交直流混联系统联络线功率振荡分析与抑制
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摘要
在交直流混联电力系统中,直流再启动和直流闭锁会对交流联络线产生不同的冲击,从而影响电网的安全稳定运行。为此,分析了直流再启动和直流闭锁对交流联络线影响的数学机理和不同过程中影响交流联络线功率振荡的因素。结果表明:直流再启动时间越长引发的功率振荡越大,合理配置电力系统稳定器(PSS)可以有效抑制该类型振荡;直流闭锁时功率大范围转移造成的区域阻尼下降是导致交流联络线功率发散振荡的原因,切机与PSS配合对直流闭锁造成的功率振荡有良好的抑制效果;在直流重启动和闭锁的过程中,保证系统稳定的前提下,励磁调节器增益越大,交流联络线功率振荡衰减就越快;水流惯性时间常数对直流再启动造成的功率波动影响不明显,但直流闭锁后,较小的水流惯性时间常数易导致联络线功率等幅振荡。研究结果对于交直流混联系统的运行稳定性具有一定的参考价值。
In the AC-DC hybrid transmission grid, DC restarting and DC blocking will have different impacts on the AC tie-line, thus affecting the security and stability of the grid. We analyzed the mathematical mechanism of the influence caused by DC restarting and DC blocking and influencing factors of AC tie-line power oscillation. The results show that the greater power oscillations will be caused by the longer DC restarting time. Rational allocation of power system stabilizer(PSS) can effectively suppress this type of oscillation. The reason for the AC tie-line power diverging oscillation is the decrease of area-damping which is caused by power flow transfers when DC blocks. Cooperation of generator-tripping and power system stabilizer has excellent control effect on oscillation caused by DC blocking. At the premise of power network stability, the attenuation processes of AC tie-line power oscillation become faster as the excitation regulator gain increases, during the process of DC restarting and DC blocking. The water inertial time has no obvious influences on power oscillation caused by DC restarting, but persistent oscillation will be caused by smaller water inertial time when the DC blocks. The research results will provide references for the stable operation of AC-DC hybrid transmission grid of the tie-line in AC-DC hybrid transmission grid during the process of by DC restarting and DC blocking.
In the AC-DC hybrid transmission grid, DC restarting and DC blocking will have different impacts on the AC tie-line, thus affecting the security and stability of the grid. We analyzed the mathematical mechanism of the influence caused by DC restarting and DC blocking and influencing factors of AC tie-line power oscillation. The results show that the greater power oscillations will be caused by the longer DC restarting time. Rational allocation of power system stabilizer(PSS) can effectively suppress this type of oscillation. The reason for the AC tie-line power diverging oscillation is the decrease of area-damping which is caused by power flow transfers when DC blocks. Cooperation of generator-tripping and power system stabilizer has excellent control effect on oscillation caused by DC blocking. At the premise of power network stability, the attenuation processes of AC tie-line power oscillation become faster as the excitation regulator gain increases, during the process of DC restarting and DC blocking. The water inertial time has no obvious influences on power oscillation caused by DC restarting, but persistent oscillation will be caused by smaller water inertial time when the DC blocks. The research results will provide references for the stable operation of AC-DC hybrid transmission grid of the tie-line in AC-DC hybrid transmission grid during the process of by DC restarting and DC blocking.
引文
[1]杨晓萍.高压直流输电与柔性交流输电[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010.YANG Xiaoping.High voltage direct current transmission and flexible AC transmission[M].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2010.
[2]中国电力科学研究院.特高压输电技术直流输电分册[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2012.China Electric Power Research Institute.UHV transmission technology-direct current transmission[M].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2012.
[3]饶宏,张东辉,赵晓斌,等.特高压直流输电的实践和分析[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2481-2488.RAO Hong,ZHANG Donghui,ZHAO Xiaobin,et al.Practice and analysis of UHVDC power transmission[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2481-2488.
[4]李明节.大规模特高压交直流混联电网特性分析与运行控制[J].电网技术,2016,40(4):985-991.LI Mingjie.Characteristic analysis and operational control of large-scale hybrid UHV AC/DC power grids[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(4):985-991.
[5]郑超,汤涌,马世英,等.直流参与稳定控制的典型场景及技术需求[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3750-3759.ZHENG Chao,TANG Yong,MA Shiying,et al.A survey on typical scenarios and technology needs for HVDC participated into stability control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3750-3759.
