基于颗粒结构的砾岩粒度分级探讨――以准噶尔盆地西北缘为例
|
摘要
国内外地质学研究中,"Udden-Wentworth"的碎屑沉积粒度方案在砂岩分级中取得较好的应用.然而,对于粗碎屑砾岩因粒径跨度较大和缺乏地质成因的结构成因特征,在应用中受到限制.为此,本文从碎屑颗粒支撑结构出发,结合颗粒空间排列方式(最紧密和最松散两种极端排列方式),建立骨架颗粒与孔隙间填充颗粒的立体模型,计算出不同排列方式下填充颗粒的最大粒径,得到砾岩不同支撑类型的粒径临界值:5 mm、47 mm、87 mm及188 mm.由此,在"Udden-Wentworth"碎屑沉积物粒度方案的基础上,进一步对中砾岩和粗砾岩进行划分.将本方案应用于具体实例中,取得了良好的效果.
Recently, the "Udden–Wentworth" grain-size scale has been widely used as the standard for objective description of sand body, whereas it is under restrictions due to the broader grain-size and lack of structure and genesis characterization. So, this paper was based on the fabric of conglomerate, combined with the most closely and loose arrangement of particle space. Model of framework particles and filled particles was built, the maximum particle size was calculated at a different arrangement of the filled particles. Then the critical values of particle size between same-class clast-supported and various-class clast-supported gravel had been found: 5 mm, 47 mm,87 mm and 188 mm. Based on the grain-size classification of "Udden-Wentworth", the pebble and cobble were further discussed. Good results were obtained when applying this scheme to concrete examples.
Recently, the "Udden–Wentworth" grain-size scale has been widely used as the standard for objective description of sand body, whereas it is under restrictions due to the broader grain-size and lack of structure and genesis characterization. So, this paper was based on the fabric of conglomerate, combined with the most closely and loose arrangement of particle space. Model of framework particles and filled particles was built, the maximum particle size was calculated at a different arrangement of the filled particles. Then the critical values of particle size between same-class clast-supported and various-class clast-supported gravel had been found: 5 mm, 47 mm,87 mm and 188 mm. Based on the grain-size classification of "Udden-Wentworth", the pebble and cobble were further discussed. Good results were obtained when applying this scheme to concrete examples.
引文
[1]MACKENZIE F T,GARRELS R M.Evolution of sedimentary rocks[M].New York:Norton New York,1971.
[2]RICKENMANN D.Empirical relationships for debris flows[J].Natural Hazards,1999,19(1):47-77.
[3]姚宗全,于兴河,皇甫致远,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组粗碎屑粒度特征与环境指示意义[J].东北石油大学学报,2017,41(2):62-73.YAO Z Q,YU X H,HUANGFU Z Y,et al.Grain-size characteristics of coarse-grained clastic of Baikouquan formation in Mahu sagand its environment significance[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2017,41(2):62-73.(in Chinese)
[4]曹茜,王志章,樊太亮,等.基于FSVM法分岩性解释砂砾岩储层渗透率[J].新疆大学学报(自然科学版),2018,35(3):264-271.CAO Q,WANG Z Z,FAN T L,et al.Application of permeability interpretation based on fuzzy support vector machine in sandy conglomerate reservoir[J].Journal of Xinjiang University(Natural Science Edition),2018,35(3):264-271.(in Chinese)
[5]瞿建华,张磊,吴俊,等.玛湖凹陷西斜坡百口泉组砂砾岩储集层特征及物性控制因素[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(1):1-6.QU J H,ZHANG L,WU J,et al.Characteristics of sandy conglomerate reservoirs and controlling factors on physical properties of Baikouquan formation in the western slope of Mahu sag,Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(1):1-6.(in Chinese)
[6]WYSOCKA A,SWIERCZEWSKA A.Alluvial deposits from the strike-slip fault Lo River Basin(Oligocene/Miocene),Red River fault zone,north-western Vietnam[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2003,21(10):1097-1112.
