土壤粒度组成分析方法对比
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摘要
土壤粒度组成测定有多种方法,每种方法的原理不同,测得的结果存在显著差异。阐明不同方法测得粒组成存在差异的原因,选择恰当的方法或者建立不同测定方法之间的换算关系,对准确地确定土壤粒度组成具有重要意义。采用5种方法对5种土壤样品进行粒度测定,结果表明:吸管法测得平均粒径最小,且细颗粒含量较高;扫描电镜法测得平均粒径最大,且粗颗粒含量较高;除CaCO_3含量最高的土壤样品外,其他4种土壤样品用不同测定方法测得的粒度分布范围大致相同。吸管法与激光衍射法测得颗粒含量之间存在显著相关关系,扫描电镜法与筛析-激光衍射法的粗颗粒之间也存在显著相关关系。筛析-激光衍射法的测定结果适用于土壤风蚀研究,扫描电镜法适用于测定粒度分布范围较窄的土壤样品,激光衍射法适用于测定团聚体较少的土壤样品。
There are many methods for determining particle-size distribution of soil sample.As the principle of each method is different,the results are not the same.In order to measure the particle size precisely,it is very important to reveal the reasons for the different results obtained by different methods,to select proper methods,and to establish the conversion relationship.In this study,we used five methods to measure particle-size distribution of five soil samples.The results showed that the average particle size measured by Sievepipette method(SPM)is the smallest among all the methods,with the largest portion of fine particles;while the average particle size measured by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)is the biggest,with the largest portion of coarse particles.Except the soil sample with high CaCO_3 content,the particle size distributions of all other four samples are very similar when measured using different methods.The conversion relationship could be established between SPM and LD,while the conversion relationship could be established between SLD1 and SEM only for sand and silt fractions.Generally speaking,the results measured by S-LD1 are the most reliable in study of wind erosion.The results measured by SEM are suitable for samples with narrow particle size distributions,and the results measured by laser diffraction method(LD)are reliable for soils with lesssoil aggregate.
There are many methods for determining particle-size distribution of soil sample.As the principle of each method is different,the results are not the same.In order to measure the particle size precisely,it is very important to reveal the reasons for the different results obtained by different methods,to select proper methods,and to establish the conversion relationship.In this study,we used five methods to measure particle-size distribution of five soil samples.The results showed that the average particle size measured by Sievepipette method(SPM)is the smallest among all the methods,with the largest portion of fine particles;while the average particle size measured by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)is the biggest,with the largest portion of coarse particles.Except the soil sample with high CaCO_3 content,the particle size distributions of all other four samples are very similar when measured using different methods.The conversion relationship could be established between SPM and LD,while the conversion relationship could be established between SLD1 and SEM only for sand and silt fractions.Generally speaking,the results measured by S-LD1 are the most reliable in study of wind erosion.The results measured by SEM are suitable for samples with narrow particle size distributions,and the results measured by laser diffraction method(LD)are reliable for soils with lesssoil aggregate.
引文
[1]黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[2]Gee G W,Bauder J W.Particle-size analysis[M]//Klute A.Methods of Soil Analysis:Part 1.Physical and Mineralogical Methods.Madison,USA:Soil Science Society of America,1986:383-411.
[3]吴正.中国沙漠及其治理[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:367-370.
[4]Syvitski J P M,Leblanc K W G,Asprey K W.Principles,Methods and Application of Particle Size Analysis[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,1991:174-193
[5]Stefano C D,Ferro V,Mirabile S.Comparison between grainsize analyses using laser diffraction and sedimentation methods[J].Biosystems Engineering,2010,106(2):205-215.
[6]Allen T.颗粒大小测定[M].喇华璞,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1984:197-229.
[7]李晓玲,温美丽,高晓飞,等.吸管法与激光粒度仪法测定土壤机械组成的比较研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015(3):57-59.
[8]Ramaswamy V,Rao P S.Grain Size Analysis of Sediments from the Northern Andaman Sea:comparison of Laser diffraction and sieve-pipette techniques[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2006,22(4):1000-1009.
[9]Beuselinck L,Govers G,Poesen J,et al.Grain-size analysis by laser diffractometry:comparison with the sieve-pipette method[J].Catena,1998,32(3/4):193-208.
[10]杨艳芳,李德成,杨金玲,等.激光衍射法和吸管法分析黏性富铁土颗粒粒径分布的比较[J].土壤学报,2008,45(3):405-412.
[11]冯腾,陈洪松,张伟,等.激光粒度仪与沉降吸管法测定喀斯特地区土壤机械组成的对比研究[J].农业现代化研究,2013(01):100-103.
[12]王伟鹏,刘建立,张佳宝,等.基于激光衍射的土壤粒径测定法的评价与校正[J].农业工程学报,2014(22):163-169.
[13]Eshel G,Levy G J,Mingelgrin U,et al.Critical evaluation of the use of laser diffraction for particle-size distribution analysis[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2004,68(3):736-743.
[14]杨金玲,张甘霖,李德成,等.激光法与湿筛-吸管法测定土壤颗粒组成的转换及质地确定[J].土壤学报,2009,46(5):772-780.
