线对象V-O分解与符号化算法
|
摘要
本文针对线符号中基本线型绘制质量与效率问题,对比分析了5种典型线对象分解与绘制方法。在V分解的基础上,提出一种V-O分解与绘制方法,提高了V分解方法三角化的适应性,减少了V分解方法的顶点、三角形以及三角形条带的个数。能够支持颜色线、纹理线、渐变线等基本线型的绘制,支持反走样。实验表明,本文方法具有较强的适应性和较高的绘制效率。
Quality and efficiency in basic linear drawing,comparative analysis of the five kinds of typical polyline tessellation and drawing methods are presented in this paper.On the basis of V tessellating,we propose a V-O tessellating and rendering method to improve the adaptability of the V triangulation decomposition to reduce the number of vertices,triangles and triangle strips.This method can support anti-aliasing color polyline,texture polyline,and the gradient polyline.Experimental results show that the proposed method is adaptable and performs well.
Quality and efficiency in basic linear drawing,comparative analysis of the five kinds of typical polyline tessellation and drawing methods are presented in this paper.On the basis of V tessellating,we propose a V-O tessellating and rendering method to improve the adaptability of the V triangulation decomposition to reduce the number of vertices,triangles and triangle strips.This method can support anti-aliasing color polyline,texture polyline,and the gradient polyline.Experimental results show that the proposed method is adaptable and performs well.
引文
[1]Robinson A C,Pezanowski S,Troedson S.Symbol Store:Sharing Map Symbols for Emergency Management[J].Cartography and Geographic Information Science,2013,40(5):415-426
[2]Lalonde W.Styled Layer Descriptor Implementation Specification 1.0.0[Z].OGC Document,England,2002
[3]Li Li,Wang Jiechen,Shen Dingtao.A Method for Plotting Gradual Change Symbol of Single-line Stream[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2008(11):64-67(李丽,王结臣,沈定涛,等.一种单线河流渐变符号的绘制方法[J].测绘通报,2008(11):64-67)
[4]Maceachren A M.How Maps Work:Representation,Visualization and Design[M].Guilford:Guilford Press,2004
[5]Wu Xiaofang,Du Qingyun.Design and Algorithm Optimization of Complex Linear Symbol[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2006,31(7):632-635(吴小芳,杜清运.复杂线状符号的设计及优化算法研究[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2006,31(7):632-635)
[6]Longley P A,Goodchild M F,Maguire D J,et al.Geographic Information System and Science[M].England:John Wiley&Sons,Ltd,2010
[7]Akenine-M Ller T,Strm J.Graphics for the Masses:A Hardware Rasterization Architecture for Mobile Phones[C].ACM SIGGRAPH,San Diego,2003
[8]Noguera J M,Segura R J,Ogáyar C J,et al.A Scalable Architecture for 3D Map Navigation on Mobile Devices[J].Personal and Ubiquitous Computing,2013,17(7):1 487-1 502
[9]Zhu Guorui,Xu Zhiyong,Wu Xiaofang.Design of Dynamic Map Symbol Based on Muli-transform Assembly[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2006,32(6):548-551(祝国瑞,徐智勇,吴小芳.基于多重变换组合的动态地图符号设计[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2006,32(6):548-551)
[10]Ferreira N,Poco J,Vo H T,et al.Visual Exploration of Big Spatio-Temporal Urban Data:A Study of New York City Taxi Trips[J].IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph,2013,19(12):2 149-2 158
[11]Zhang C,Li W.The Roles of Web Feature and Web Map Services in Real-Time Geospatial Data Sharing for Time-Critical Applications[J].Cartography and Geographic Information Science,2005,32(4):269-283
[12]Renhart Y.Fast Map Rendering for Mobile Devices[OL].http://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/24577/1/gupea_2077_24577_1.pdf,2014
[13]Lukas R.Rendering Interactive Maps on Mobile Devices Using Graphics Hardware[OL].http://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2012/ROESSLER-2012-OGLES/ROESSLER-2012-OGLESthesis.pdf,2012
[14]Packard K.A Realistic 2D Drawing System,2003[OL].http://www.keithp.com,2003
[15]Wang Jiecheng,Cui Can,Pu Yingxia.A Novel Algorithm of Buffer Construction Based on RunLength Encoding[J].The Cartographic Journal,2010,47(3):198-210
