滑石吸附汽车尾气中重金属的方法研究
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摘要
在汽车怠速状态下,用滑石粉吸附汽车中重金属的最佳吸附条件为:滑石粉5 g,吸附时间10 min,有活性炭过滤棉,以电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定滑石一定时间吸附汽车尾气中Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Ba的量,以优级纯硝酸相同时间吸收尾气中重金属的量作为尾气中重金属的参考总量,结果表明,在滑石粉与活性炭过滤棉共同作用下,滑石粉对汽车尾气中的Zn、Pb、Ba、Cr、Cu、Ni均有一定的吸附效果,吸附量在0.03～15.21μg/g之间,吸附率在5.02%～73.16%之间。其中对Zn和Ba吸附效果最佳,吸附量分别为15.21μg/g和11.59μg/g,吸附率分别为73.16%和63.85%。滑石粉可作为汽车尾气的吸附剂。
The orthogonal test method was used to select the best adsorption conditions for talc to adsorb heavy metals in automobiles at idle speed.The best adsorption conditions were talc 5 g,adsorption time 10 min,activated carbon filter cotton.The amounts of Pb,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Ba were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS).It was regarded as the total of heavy metals in automobile exhaust gas that the amounts of heavy metals were absorbed by excellent purity nitric acid at the same time.Result have shown that:Under the joint action of talc and activated carbon filter cotton,talc has a certain adsorption effect of Zn,Pb,Ba,Cr,Cu,Ni in automobile exhaust gas.The adsorption capacity of talc for each element was between 0.03 and 15.21 μg/g for 30 min,and the adsorption rate was between 5.02% and 73.16%.The adsorption of Zn and Ba was the best.The adsorption capacity for 30 min was 15.21 μg/g and 11.59 μg/g respectively,and the adsorption rates were 73.16% and 63.85%,respectively.
The orthogonal test method was used to select the best adsorption conditions for talc to adsorb heavy metals in automobiles at idle speed.The best adsorption conditions were talc 5 g,adsorption time 10 min,activated carbon filter cotton.The amounts of Pb,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Ba were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS).It was regarded as the total of heavy metals in automobile exhaust gas that the amounts of heavy metals were absorbed by excellent purity nitric acid at the same time.Result have shown that:Under the joint action of talc and activated carbon filter cotton,talc has a certain adsorption effect of Zn,Pb,Ba,Cr,Cu,Ni in automobile exhaust gas.The adsorption capacity of talc for each element was between 0.03 and 15.21 μg/g for 30 min,and the adsorption rate was between 5.02% and 73.16%.The adsorption of Zn and Ba was the best.The adsorption capacity for 30 min was 15.21 μg/g and 11.59 μg/g respectively,and the adsorption rates were 73.16% and 63.85%,respectively.
引文
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[3] 查玉娥,于建,卞战强,等.铁改性滑石对水中砷的吸附性能[J].环境与健康杂志,2016,33(1):69-72.
[4] 张辉,杨超,刘德磊.不同类型水滑石对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能研究[J].应用化工,2015,44(12):2255-2259.
[5] Sahoo J K,Kumar A,Rout L,et al.An investigation of heavy metal adsorption by hexa-dentate ligand-modified magnetic nanocomposites[J].Separation Science and Technology,2018,53(6):863-876.
[6] Wajima T.A new carbonaceous adsorbent for heavy metal removal from aqueous solution prepared from paper sludge by sulfur-impregnation and pyrolysis[J].Process Safety & Environmental Protection,2017,112(Part B):342-352.
[7] 许云峰.滑石对水中Pb(Ⅱ)吸附性能研究[J].矿冶,2015,24(5):75-77.
[8] Sani H A,Ahmad M B,Saleh T A.Synthesis of zinc oxide/talc nanocomposite for enhanced lead adsorption from aqueous solutions[J].Rsc Advances,2016,6(110):108819-108827.
[9] Kalantari K,Afifi A M.Novel chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/talc composite for adsorption of heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solution[J].Separation Science & Technology,2018(53):2527-2535.
[10] 王金玉,黄志宇,吴洋,等.石墨烯及其复合材料在水处理方面的应用[J].应用化工,2017,46(11):2257-2261.
[11] 李沛,毛振宁.微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定糕粉中滑石粉的含量[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2015(7):969-971.
[12] Luo J,Jiang T,Li G,et al.Porous materials from thermally activated kaolinite:Preparation,characterization and application[J].Materials,2017,10(6):108819-108827.
[13] Rashed M N,Soltan M E,Ahmed M M,et al.Removal of heavy metals from wastewater by chemically activated sewage sludge[J].Environmental Engineering & Management Journal,2017,16(7):1531-1542.
[14] 赵景红,盛向军,陈新,等.滑石粉的X射线衍射快速定性筛选方法[J].冶金分析,2013,33(9):32-36.