[6]李国栋,皮俊波,郑力,等.±500 k V林枫直流双极闭锁故障案例仿真分析[J].电网技术,2014,38(4):877-881.LI Guodong,PI Junbo,ZHENG Li,et al.Simulation analysis on case of bipolar blocking in±500 k V EHVDC power transmission line from Tuanlin to Fengjing[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(4):877-881.
[7]蔡泽祥,李佳曼,余超耘,等.直流扰动对交流继电保护动态行为的影响[J].高电压技术,2016,42(10):3246-3252.CAI Zexiang,LI Jiaman,YU Chaoyun,et al.Impact of DC disturbances on AC protective relaying dynamic behavior[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(10):3246-3252.
[8]洪潮.云广特高压直流孤岛运行方式下单极闭锁故障分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(7):1801-1807.HONG Chao.Mono-polar blocking fault analysis of Yunnan-Guangdong UHVDC system islanding operation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(7):1801-1807.
[9]雷霄,郭强,张硕,等.改善交直流输电系统故障恢复特性的直流功率能量面积补偿方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1),136-142.LEI Xiao,GUO Qiang,ZHANG Shuo,et al.Energy area compensation method of DC power for improving recovery characteristic of AC/DC transmission system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):136-142.
[10]任大伟,赵兵,张健,等.仿真分析中负荷模型对特高压联络线峰值功率转移比的影响[J].高电压技术,2015,41(11):3715-3720.REN Dawei,ZHAO Bing,ZHANG Jian,et al.Influence of load model on UHV tie-line peak power transfer ratio in simulation analysis[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(11):3715-3720.
[11]陈灿旭.一起交直流混联系统事故原因分析及整改措施[J].电网技术,2014,38(5):1328-1333.CHEN Canxu.Analysis on cause of an accident in AC/DC hybrid system and rectification measures[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(5):1328-1333.
[12]刘可真,梁松涛,束洪春,等.过渡电阻对特高压交直流混联电网暂态功率倒向的影响分析[J].高电压技术,2015,41(4):1257-1261.LIU Kezhen,LIANG Songtao,SHU Hongchun,et al.Influence of transition resistance on transient power converse in UHV AC/DC hybrid power system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(4):1257-1261.
[13]汤涌,孙华东,易俊,等.两大区互联系统交流联络线功率波动机制与峰值计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(19):46-48.TANG Yong,SUN Huadong,YI Jun,et al.AC tie-line power fluctuation mechanism and peak value calculation for two-area interconnected power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(19):46-48.
[14]洪峰,陈金富,段献忠,等.弱互联大区电网联络线功率振荡研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(10):1-5.HONG Feng,CHEN Jinfu,DUAN Xianzhong,et al.Research on tie line power flow oscillation in weak interconnection power grids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(10):1-5.
[15]郑传材,管霖.云广特高压直流故障特性及其强迫停运对受端系统影响评估[J].电网技术,2012,36(1):32-38.ZHENG Chuancai,GUAN Lin.Assessment on fault characteristics of Yunnan to Guangdong UHVDC transmission and the influence of forced outage on power system at receiving end[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(1):32-38.
[16]董晨,张海波,李亚男,等.高岭背靠背直流工程安全稳定控制策略[J].电网技术,2015,39(5):1240-1245.DONG Chen,ZHANG Haibo,LI Yanan,et al.Security and stability control strategy of Gaoling back-to-back HVDC project[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(5):1240-1245.
[17]吴萍,张健,屠竞哲,等.溪洛渡-浙西特高压直流投运后系统稳定特性及协调控制策略[J].电网技术,2014,38(7):1873-1878.WU Ping,ZHANG Jian,TU Jingzhe,et al.Stability characteristics and coordinated control strategy of grid-integrated UHVDC transmission line from Xiluodu to Zhexi[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(7):1873-1878.
[18]朱红萍,罗隆福.直流调制策略改善交直流混联系统的频率稳定性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(16):36-43.ZHU Hongping,LUO Longfu.Improving frequency stability of parallel AC-DC hybrid systems by power modulation strategy of HVDC link[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(16):36-43.
[19]沈郁,陈伟彪,姚伟,等.采用新型自适应动态规划算法的柔性直流输电附加阻尼控制[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3768-3774.SHEN Yu,CHEN Weibiao,YAO Wei,et al.Supplementary damping control of VSC-HVDC transmission system using a novel heuristic dynamic programming[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3768-3774.