[15]Buurman P,Pape T,Reijneveld J A,et al.Laser-diffraction and pipette-method grain size of Dutch sediments:correlations for fine fractions of marine,fluvial,Buurman P,Pape T,Reijneveld J A,et al.and loess samples[J].Geologie En Mijnbouw,2001,80(2):49-57.
[16]Konert M,Vandenberghe J.Comparison of laser grain size analysis with pipette and sieve analysis:a solution for the underestimation of the clay fraction[J].Sedimentology,1997,44(3):523-535.
[17]Wang W P,Liu J L,Zhang J B,et al.Evaluation of laser diffraction analysis of particle size distribution of typical soils in china and comparison with the sieve-pipette method[J].Soil Science,2013,178(4):194-204.
[18]Pieri L,Bittelli M,Pisa P R.Laser diffraction,transmission electron microscopy and image analysis to evaluate a bimodal Gaussian model for particle size distribution in soils[J].Geoderma,2006,135(11):118-132.
[19]程鹏,高抒,李徐生.激光粒度仪测试结果及其与沉降法、筛析法的比较[J].沉积学报,2001,19(3):449-455.
[20]冷伟,范代读.联用筛析法与激光法进行粒度接序分析的界点选择[J].沉积学报,2014,32(3):478-484.
[21]Rodríguez J G,Uriarte A.Laser diffraction and dry-sieving grain size analyses undertaken on fine-and medium-grained sandy marine sediments:a note[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2016,25(1):257-264.
[22]王慎文,谢春安,唐渊明,等.激光法粒度筛析校正研究[J].沉积学报,2012,30(4):716-723
[23]Sahu B K.Theory of sieving[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1965,35(3):750-753.
[24]Dur J C,Elsass F,Chaplain V,et al.The relationship between particle-size distribution by laser granulometry and image analysis by transmission electron microscopy in a soil clay fraction[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2004,55(2):265-270.
[25]杨铁笙,詹秀玲.图像处理技术用于泥沙颗粒分析的研究[J].中国粉体技术,1999,5(6):13-19.
[26]Hong C,Tang H W,Yun L,et al.Measurement of particle size based on digital imaging technique[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2013,25(2):242-248.
[27]王仁德,邹学勇,赵婧妍.北京市农田风蚀的野外观测研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(2):400-406.
[28]赵聪敏.塔克拉玛干沙漠沙粒形貌特征分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学,2012.
[29]张超,陈学刚,权晓燕,等.乌鲁木齐城市土壤粒度特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2015(2):213-218.
[30]邱梦如,李慧茹,王汝幸,等.利用扫描电镜法统计颗粒粒径分布的最小样本量[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(5):843-847.
[31]南宁,梅凡民,邵天杰,等.沙漠细沙筛分时间和投加量对干筛分析结果的影响[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(5):1260-1264..
[32]Buurman P,Pape T,Muggler C C.Laser grain-size determination in soil genetic studies 1.practical problems[J].Soil Science,1997,162(3):211-218.
[33]Blott S J,Pye K.Particle size distribution analysis of sandsized particles by laser diffraction:an experimental investigation of instrument sensitivity and the effects of particle shape[J].Sedimentology,2006,53(3):671-685.
[34]Chepil W S.Properties of soil which influence wind erosion.2.dry aggregate structure as an index of erodibility[J].Soil Science,1950,69(5):403-414.
[35]Chepil W S,Chepil W S.Properties of soil which influence wind erosion:V.mechanical stability of structure[J].Soil Science,1951,72(6):465-478.
[36]邹学勇,张春来,程宏,等.土壤风蚀模型中的影响因子分类与表达[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(8):875-889.
[37]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤物理研究室.土壤物理性质测定法[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.
[38]Stefano C D,Ferro V,Mirabile S.Comparison between grainsize analyses using laser diffraction and sedimentation methods[J].Biosystems Engineering,2010,106(2):205-215.
[39]蒲晓强,钟少军.不同的前处理方法对南黄海沉积物粒度测试的影响[J].海洋地质动态,2009,25(5):15-18.
[2]Gee G W,Bauder J W.Particle-size analysis[M]//Klute A.Methods of Soil Analysis:Part 1.Physical and Mineralogical Methods.Madison,USA:Soil Science Society of America,1986:383-411.
[3]吴正.中国沙漠及其治理[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:367-370.
[4]Syvitski J P M,Leblanc K W G,Asprey K W.Principles,Methods and Application of Particle Size Analysis[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,1991:174-193
[5]Stefano C D,Ferro V,Mirabile S.Comparison between grainsize analyses using laser diffraction and sedimentation methods[J].Biosystems Engineering,2010,106(2):205-215.
[6]Allen T.颗粒大小测定[M].喇华璞,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1984:197-229.
[7]李晓玲,温美丽,高晓飞,等.吸管法与激光粒度仪法测定土壤机械组成的比较研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015(3):57-59.
[8]Ramaswamy V,Rao P S.Grain Size Analysis of Sediments from the Northern Andaman Sea:comparison of Laser diffraction and sieve-pipette techniques[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2006,22(4):1000-1009.
[9]Beuselinck L,Govers G,Poesen J,et al.Grain-size analysis by laser diffractometry:comparison with the sieve-pipette method[J].Catena,1998,32(3/4):193-208.
[10]杨艳芳,李德成,杨金玲,等.激光衍射法和吸管法分析黏性富铁土颗粒粒径分布的比较[J].土壤学报,2008,45(3):405-412.
[11]冯腾,陈洪松,张伟,等.激光粒度仪与沉降吸管法测定喀斯特地区土壤机械组成的对比研究[J].农业现代化研究,2013(01):100-103.
[12]王伟鹏,刘建立,张佳宝,等.基于激光衍射的土壤粒径测定法的评价与校正[J].农业工程学报,2014(22):163-169.
[13]Eshel G,Levy G J,Mingelgrin U,et al.Critical evaluation of the use of laser diffraction for particle-size distribution analysis[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2004,68(3):736-743.
[14]杨金玲,张甘霖,李德成,等.激光法与湿筛-吸管法测定土壤颗粒组成的转换及质地确定[J].土壤学报,2009,46(5):772-780.
[15]Buurman P,Pape T,Reijneveld J A,et al.Laser-diffraction and pipette-method grain size of Dutch sediments:correlations for fine fractions of marine,fluvial,Buurman P,Pape T,Reijneveld J A,et al.and loess samples[J].Geologie En Mijnbouw,2001,80(2):49-57.
[16]Konert M,Vandenberghe J.Comparison of laser grain size analysis with pipette and sieve analysis:a solution for the underestimation of the clay fraction[J].Sedimentology,1997,44(3):523-535.
[17]Wang W P,Liu J L,Zhang J B,et al.Evaluation of laser diffraction analysis of particle size distribution of typical soils in china and comparison with the sieve-pipette method[J].Soil Science,2013,178(4):194-204.
[18]Pieri L,Bittelli M,Pisa P R.Laser diffraction,transmission electron microscopy and image analysis to evaluate a bimodal Gaussian model for particle size distribution in soils[J].Geoderma,2006,135(11):118-132.
[19]程鹏,高抒,李徐生.激光粒度仪测试结果及其与沉降法、筛析法的比较[J].沉积学报,2001,19(3):449-455.
[20]冷伟,范代读.联用筛析法与激光法进行粒度接序分析的界点选择[J].沉积学报,2014,32(3):478-484.
[21]Rodríguez J G,Uriarte A.Laser diffraction and dry-sieving grain size analyses undertaken on fine-and medium-grained sandy marine sediments:a note[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2016,25(1):257-264.
[22]王慎文,谢春安,唐渊明,等.激光法粒度筛析校正研究[J].沉积学报,2012,30(4):716-723
[23]Sahu B K.Theory of sieving[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1965,35(3):750-753.
[24]Dur J C,Elsass F,Chaplain V,et al.The relationship between particle-size distribution by laser granulometry and image analysis by transmission electron microscopy in a soil clay fraction[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2004,55(2):265-270.
[25]杨铁笙,詹秀玲.图像处理技术用于泥沙颗粒分析的研究[J].中国粉体技术,1999,5(6):13-19.
[26]Hong C,Tang H W,Yun L,et al.Measurement of particle size based on digital imaging technique[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2013,25(2):242-248.
[27]王仁德,邹学勇,赵婧妍.北京市农田风蚀的野外观测研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(2):400-406.
[28]赵聪敏.塔克拉玛干沙漠沙粒形貌特征分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学,2012.
[29]张超,陈学刚,权晓燕,等.乌鲁木齐城市土壤粒度特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2015(2):213-218.
[30]邱梦如,李慧茹,王汝幸,等.利用扫描电镜法统计颗粒粒径分布的最小样本量[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(5):843-847.
[31]南宁,梅凡民,邵天杰,等.沙漠细沙筛分时间和投加量对干筛分析结果的影响[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(5):1260-1264..
[32]Buurman P,Pape T,Muggler C C.Laser grain-size determination in soil genetic studies 1.practical problems[J].Soil Science,1997,162(3):211-218.
[33]Blott S J,Pye K.Particle size distribution analysis of sandsized particles by laser diffraction:an experimental investigation of instrument sensitivity and the effects of particle shape[J].Sedimentology,2006,53(3):671-685.
[34]Chepil W S.Properties of soil which influence wind erosion.2.dry aggregate structure as an index of erodibility[J].Soil Science,1950,69(5):403-414.
[35]Chepil W S,Chepil W S.Properties of soil which influence wind erosion:V.mechanical stability of structure[J].Soil Science,1951,72(6):465-478.
[36]邹学勇,张春来,程宏,等.土壤风蚀模型中的影响因子分类与表达[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(8):875-889.
[37]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤物理研究室.土壤物理性质测定法[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.
[38]Stefano C D,Ferro V,Mirabile S.Comparison between grainsize analyses using laser diffraction and sedimentation methods[J].Biosystems Engineering,2010,106(2):205-215.
[39]蒲晓强,钟少军.不同的前处理方法对南黄海沉积物粒度测试的影响[J].海洋地质动态,2009,25(5):15-18.