鼠茅间作对桃形李林地水土保持、土壤理化性质及果实品质的影响
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摘要
[目的]探索鼠茅作为绿肥间作对桃形李林地水土保持、土壤理化性质以及果实品质的影响,为绿肥鼠茅的推广应用提供参考。[方法]采用测钎法和环刀法测定土壤流失厚度及容重,并计算土壤侵蚀模数;采用智能数据记录仪测定空气和土壤温湿度;采用随机定点分层取样法,测定林地0～20和20～40 cm土层土壤的养分含量;采用数字糖度计测量桃形李果实可溶性固形物含量。[结果]鼠茅间作对桃形李林地水土保持、土壤理化性质以及果实品质影响显著。与空白对照清耕组相比,鼠茅间作组土壤流失减轻了89.13%,土壤湿度增幅高达134.39%;鼠茅间作提高了林地0～20和20～40 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾以及水解性氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量,其中速效磷增幅最显著;与豆科绿肥白三叶相比,鼠茅间作对桃形李林地的改良优势更明显。[结论]鼠茅间作经营对桃形李林地水土保持、土壤改良以及果实品质的提高等方面均有积极的作用,为绿肥鼠茅的推广提供数据支撑。
[Objective]To explore the effect of intercropping with Vulpia myuros on water and soil conservations,soil physico-chemical and fruit quality of nane fruit forest,and provide reference for the application of green manure plant Vulpia myuros.[Method] The plugging-brazing and double-ring infiltration methods were used to measure soil loss thickness and bulk density,respectively,and then soil erosion modulus were calculated.The intelligent data logger was used to measure the temperature and humidity of ail and soil.By using the method of random fixed-point stratified sampling,the changes of soil nutrients contents of nane fruit forest in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers were analyzed.The digital sugar meter was used to measure the soluble solids content of nane fruit.[Result]The soil conservations,soil physico-chemical and fruit quality of nane fruit forest were significantly influenced by the treatment of intercropping with Vulpia myuros.Intercropping with Vulpia myuros,the loss of soil decreased by 89.13% and soil humidity increased by 134.39% campared with control treament.The decomposition of Vulpia myuros not only improved the content of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphprous and total potassium of nane fruit in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers,but also increased hydrolysable,rapidly available phosphorus and potassium content.The increases of rapidly available phosphorus was most significant.It showed that the soil improvement of nane fruit intercropping with Vulpia myuros was more advantageous than that intercropping with Trifolium repens.[Conclusion]Intercropping with Vulpia myuros shows a positive effect on soil conservations,soil physico-chemical and fruit quality of nane fruit forest.Thus,it may provide the data support for popularization of Vulpia myuros as a green manure plant.
[Objective]To explore the effect of intercropping with Vulpia myuros on water and soil conservations,soil physico-chemical and fruit quality of nane fruit forest,and provide reference for the application of green manure plant Vulpia myuros.[Method] The plugging-brazing and double-ring infiltration methods were used to measure soil loss thickness and bulk density,respectively,and then soil erosion modulus were calculated.The intelligent data logger was used to measure the temperature and humidity of ail and soil.By using the method of random fixed-point stratified sampling,the changes of soil nutrients contents of nane fruit forest in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers were analyzed.The digital sugar meter was used to measure the soluble solids content of nane fruit.[Result]The soil conservations,soil physico-chemical and fruit quality of nane fruit forest were significantly influenced by the treatment of intercropping with Vulpia myuros.Intercropping with Vulpia myuros,the loss of soil decreased by 89.13% and soil humidity increased by 134.39% campared with control treament.The decomposition of Vulpia myuros not only improved the content of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphprous and total potassium of nane fruit in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers,but also increased hydrolysable,rapidly available phosphorus and potassium content.The increases of rapidly available phosphorus was most significant.It showed that the soil improvement of nane fruit intercropping with Vulpia myuros was more advantageous than that intercropping with Trifolium repens.[Conclusion]Intercropping with Vulpia myuros shows a positive effect on soil conservations,soil physico-chemical and fruit quality of nane fruit forest.Thus,it may provide the data support for popularization of Vulpia myuros as a green manure plant.
引文
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[13] 栾好安,王晓雨,韩上,等.三峡库区橘园种植绿肥对土壤养分流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):68-72.
[14] 丁怡飞,曹永庆,姚小华,等.油茶间作不同绿肥对土壤养分流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):179-183,216.
[15] 丁怡飞,曹永庆,姚小华,等.油茶-鼠茅草复合系统细根空间分布及地下竞争[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(4):981-986.
[16] 徐朗然,黄成就.中国植物志:第42卷第2分册[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:334.
[17] 耿伯介,王正平.中国植物志:第9卷第2分册[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:85.
[2] 张殿发,张祥华.西部地区退耕还林急需解决的问题及建议[J].中国水土保持,2001(3):9-11.
[3] 李子双,廉晓娟,王薇,等.我国绿肥的研究进展[J].草业科学,2013,30(7):1135-1140.
[4] DING X L,YUAN Y,LIANG Y,et al.Impact of long-term application of manure,crop residue,and mineral fertilizer on organic carbon pools and crop yields in a Mollisol[J].Journal of soils and sediments,2014,14(5):854-859.
[5] KIRKEGAARD J,CHRISTEN O,KRUPINSKY J,et al.Break crop benefits in temperate wheat production[J].Field crops research,2008,107(3):185-195.
[6] 曹卫东,徐昌旭.中国主要农区绿肥作物生产与利用技术规程[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2010:1-3.
[7] 李成亮,孔宏敏,何园球.施肥结构对旱地红壤有机质和物理性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(6):116-119.
[8] 吴志丹,尤志明,江福英,等.行间覆盖绿肥对幼龄茶园土壤理化性状的影响[J].福建农业学报,2013,28(12):1285-1290.
[9] 李红燕,胡铁成,曹群虎,等.旱地不同绿肥品种和种植方式提高土壤肥力的效果[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1310-1318.
[10] 梁斌,董静,隋方功,等.果园土壤中鼠茅草的降解特性及其对氮素供应的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(3):245-250.
[11] 宋同清,王克林,彭晚霞,等.亚热带丘陵茶园间作白三叶草的生态效应[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3647-3655.
[12] 胡宗达,叶充,胡庭兴,等.刈割对白三叶草生长状况及土壤养分的影响[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(3):34-38.
[13] 栾好安,王晓雨,韩上,等.三峡库区橘园种植绿肥对土壤养分流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):68-72.
[14] 丁怡飞,曹永庆,姚小华,等.油茶间作不同绿肥对土壤养分流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):179-183,216.
[15] 丁怡飞,曹永庆,姚小华,等.油茶-鼠茅草复合系统细根空间分布及地下竞争[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(4):981-986.
[16] 徐朗然,黄成就.中国植物志:第42卷第2分册[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:334.
[17] 耿伯介,王正平.中国植物志:第9卷第2分册[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:85.