[16]Kilgard M J,Bolz J.GPU-Accelerated Path Rendering[J].ACM Transactions on Graphics(TOG),2012,31(6):172-179
[17]Github Inc.VASE Renderer is a Polyline and Curve Renderer on OpenGL[OL].http://github.com/tyt2y3/vaserenderer,2014
[18]Tsang H F.Drawing Polylines by Tessellation[OL].http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/226569/Drawing-polylines-by-tessellation,2014
[19]Su Kehua,Zhu Xinyan,Gong Jianya.Cross-Platform Versatile Technology for GIS Symbols[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2009,34(5):611-614(苏科华,朱欣焰,龚健雅.GIS符号的跨平台通用技术研究[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2009,34(5):611-614)
[20]RICE Daniel.OpenVG specification version 1.0.1[EB/OL].http://www.khronos.org/files/openvg-quick-reference-card.pdf,2006-01-26
[2]Lalonde W.Styled Layer Descriptor Implementation Specification 1.0.0[Z].OGC Document,England,2002
[3]Li Li,Wang Jiechen,Shen Dingtao.A Method for Plotting Gradual Change Symbol of Single-line Stream[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2008(11):64-67(李丽,王结臣,沈定涛,等.一种单线河流渐变符号的绘制方法[J].测绘通报,2008(11):64-67)
[4]Maceachren A M.How Maps Work:Representation,Visualization and Design[M].Guilford:Guilford Press,2004
[5]Wu Xiaofang,Du Qingyun.Design and Algorithm Optimization of Complex Linear Symbol[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2006,31(7):632-635(吴小芳,杜清运.复杂线状符号的设计及优化算法研究[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2006,31(7):632-635)
[6]Longley P A,Goodchild M F,Maguire D J,et al.Geographic Information System and Science[M].England:John Wiley&Sons,Ltd,2010
[7]Akenine-M Ller T,Strm J.Graphics for the Masses:A Hardware Rasterization Architecture for Mobile Phones[C].ACM SIGGRAPH,San Diego,2003
[8]Noguera J M,Segura R J,Ogáyar C J,et al.A Scalable Architecture for 3D Map Navigation on Mobile Devices[J].Personal and Ubiquitous Computing,2013,17(7):1 487-1 502
[9]Zhu Guorui,Xu Zhiyong,Wu Xiaofang.Design of Dynamic Map Symbol Based on Muli-transform Assembly[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2006,32(6):548-551(祝国瑞,徐智勇,吴小芳.基于多重变换组合的动态地图符号设计[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2006,32(6):548-551)
[10]Ferreira N,Poco J,Vo H T,et al.Visual Exploration of Big Spatio-Temporal Urban Data:A Study of New York City Taxi Trips[J].IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph,2013,19(12):2 149-2 158
[11]Zhang C,Li W.The Roles of Web Feature and Web Map Services in Real-Time Geospatial Data Sharing for Time-Critical Applications[J].Cartography and Geographic Information Science,2005,32(4):269-283
[12]Renhart Y.Fast Map Rendering for Mobile Devices[OL].http://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/24577/1/gupea_2077_24577_1.pdf,2014
[13]Lukas R.Rendering Interactive Maps on Mobile Devices Using Graphics Hardware[OL].http://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2012/ROESSLER-2012-OGLES/ROESSLER-2012-OGLESthesis.pdf,2012
[14]Packard K.A Realistic 2D Drawing System,2003[OL].http://www.keithp.com,2003
[15]Wang Jiecheng,Cui Can,Pu Yingxia.A Novel Algorithm of Buffer Construction Based on RunLength Encoding[J].The Cartographic Journal,2010,47(3):198-210
[16]Kilgard M J,Bolz J.GPU-Accelerated Path Rendering[J].ACM Transactions on Graphics(TOG),2012,31(6):172-179
[17]Github Inc.VASE Renderer is a Polyline and Curve Renderer on OpenGL[OL].http://github.com/tyt2y3/vaserenderer,2014
[18]Tsang H F.Drawing Polylines by Tessellation[OL].http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/226569/Drawing-polylines-by-tessellation,2014
[19]Su Kehua,Zhu Xinyan,Gong Jianya.Cross-Platform Versatile Technology for GIS Symbols[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2009,34(5):611-614(苏科华,朱欣焰,龚健雅.GIS符号的跨平台通用技术研究[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2009,34(5):611-614)
[20]RICE Daniel.OpenVG specification version 1.0.1[EB/OL].http://www.khronos.org/files/openvg-quick-reference-card.pdf,2006-01-26