[20]丁媛媛,刘天琪,李保宏,等.基于等效解耦过程的交直流协调控制鲁棒稳定性研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(7):1952-1956.DING Yuanyuan,LIU Tianqi,LI Baohong,et al.Research on coordinated control robust stability index of HVDC and PSS supplementary damping control based on effective open-loop process theorem[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(7):1952-1956.
[21]席剑辉,王艳辉,王昱,等.控制工程基础[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2012.XI Jianhui,WANG Yanhui,WANG Yu,et al.Introduction to control engineering[M].Beijing,China:National Defence Industry Press,2012.
[22]张建设,黄伟强,张立滨.兴安直流双极闭锁反事故措施实时仿真研究[J].南方电网技术,2008,2(4):84-85.ZHANG Jianshe,HUANG Weiqiang,ZHANG Libin.Real-time simulation study on anti-accident measures of bipolar block in Xing-An HVDC project[J].Southern Power System Technology Echnology,2008,2(4):84-85.
[23]隋国平.云广特高压直流输电线路双极闭锁时安稳装置的动作分析[J].高电压技术,2012,38(2):421-426.SUI Guoping.Power safe system analysis of±800 k V Yun-Guang UHVDC when bipole blocking[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(2):421-426.
[24]董明齐.电力系统弱阻尼的研究和控制[D].北京:华北电力大学,2007.DONG Mingqi.Study on lacking-damping of power system and its control[D].Beijing,China:North China Electric Power University,2007.
[25]汤凡,刘天琪,李兴源.大型水电机组与交直流互联电网的耦合作用[J].电网技术,2011,35(3):39-43.TANG Fan,LIU Tianqi,LI Xingyuan.Analysis on coupling of large hydraulic turbine with AC-DC interconnected power system[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(3):39-43.
[2]中国电力科学研究院.特高压输电技术直流输电分册[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2012.China Electric Power Research Institute.UHV transmission technology-direct current transmission[M].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2012.
[3]饶宏,张东辉,赵晓斌,等.特高压直流输电的实践和分析[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2481-2488.RAO Hong,ZHANG Donghui,ZHAO Xiaobin,et al.Practice and analysis of UHVDC power transmission[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2481-2488.
[4]李明节.大规模特高压交直流混联电网特性分析与运行控制[J].电网技术,2016,40(4):985-991.LI Mingjie.Characteristic analysis and operational control of large-scale hybrid UHV AC/DC power grids[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(4):985-991.
[5]郑超,汤涌,马世英,等.直流参与稳定控制的典型场景及技术需求[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3750-3759.ZHENG Chao,TANG Yong,MA Shiying,et al.A survey on typical scenarios and technology needs for HVDC participated into stability control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3750-3759.
[6]李国栋,皮俊波,郑力,等.±500 k V林枫直流双极闭锁故障案例仿真分析[J].电网技术,2014,38(4):877-881.LI Guodong,PI Junbo,ZHENG Li,et al.Simulation analysis on case of bipolar blocking in±500 k V EHVDC power transmission line from Tuanlin to Fengjing[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(4):877-881.
[7]蔡泽祥,李佳曼,余超耘,等.直流扰动对交流继电保护动态行为的影响[J].高电压技术,2016,42(10):3246-3252.CAI Zexiang,LI Jiaman,YU Chaoyun,et al.Impact of DC disturbances on AC protective relaying dynamic behavior[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(10):3246-3252.
[8]洪潮.云广特高压直流孤岛运行方式下单极闭锁故障分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(7):1801-1807.HONG Chao.Mono-polar blocking fault analysis of Yunnan-Guangdong UHVDC system islanding operation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(7):1801-1807.
[9]雷霄,郭强,张硕,等.改善交直流输电系统故障恢复特性的直流功率能量面积补偿方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1),136-142.LEI Xiao,GUO Qiang,ZHANG Shuo,et al.Energy area compensation method of DC power for improving recovery characteristic of AC/DC transmission system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):136-142.
[10]任大伟,赵兵,张健,等.仿真分析中负荷模型对特高压联络线峰值功率转移比的影响[J].高电压技术,2015,41(11):3715-3720.REN Dawei,ZHAO Bing,ZHANG Jian,et al.Influence of load model on UHV tie-line peak power transfer ratio in simulation analysis[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(11):3715-3720.
[11]陈灿旭.一起交直流混联系统事故原因分析及整改措施[J].电网技术,2014,38(5):1328-1333.CHEN Canxu.Analysis on cause of an accident in AC/DC hybrid system and rectification measures[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(5):1328-1333.