[7]FELTON E A,CROOK K A,KEATING B H,et al.Sedimentology of rocky shorelines:4.Coarse gravel lithofacies,molluscan biofacies,and the stratigraphic and eustatic records in the type area of the Pleistocene Hulopoe Gravel,Lanai,Hawaii[J].Sedimentary Geology,2006,184(1):1-76.
[8]姚宗全,于兴河,高阳,等.地震多属性拟合技术在粗粒扇体沉积相图编制中的应用-以玛131井区百口泉组二段为例[J].沉积学报,2017,35(2):371-382.YAO Z Q,YU X H,GAO Y,et al.Application of multiple seismic attributes matching technology in mapping coarse-grain fan deposition:a case from triassic Baikouquan formation member 2 in Ma 131 area[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2017,35(2):371-382.(in Chinese)
[9]YAGISHITA K.Paleocurrent and fabric analyses of fluvial conglomerates of the Paleogene Noda Group,northeast Japan[J].Sedimentary Geology,1997,109(1):53-71.
[10]于兴河,瞿建华,谭程鹏,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲砾岩岩相及成因模式[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(6):619-627.YU X H,QU J H,TAN C P,et al.Conglomerate lithofacies and origin models of fan deltas of Baikouquan formation in Mahu sag,Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2014,35(6):619-627.(in Chinese)
[11]UDDEN J A.Mechanical composition of clastic sediments[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1914,25(1):655-744.
[12]WENTWORTH C K.A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments[J].The Journal of Geology,1922,30(5):377-392.
[13]FOLK R L,ANDREWS P B,LEWIS D.Detrital sedimentary rock classification and nomenclature for use in New Zealand[J].New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics,1970,13(4):937-968.
[14]KRUMBEIN W C.Size frequency distributions of sediments and the normal phi curve[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1938,8(3):84-90.
[15]BLAIR T C,MCPHERSON J G.Alluvial fans and their natural distinction from rivers based on morphology,hydraulic processes,sedimentary processes,and facies assemblages[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1994,64(3):450-489.
[16]BIRKELAND P W.Mean velocities and boulder transport during tahoe-age floods of the Truckee River,California-Nevada[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1968,79(1):137-142.
[17]YAO Z Q,YU X H,SHAN X,et al.Braided-meandering system evolution in the rock record:implications for climate control on the middle-upper Jurassic in the southern Junggar Basin,northwest China[J].Geological Journal,2018,53(6):2710-2731.
[18]BOULTON G S.Flow tills and related deposits on some Vestspitsbergen glaciers[J].Journal of Glaciology,1968,51(7):391-412.
[19]BOULTON G S.Boulder shapes and grain-size distributions of debris as indicators of transport paths through a glacier and till genesis[J].Sedimentology,1978,25(6):773-799.
[20]BLAIR T C.Sedimentary processes,vertical stratification sequences,and geomorphology of the Roaring River alluvial fan,Rocky Mountain National Park,Colorado[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1987,57(1):1-18.
[21]LUCCHITTA B K,FERGUSON H M,SUMMERS C.Sedimentary deposits in the northern lowland plains,mars[J].J Geophys Res,1986,91(B13):166.
[22]FLINT R F,SANDERS J E,RODGERS J.Symmictite:a name for nonsorted terrigenous sedimentary rocks that contain a wide range of particle sizes[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1960,71(4):507-510.
[23]FLINT R F,SANDERS J E,RODGERS J.Diamictite,a substitute term for symmictite[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1960,71(12):1809-1810.
[24]SCHERMERHORN L.Terminology of mixed coarse-fine sediments:NOTES[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1966,36(3):831-835.
[25]BLAIR T C,MCPHERSON J G.Grain-size and textural classification of coarse sedimentary particles[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1999,69(1):6-19.
[26]HJULSTROM F.Transportation of detritus by moving water:Part 1.Transportation[J].Acta Sociologica,1939,42(1):17-34.
[27]SUNDBORG ?.The River Klaralven:a study of fluvial processes[J].Geografiska Annaler,1956,38(3):238-316.
[28]张瑞瑾,谢鉴衡,王明甫.河流泥沙动力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1989.
