基于DFOS的连云港第四纪地层地面沉降监测分析
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摘要
地面沉降作为目前长三角地区危害最严重的地质灾害,对长三角地区的经济发展造成了十分严重的危害.采用布里渊光时域反射技术(Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometer,BOTDR)及准分布布拉格光纤光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)等分布式监测技术(Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing,DFOS),利用连云港市徐圩新区污水处理厂内一个130m的钻孔,通过分布式光缆对该地第四纪地层的地面沉降进行了为期两年的监测与分析.主要的结果如下:目前该地区的主要沉降层为第一弱透水层;地层的沉降量与抽水含水层的孔隙水压力变化一致,且存在一定的滞后性;徐圩地区地面沉降的主要原因是与抽水含水层相邻的弱透水层的释水压缩,而不是抽水含水层的压缩变形;DFOS技术为进一步研究地面沉降的机理与变形特点提供了一种较为准确的监测方法.
As the most serious geological hazard in the Yangtze River Delta area,land subsidence has caused serious damage to the economic development of the Yangtze River Delta area.In this paper,the Quaternary land subsidence is long-term monitored by the Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing(DFOS)technology.The optical fibers based on the BOTDR(Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)technology and the fiber grating sensors based on the FBG(Fiber Bragg Grating)technology are laid in a 130 mborehole drilled in Xuwei,Lianyungang city.The monitoring data collected in two years is analyzed.The main compaction occurs at the first aquitard.The deformation of stratum is consistent with the variation of pore water pressure of pumping aquifer.And there is a hysteresis between them.The main cause of ground subsidence in Xuwei is the compression of the aquitard adjacent to the pumping aquiferrather than the deformation of the pumping aquifer.DFOS technology provides a very advanced monitoring method for the study of the mechanism and deformation characteristics of ground subsidence.
As the most serious geological hazard in the Yangtze River Delta area,land subsidence has caused serious damage to the economic development of the Yangtze River Delta area.In this paper,the Quaternary land subsidence is long-term monitored by the Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing(DFOS)technology.The optical fibers based on the BOTDR(Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)technology and the fiber grating sensors based on the FBG(Fiber Bragg Grating)technology are laid in a 130 mborehole drilled in Xuwei,Lianyungang city.The monitoring data collected in two years is analyzed.The main compaction occurs at the first aquitard.The deformation of stratum is consistent with the variation of pore water pressure of pumping aquifer.And there is a hysteresis between them.The main cause of ground subsidence in Xuwei is the compression of the aquitard adjacent to the pumping aquiferrather than the deformation of the pumping aquifer.DFOS technology provides a very advanced monitoring method for the study of the mechanism and deformation characteristics of ground subsidence.
引文
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[3]刘欢欢,张有全,王荣等.京津高铁北京段地面沉降监测及结果分析.地球物理学报,2016,59(7):2424-2432.(Liu H H,Zhang Y Q,Wang R,et al.Monitoring and analysis of land subsidence along the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed railway(Beijing section).Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(7):2424-2432.)
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[8]刘勇,黄海军,李培英等.黄河三角洲深层地下水漏斗引发的地面沉降特征.应用基础与工程科学学报,2014,22(5):896-908.(Liu Y,Huang H J,Li P Y,et al.Characteristics of land subsidence induced by deep groundwater funnel in the Yellow River Delta.Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2014,22(5):896-908.)
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[12]王兴,施斌,魏广庆等.土木与岩土工程监测新技术——BOFDA的性能与特点.防灾减灾工程学报,2015,35(6):763-768.(Wang X,Shi B,Wei G Q,et al.A novel technique for civil and geotechnical engineering monitoring:performance and characteristics of BOFDA.Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2015,35(6):763-768.)
[13]曹鼎峰,施斌,严珺凡等.BOFDA技术综述及用于岩土工程监测的可行性研究.防灾减灾工程学报,2013,33(s1):132-137.(Cao D F,Shi B,Yan J F,et al.BOFDA technology overview and feasibility study for geotechnical engineering monitoring.Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2013,33(s1):132-137.)
[14]陈池,柯贤金,蔡顺德等.分布式光纤技术在锦屏一级水电站地质平硐边坡监测中的应用研究.水利水电技术,2009,40(3):27-29.(Chen C,Ke X J,Cai S D,et al.Study on application of distributed optical fiber technique to monitoring slope structure of geological adit for Jinping Hydropower StationⅠ.Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2009,40(3):27-29.)
[15]Kihara M,Hiramatsu K,Shima M,et al.Distributed optical fiber strain sensor for detecting river embankment collapse.Ieice Transactions on Electronics,2002,E85-C(4):952-960.
[16]李科.土体变形监测特种光纤传感技术研究.硕士学位论文.南京:南京大学,2008.
[17]Komatsu K,Fujihashi K,Okutsu M.Application of optical sensing technology to the civil engineering field with optical fiber strain measurement device(BOTDR)∥Proceedings of SPIE Volume 4920,Advanced Sensor Systems and Applications.Shanghai,China:SPIE,2002,4920:352-361.