[12]刘可真,梁松涛,束洪春,等.过渡电阻对特高压交直流混联电网暂态功率倒向的影响分析[J].高电压技术,2015,41(4):1257-1261.LIU Kezhen,LIANG Songtao,SHU Hongchun,et al.Influence of transition resistance on transient power converse in UHV AC/DC hybrid power system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(4):1257-1261.
[13]汤涌,孙华东,易俊,等.两大区互联系统交流联络线功率波动机制与峰值计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(19):46-48.TANG Yong,SUN Huadong,YI Jun,et al.AC tie-line power fluctuation mechanism and peak value calculation for two-area interconnected power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(19):46-48.
[14]洪峰,陈金富,段献忠,等.弱互联大区电网联络线功率振荡研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(10):1-5.HONG Feng,CHEN Jinfu,DUAN Xianzhong,et al.Research on tie line power flow oscillation in weak interconnection power grids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(10):1-5.
[15]郑传材,管霖.云广特高压直流故障特性及其强迫停运对受端系统影响评估[J].电网技术,2012,36(1):32-38.ZHENG Chuancai,GUAN Lin.Assessment on fault characteristics of Yunnan to Guangdong UHVDC transmission and the influence of forced outage on power system at receiving end[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(1):32-38.
[16]董晨,张海波,李亚男,等.高岭背靠背直流工程安全稳定控制策略[J].电网技术,2015,39(5):1240-1245.DONG Chen,ZHANG Haibo,LI Yanan,et al.Security and stability control strategy of Gaoling back-to-back HVDC project[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(5):1240-1245.
[17]吴萍,张健,屠竞哲,等.溪洛渡-浙西特高压直流投运后系统稳定特性及协调控制策略[J].电网技术,2014,38(7):1873-1878.WU Ping,ZHANG Jian,TU Jingzhe,et al.Stability characteristics and coordinated control strategy of grid-integrated UHVDC transmission line from Xiluodu to Zhexi[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(7):1873-1878.
[18]朱红萍,罗隆福.直流调制策略改善交直流混联系统的频率稳定性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(16):36-43.ZHU Hongping,LUO Longfu.Improving frequency stability of parallel AC-DC hybrid systems by power modulation strategy of HVDC link[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(16):36-43.
[19]沈郁,陈伟彪,姚伟,等.采用新型自适应动态规划算法的柔性直流输电附加阻尼控制[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3768-3774.SHEN Yu,CHEN Weibiao,YAO Wei,et al.Supplementary damping control of VSC-HVDC transmission system using a novel heuristic dynamic programming[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3768-3774.
[20]丁媛媛,刘天琪,李保宏,等.基于等效解耦过程的交直流协调控制鲁棒稳定性研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(7):1952-1956.DING Yuanyuan,LIU Tianqi,LI Baohong,et al.Research on coordinated control robust stability index of HVDC and PSS supplementary damping control based on effective open-loop process theorem[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(7):1952-1956.
[21]席剑辉,王艳辉,王昱,等.控制工程基础[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2012.XI Jianhui,WANG Yanhui,WANG Yu,et al.Introduction to control engineering[M].Beijing,China:National Defence Industry Press,2012.
[22]张建设,黄伟强,张立滨.兴安直流双极闭锁反事故措施实时仿真研究[J].南方电网技术,2008,2(4):84-85.ZHANG Jianshe,HUANG Weiqiang,ZHANG Libin.Real-time simulation study on anti-accident measures of bipolar block in Xing-An HVDC project[J].Southern Power System Technology Echnology,2008,2(4):84-85.
[23]隋国平.云广特高压直流输电线路双极闭锁时安稳装置的动作分析[J].高电压技术,2012,38(2):421-426.SUI Guoping.Power safe system analysis of±800 k V Yun-Guang UHVDC when bipole blocking[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(2):421-426.
[24]董明齐.电力系统弱阻尼的研究和控制[D].北京:华北电力大学,2007.DONG Mingqi.Study on lacking-damping of power system and its control[D].Beijing,China:North China Electric Power University,2007.
[25]汤凡,刘天琪,李兴源.大型水电机组与交直流互联电网的耦合作用[J].电网技术,2011,35(3):39-43.TANG Fan,LIU Tianqi,LI Xingyuan.Analysis on coupling of large hydraulic turbine with AC-DC interconnected power system[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(3):39-43.