[29]BOGGS S.Petrology of sedimentary rocks[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2009.
[30]MAJOR J J.Depositional processes in large-scale debris-flow experiments[J].The Journal of Geology,1997,105(3):345-366.
[31]黄芮,陈剑平,李会中,等.基于φ值粒度成分分析的泥石流动力特性[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2011,41(1):182-187.HUANG R,CHEN J P,LI H Z,et al.Dynmic characteristics of debris flow based on the granularmetric analysis of the value ofφ[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2011,41(1):182-187.(in Chinese)
[32]黄祺,陈宁生,朱云华,等.泥石流源区砾石土的粒度分形特征[J].山地学报,2012,30(5):578-584.HUANG Q,CHEN N S,ZHU Y H,et al.Particle size fractal characteristics of the gravel soil in original area of debris flow valleys[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2012,30(5):578-584.(in Chinese)
[33]姚宗全.红山嘴地区中下侏罗统含煤层系沉积成因与储层表征[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2018.YAO Z Q.The sedimentogenesis and reservoir characterization with coal measures of middle-lower Jurassic in Hongshanzui area of Junggar Basin[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2018.(in Chinese)
[2]RICKENMANN D.Empirical relationships for debris flows[J].Natural Hazards,1999,19(1):47-77.
[3]姚宗全,于兴河,皇甫致远,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组粗碎屑粒度特征与环境指示意义[J].东北石油大学学报,2017,41(2):62-73.YAO Z Q,YU X H,HUANGFU Z Y,et al.Grain-size characteristics of coarse-grained clastic of Baikouquan formation in Mahu sagand its environment significance[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2017,41(2):62-73.(in Chinese)
[4]曹茜,王志章,樊太亮,等.基于FSVM法分岩性解释砂砾岩储层渗透率[J].新疆大学学报(自然科学版),2018,35(3):264-271.CAO Q,WANG Z Z,FAN T L,et al.Application of permeability interpretation based on fuzzy support vector machine in sandy conglomerate reservoir[J].Journal of Xinjiang University(Natural Science Edition),2018,35(3):264-271.(in Chinese)
[5]瞿建华,张磊,吴俊,等.玛湖凹陷西斜坡百口泉组砂砾岩储集层特征及物性控制因素[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(1):1-6.QU J H,ZHANG L,WU J,et al.Characteristics of sandy conglomerate reservoirs and controlling factors on physical properties of Baikouquan formation in the western slope of Mahu sag,Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(1):1-6.(in Chinese)
[6]WYSOCKA A,SWIERCZEWSKA A.Alluvial deposits from the strike-slip fault Lo River Basin(Oligocene/Miocene),Red River fault zone,north-western Vietnam[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2003,21(10):1097-1112.
[7]FELTON E A,CROOK K A,KEATING B H,et al.Sedimentology of rocky shorelines:4.Coarse gravel lithofacies,molluscan biofacies,and the stratigraphic and eustatic records in the type area of the Pleistocene Hulopoe Gravel,Lanai,Hawaii[J].Sedimentary Geology,2006,184(1):1-76.
[8]姚宗全,于兴河,高阳,等.地震多属性拟合技术在粗粒扇体沉积相图编制中的应用-以玛131井区百口泉组二段为例[J].沉积学报,2017,35(2):371-382.YAO Z Q,YU X H,GAO Y,et al.Application of multiple seismic attributes matching technology in mapping coarse-grain fan deposition:a case from triassic Baikouquan formation member 2 in Ma 131 area[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2017,35(2):371-382.(in Chinese)
[9]YAGISHITA K.Paleocurrent and fabric analyses of fluvial conglomerates of the Paleogene Noda Group,northeast Japan[J].Sedimentary Geology,1997,109(1):53-71.
[10]于兴河,瞿建华,谭程鹏,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲砾岩岩相及成因模式[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(6):619-627.YU X H,QU J H,TAN C P,et al.Conglomerate lithofacies and origin models of fan deltas of Baikouquan formation in Mahu sag,Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2014,35(6):619-627.(in Chinese)
[11]UDDEN J A.Mechanical composition of clastic sediments[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1914,25(1):655-744.
