al.Surface wrinkling of mucosa induced by volumetric growth:Theory,simulation and experiment.J Mech Phys Solids,2011,59:758-774
18 Yin S F,Li B,Cao Y P,et al.Surface wrinkling of anisotropic films bonded on a compliant substrate.Int J Solids Struct,2018,141-142:219-231
19 Zhang C,Li B,Huang X,et al.Morphomechanics of bacterial biofilms undergoing anisotropic differential growth.Appl Phys Lett,2016,109:143701
20 Wang C,Kang J,Xue Z,et al.Buckling induced delamination and microflow analysis of film/substrate system.Composite Struct,2017,161:8-14
21 Velankar S S,Lai V,Vaia R A.Swelling-induced delamination causes folding of surface-tethered polymer gels.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2012,4:24-29
22 Ni Y,Yu S,Jiang H,et al.The shape of telephone cord blisters.Nat Commun,2017,8:14138
23 Whitesides G M,Bowden N,Brittain S,et al.Spontaneous formation of ordered structures in thin films of metals supported on an elastomeric polymer.Nature,1998,393:146-149
24 Yin J,Yagüe J L,Eggenspieler D,et al.Deterministic order in surface micro-topologies through sequential wrinkling.Adv Mater,2012,24:5441-5446
25 Brojan M,Terwagne D,Lagrange R,et al.Wrinkling crystallography on spherical surfaces.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2015,112:14-19
26 Stoop N,Lagrange R,Terwagne D,et al.Curvature-induced symmetry breaking determines elastic surface patterns.Nat Mater,2015,14:337-342
27 Huang X,Li B,Hong W,et al.Effects of tension-compression asymmetry on the surface wrinkling of film-substrate systems.J Mech Phys Solids,2016,94:88-104
28 Zhao R,Zhao X.Multimodal surface instabilities in curved filmsubstrate structures.J Appl Mech,2017,84:081001
29 Razavi M J,Zhang T,Li X,et al.Role of mechanical factors in cortical folding development.Phys Rev E,2015,92:032701
30 Brau F,Vandeparre H,Sabbah A,et al.Multiple-length-scale elastic instability mimics parametric resonance of nonlinear oscillators.Nat Phys,2011,7:56-60
31 Cai S,Breid D,Crosby A J,et al.Periodic patterns and energy states of buckled films on compliant substrates.J Mech Phys Solids,2011,59:1094-1114
32 Li B,Jia F,Cao Y P,et al.Surface wrinkling patterns on a core-shell soft sphere.Phys Rev Lett,2011,106:234301
33 Zhao Y,Cao Y,Feng X Q,et al.Axial compression-induced wrinkles on a core-shell soft cylinder:Theoretical analysis,simulations and experiments.J Mech Phys Solids,2014,73:212-227
34 Yang Y,Dai H H,Xu F,et al.Pattern transitions in a soft cylindrical shell.Phys Rev Lett,2018,120:215503
35 Gabardo C M,Hosseini A,Soleymani L.A new wrinkle in biosensors:Wrinkled electrodes could be a breakthrough for lab-on-a-chip devices..IEEE Nanotechnol Mag,2016,10:6-18
36 Wang J,Li B,Cao Y P,et al.Wrinkling micropatterns regulated by a hard skin layer with a periodic stiffness distribution on a soft material.Appl Phys Lett,2016,108:021903
37 Huang Z Y,Hong W,Suo Z.Nonlinear analyses of wrinkles in a film bonded to a compliant substrate.J Mech Phys Solids,2005,53:2101-2118
38 Jiang H,Khang D Y,Song J,et al.Finite deformation mechanics in buckled thin films on compliant supports.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2007,104:15607-15612
39 Zhao Y,Han X,Li G,et al.Effect of lateral dimension on the surface wrinkling of a thin film on compliant substrate induced by differential growth/swelling.J Mech Phys Solids,2015,83:129-145
40 Bae H J,Bae S,Yoon J,et al.Self-organization of maze-like structures via guided wrinkling.Sci Adv,2017,3:e1700071
41 Ouchi T,Yang J,Suo Z,et al.Effects of stiff film pattern geometry on surface buckling instabilities of elastic bilayers.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2018,10:23406-23413