[18]Ohno H,Naruse H,Kihara M,et al.Industrial applications of the BOTDR optical fiber strain sensor.Optical Fiber Technology,2001,7(1):45-64.
[19]Naruse H,Uchiyama Y,Kurashima T,et al.River levee change detection using distributed fiber optic strain sensor.Ieice Transactions on Electronics,2000,E83-C(3):462-467.
[20]刘薇,李靖.分布式光纤光栅在管道检测中的应用.红外,2008,29(7):37-39.(Liu W,Li J.Application of distributed fiber bragg grating in pipeline detection.Infrared,2008,29(7):37-39.)
[21]黄民双,曾励,陶宝祺等.分布式光纤布里渊散射应变传感器参数计算.航空学报,1999,20(2):137-140.(Huang M S,Zeng L,Tao B Q,et al.Parameter calculation of distributed optical fiber strain sensor based on brillouin scattering.Acta Aeronautica ET Astronautica Sinica,1999,20(2):137-140.)
[22]Sakairi Y,Uchiyama H,Li Z X,et al.System for measuring temperature and strain separately by BOTDR and OTDR∥Proceedings of SPIE Volume 4920,Advanced Sensor Systems and Applications.Shanghai,China:SPIE,2002,4920:274-285.
[23]索文斌,施斌,张巍等.基于BOTDR的分布式光纤传感器标定实验研究.仪器仪表学报,2006,27(9):985-989.(Suo W B,Shi B,Zhang W,et al.Study on calibration of distributed optical fiber sensors based on BOTDR.Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2006,27(9):985-989.)
[24]李川,张以谟,赵永贵等.光纤光栅:原理、技术与传感应用.北京:科学出版社,2005.(Li C,Zhang Y M,Zhao Y G,et al.Fiber grating:Principle,technology and sensing application.Beijing:Science Press,2005.)
[25]Kersey A D,Morey W W.Multiplexed Bragg grating fiber-laser strain sensor system with mode-locked interrogation.Electronics Letters,1993,29(1):112-114.
[26]Kersey A D.A review of recent developments in fiber optic sensor technology.Optical Fiber Technology,1996,2(3):291-317.
[27]Hill K O,Fujii Y,Johnson D C,et al.Potosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides:Application to reflection filter fabrication. Applied Physics Letters,1978,32(10):647-649.
[28]Hill K O,Malo B,Bilodeau F,et al.Bragg grattings fabricated in monomode photosensitive optical fiber by UV exposure through a phase mask.Applied Physics Letters,1993,62(10):1035-1037.
[29]Hill K O, Meltz G. Fiber bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1997,15(8):1263-1276.
[30]信思金,梁磊,左军.光纤光栅传感技术在重大工程结构诊断与监测中的应用.河南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,26(3):52-56.(Xin S J,Liang L,Zuo J.Application of FBG sensing technology on diagnosis and monitoring in major engineeringstructure. JournalofHenan University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2005,26(3):52-56.)
[2] Chen C X,Pei S P,Jiao J.Land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation in Suzhou City,China.Hydrogeology Journal,2003,11(2):275-287.
[3]刘欢欢,张有全,王荣等.京津高铁北京段地面沉降监测及结果分析.地球物理学报,2016,59(7):2424-2432.(Liu H H,Zhang Y Q,Wang R,et al.Monitoring and analysis of land subsidence along the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed railway(Beijing section).Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(7):2424-2432.)
[4]刘长礼,王秀艳,侯宏冰等.我国城市地质灾害及其风险防控对策.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2013,24(S1):313-316.
[5]郑铣鑫,武强,侯艳声等.城市地面沉降研究进展及其发展趋势.地质论评,2002,48(6):612-618.(Zheng X X,Wu Q,Hou Y S,et al.Advances and trends in research on urban land subsidence.Geological Review,2002,48(6):612-618.)
[6]李文运,崔亚莉,苏晨等.天津市地下水流-地面沉降耦合模型.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(3):805-813.(Li W Y,Cui Y L,Su C,et al.An integrated numerical groundwater and land subsidence model of Tianjin.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(3):805-813.)
[7] Phien-Wej N,Giao P H,Nutalaya P.Land subsidence in Bangkok,Thailand.Engineering Geology,2006,82(4):187-201.
[8]刘勇,黄海军,李培英等.黄河三角洲深层地下水漏斗引发的地面沉降特征.应用基础与工程科学学报,2014,22(5):896-908.(Liu Y,Huang H J,Li P Y,et al.Characteristics of land subsidence induced by deep groundwater funnel in the Yellow River Delta.Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2014,22(5):896-908.)
[9]骆祖江,黄小锐.区域地下水开采与地面沉降控制三维全耦合数值模拟.水动力学研究与进展,2009,24(5):566-574.(Luo Z J,Huang X R.Three-dimensionalfullcouplingnumerical simulation of groundwater exploitation and control of land-subsidence in region.Journal of Hydrodynamics,2009,24(5):566-574.)
[10]孙恒,岳建平.基于建筑荷载的城市地面沉降数学模型研究.测绘通报,2013(4):15-17.(Sun H,Yue J P.On mathematical model of urban land subsidence based on building load.Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2013(4):15-17.)
[11]Ovando-Shelley E,Ossa A,Romo M P.The sinking of Mexico City:Its effects on soil properties and seismic response.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2007,27(4):333-343.
[12]王兴,施斌,魏广庆等.土木与岩土工程监测新技术——BOFDA的性能与特点.防灾减灾工程学报,2015,35(6):763-768.(Wang X,Shi B,Wei G Q,et al.A novel technique for civil and geotechnical engineering monitoring:performance and characteristics of BOFDA.Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2015,35(6):763-768.)
[13]曹鼎峰,施斌,严珺凡等.BOFDA技术综述及用于岩土工程监测的可行性研究.防灾减灾工程学报,2013,33(s1):132-137.(Cao D F,Shi B,Yan J F,et al.BOFDA technology overview and feasibility study for geotechnical engineering monitoring.Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2013,33(s1):132-137.)
[14]陈池,柯贤金,蔡顺德等.分布式光纤技术在锦屏一级水电站地质平硐边坡监测中的应用研究.水利水电技术,2009,40(3):27-29.(Chen C,Ke X J,Cai S D,et al.Study on application of distributed optical fiber technique to monitoring slope structure of geological adit for Jinping Hydropower StationⅠ.Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2009,40(3):27-29.)
[15]Kihara M,Hiramatsu K,Shima M,et al.Distributed optical fiber strain sensor for detecting river embankment collapse.Ieice Transactions on Electronics,2002,E85-C(4):952-960.
[16]李科.土体变形监测特种光纤传感技术研究.硕士学位论文.南京:南京大学,2008.
[17]Komatsu K,Fujihashi K,Okutsu M.Application of optical sensing technology to the civil engineering field with optical fiber strain measurement device(BOTDR)∥Proceedings of SPIE Volume 4920,Advanced Sensor Systems and Applications.Shanghai,China:SPIE,2002,4920:352-361.
[18]Ohno H,Naruse H,Kihara M,et al.Industrial applications of the BOTDR optical fiber strain sensor.Optical Fiber Technology,2001,7(1):45-64.
[19]Naruse H,Uchiyama Y,Kurashima T,et al.River levee change detection using distributed fiber optic strain sensor.Ieice Transactions on Electronics,2000,E83-C(3):462-467.
[20]刘薇,李靖.分布式光纤光栅在管道检测中的应用.红外,2008,29(7):37-39.(Liu W,Li J.Application of distributed fiber bragg grating in pipeline detection.Infrared,2008,29(7):37-39.)
[21]黄民双,曾励,陶宝祺等.分布式光纤布里渊散射应变传感器参数计算.航空学报,1999,20(2):137-140.(Huang M S,Zeng L,Tao B Q,et al.Parameter calculation of distributed optical fiber strain sensor based on brillouin scattering.Acta Aeronautica ET Astronautica Sinica,1999,20(2):137-140.)
[22]Sakairi Y,Uchiyama H,Li Z X,et al.System for measuring temperature and strain separately by BOTDR and OTDR∥Proceedings of SPIE Volume 4920,Advanced Sensor Systems and Applications.Shanghai,China:SPIE,2002,4920:274-285.
[23]索文斌,施斌,张巍等.基于BOTDR的分布式光纤传感器标定实验研究.仪器仪表学报,2006,27(9):985-989.(Suo W B,Shi B,Zhang W,et al.Study on calibration of distributed optical fiber sensors based on BOTDR.Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2006,27(9):985-989.)
[24]李川,张以谟,赵永贵等.光纤光栅:原理、技术与传感应用.北京:科学出版社,2005.(Li C,Zhang Y M,Zhao Y G,et al.Fiber grating:Principle,technology and sensing application.Beijing:Science Press,2005.)
[25]Kersey A D,Morey W W.Multiplexed Bragg grating fiber-laser strain sensor system with mode-locked interrogation.Electronics Letters,1993,29(1):112-114.
[26]Kersey A D.A review of recent developments in fiber optic sensor technology.Optical Fiber Technology,1996,2(3):291-317.
[27]Hill K O,Fujii Y,Johnson D C,et al.Potosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides:Application to reflection filter fabrication. Applied Physics Letters,1978,32(10):647-649.
[28]Hill K O,Malo B,Bilodeau F,et al.Bragg grattings fabricated in monomode photosensitive optical fiber by UV exposure through a phase mask.Applied Physics Letters,1993,62(10):1035-1037.
[29]Hill K O, Meltz G. Fiber bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview.Journal of Lightwave Technology,1997,15(8):1263-1276.
[30]信思金,梁磊,左军.光纤光栅传感技术在重大工程结构诊断与监测中的应用.河南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,26(3):52-56.(Xin S J,Liang L,Zuo J.Application of FBG sensing technology on diagnosis and monitoring in major engineeringstructure. JournalofHenan University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2005,26(3):52-56.)