[12]WENTWORTH C K.A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments[J].The Journal of Geology,1922,30(5):377-392.
[13]FOLK R L,ANDREWS P B,LEWIS D.Detrital sedimentary rock classification and nomenclature for use in New Zealand[J].New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics,1970,13(4):937-968.
[14]KRUMBEIN W C.Size frequency distributions of sediments and the normal phi curve[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1938,8(3):84-90.
[15]BLAIR T C,MCPHERSON J G.Alluvial fans and their natural distinction from rivers based on morphology,hydraulic processes,sedimentary processes,and facies assemblages[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1994,64(3):450-489.
[16]BIRKELAND P W.Mean velocities and boulder transport during tahoe-age floods of the Truckee River,California-Nevada[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1968,79(1):137-142.
[17]YAO Z Q,YU X H,SHAN X,et al.Braided-meandering system evolution in the rock record:implications for climate control on the middle-upper Jurassic in the southern Junggar Basin,northwest China[J].Geological Journal,2018,53(6):2710-2731.
[18]BOULTON G S.Flow tills and related deposits on some Vestspitsbergen glaciers[J].Journal of Glaciology,1968,51(7):391-412.
[19]BOULTON G S.Boulder shapes and grain-size distributions of debris as indicators of transport paths through a glacier and till genesis[J].Sedimentology,1978,25(6):773-799.
[20]BLAIR T C.Sedimentary processes,vertical stratification sequences,and geomorphology of the Roaring River alluvial fan,Rocky Mountain National Park,Colorado[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1987,57(1):1-18.
[21]LUCCHITTA B K,FERGUSON H M,SUMMERS C.Sedimentary deposits in the northern lowland plains,mars[J].J Geophys Res,1986,91(B13):166.
[22]FLINT R F,SANDERS J E,RODGERS J.Symmictite:a name for nonsorted terrigenous sedimentary rocks that contain a wide range of particle sizes[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1960,71(4):507-510.
[23]FLINT R F,SANDERS J E,RODGERS J.Diamictite,a substitute term for symmictite[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1960,71(12):1809-1810.
[24]SCHERMERHORN L.Terminology of mixed coarse-fine sediments:NOTES[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1966,36(3):831-835.
[25]BLAIR T C,MCPHERSON J G.Grain-size and textural classification of coarse sedimentary particles[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1999,69(1):6-19.
[26]HJULSTROM F.Transportation of detritus by moving water:Part 1.Transportation[J].Acta Sociologica,1939,42(1):17-34.
[27]SUNDBORG ?.The River Klaralven:a study of fluvial processes[J].Geografiska Annaler,1956,38(3):238-316.
[28]张瑞瑾,谢鉴衡,王明甫.河流泥沙动力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1989.
[29]BOGGS S.Petrology of sedimentary rocks[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2009.
[30]MAJOR J J.Depositional processes in large-scale debris-flow experiments[J].The Journal of Geology,1997,105(3):345-366.
[31]黄芮,陈剑平,李会中,等.基于φ值粒度成分分析的泥石流动力特性[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2011,41(1):182-187.HUANG R,CHEN J P,LI H Z,et al.Dynmic characteristics of debris flow based on the granularmetric analysis of the value ofφ[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2011,41(1):182-187.(in Chinese)
[32]黄祺,陈宁生,朱云华,等.泥石流源区砾石土的粒度分形特征[J].山地学报,2012,30(5):578-584.HUANG Q,CHEN N S,ZHU Y H,et al.Particle size fractal characteristics of the gravel soil in original area of debris flow valleys[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2012,30(5):578-584.(in Chinese)
[33]姚宗全.红山嘴地区中下侏罗统含煤层系沉积成因与储层表征[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2018.YAO Z Q.The sedimentogenesis and reservoir characterization with coal measures of middle-lower Jurassic in Hongshanzui area of Junggar Basin[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2018.(in Chinese)
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |