莱州湾地区滨海黄土研究
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摘要
莱州湾地区是山东半岛黄土的主要分布区,该区黄土按形成时代、岩性岩相的不同分为羊栏河组、大站组,分属于中更新统和上更新统,沉积相分别为风积相和冲洪积相,其中大站组黄土的形成和分布与晚更新世古气候、古地理环境密切相关。通过对莱州湾地区晚第四纪地层结构、岩相和第四纪测年资料的分析,可知大站组黄土垂向上分为上、下两段,分别形成于末次冰期的海洋氧同位素MIS2和MIS3b阶段。大站组黄土上段垂向上位于第Ⅰ,Ⅱ海侵层之间,分布面积较小,主要位于研究区南部黄土埠分布区;下段垂向上位于第Ⅱ海侵层的两个海相层之间,分布面积较大,地表未见露头。在岩性上,大站组黄土上、下段在粒度组成、物理力学性质上存在明显差异,反映出在沉积时间上的较大差距。对不同地貌区大站组黄土的粒度组成进行了对比,发现莱州湾南岸平原区黄土颗粒明显较莱州湾东岸丘陵区黄土粗,显示出两者在沉积方式上的不同,前者主要是以地面跳跃或风沙吹扬的方式堆积形成,后者则主要是以在空气中悬浮搬运的方式堆积而成。最后对研究区黄土的成因进行了分析,大站组黄土的空间分布、岩性、微体古生物特征均表明,黄土的物源为渤海陆架古海床干燥的晚更新世晚期海相沉积土,属于风成堆积物。
The Laizhou Bay area is the main distribution area of loess in the Shandong Peninsula.Based on their forming age,lithology and lithofacies,the loess of the area can be divided into Yanglanhe formation and Dazhan formation,which belong to Middle Pleistocene aeolian and Upper Pleistocene alluvial-diluvial sedimentary facies,respectively.The formation and distribution of Dazhan formation loess was close related to paleoclimate and paleo-geographic environment during Late Pleistocene.This study analyzed Later Quaternary stratum structure,lithofacies and Quaternary dating of Laizhou Bay area,and divided vertically the Dazhan formation loess into upper section and lower section,which were formed during Marine Isotope stage 2(MIS2)and Marine Isotope stage 3 b(MIS3 b)of the last glacial period,respectively.The upper section of Dazhan formation loess(with small area)locates between transgression stratum I and II vertically,and mainly distributes at Huangtubu at south of the study area.The lower section of the formation(with a large area)locates between two marine beds of transgression stratum II.Lithologically,these two sections have obivous differences in grain size composition and physical mechanical properties,reflecting big differences in sedimentary age.This study also compared the grain size compositions of Dazhan formation loess from different geomorphic area,and found that the loess grain size at south seashore plain of Laizhou Bay is much bigger than that at east seashore hills,reflecting some differences in deposition means.The former one was deposited mainly by means of ground surface jumping and wind sand blowing,and the latter was deposited mainly bu means of suspension transport in the air.Finally,we proposed that based on spatial distribution,lithology and micropaleontological characteristics of the Dazhan formation loess,the loess provenance is dry marine deposit soil of later period of Late Pleistocene at Bohai shelf paleo seabed,which belongs to aeolian deposits.
The Laizhou Bay area is the main distribution area of loess in the Shandong Peninsula.Based on their forming age,lithology and lithofacies,the loess of the area can be divided into Yanglanhe formation and Dazhan formation,which belong to Middle Pleistocene aeolian and Upper Pleistocene alluvial-diluvial sedimentary facies,respectively.The formation and distribution of Dazhan formation loess was close related to paleoclimate and paleo-geographic environment during Late Pleistocene.This study analyzed Later Quaternary stratum structure,lithofacies and Quaternary dating of Laizhou Bay area,and divided vertically the Dazhan formation loess into upper section and lower section,which were formed during Marine Isotope stage 2(MIS2)and Marine Isotope stage 3 b(MIS3 b)of the last glacial period,respectively.The upper section of Dazhan formation loess(with small area)locates between transgression stratum I and II vertically,and mainly distributes at Huangtubu at south of the study area.The lower section of the formation(with a large area)locates between two marine beds of transgression stratum II.Lithologically,these two sections have obivous differences in grain size composition and physical mechanical properties,reflecting big differences in sedimentary age.This study also compared the grain size compositions of Dazhan formation loess from different geomorphic area,and found that the loess grain size at south seashore plain of Laizhou Bay is much bigger than that at east seashore hills,reflecting some differences in deposition means.The former one was deposited mainly by means of ground surface jumping and wind sand blowing,and the latter was deposited mainly bu means of suspension transport in the air.Finally,we proposed that based on spatial distribution,lithology and micropaleontological characteristics of the Dazhan formation loess,the loess provenance is dry marine deposit soil of later period of Late Pleistocene at Bohai shelf paleo seabed,which belongs to aeolian deposits.
引文
[1] LIU D S,et al.Loess and environment[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985.刘东生,等.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[2] MAO J W.Quaternary system in Shandong[J].Shandong Geological,1987(2):84-85.毛家衢.山东第四系[J].山东地质,1987(2):84-85.
[3] Shandong Provincial No.4Institute of Geological and Mineral Survey.Regional geology of Shandong Province[M].Ji'nan:Map Publishing House of Shandong Province,2003.山东省第四地质矿产勘察院.山东省区域地质[M].济南:山东省地图出版社,2003.
[4] WANG Q,LI F L.The changes of marine-continental conditions in the west coast of the Bohai Gulf during Quaternary[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1983,3(4):85-88.王强,李凤林.渤海湾西岸第四纪海陆变迁[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1983,3(4):85-88.
[5] YAO Z Q,SHI X F.A review of Quaternary transgression researches along the Bohai Bay[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2015,31(2):9-16.姚政权,石学法.渤海湾沿岸第四纪海侵研究进展[J].海洋地质前缘,2015,31(2):9-16.
[6] ZHUANG Z Y,XU W D,LIU D S,et al.Division and environmental evolution of late Quaternary marine beds of S3hole in the Bohai Sea[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1999,19(2):27-35.庄振业,许卫东,刘东生,等.渤海南岸S3孔晚第四纪海相地层的划分及环境演变[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19(2):27-35.
[7] YAN Y Z,WANG H,LI F L,et al.Sedimentary environment and sea-level fluctuations revealed by Borehole BQ1on the west coast of the Bohai Bay[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(3):357-373.闫玉忠,王宏,李凤林,等.渤海西岸BQ1孔提示的沉积环境与海面波动[J].地质通报,2006,25(3):357-373.
[8] GUO F,GAO M S,HOU G H,et al.Geachemical characteristics of sediment in Core 07since the late Pleistocene in Lazhou Bay[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2016,38(3):145-155.郭飞,高茂生,侯国华,等.莱州湾07钻孔沉积物晚更新世以来的元素地球化学特征[J].海洋学报,2016,38(3):145-155.
[9] Williams M A J.Quaternary Environment[M].LIU D S,transl.Beijing:Science Press,1997.Williams M A J.第四纪环境[M].刘东生,译.北京:科学出版社,1997.
[10] XUE C T,DING D.Weihe River-Mihe River delta in south coast of Bohai Sea,China:sedimentary sequence and architecture[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008,28(5):672-676.薛春汀,丁东.渤海莱州湾南岸潍河-弥河三角洲:沉积序列和沉积格架[J].地理科学,2008,28(5):672-676.
[11] ZHANG Z L.Loess mounds on the Laizhou Bay ptain south of Bohai Sea and their paleogeographic implication[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1995,50(5):464-470.张祖陆.渤海莱州湾南岸平原黄土阜地貌及其古地理意义[J].地理学报,1995,50(5):464-470.
[12] LI J,WANG L,ZHAO H,et al.The significanae of foraminifera from loess along the coast of the bohali Sea for palaeow directions[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2002,76(3):409-411.李杰,旺罗,赵华,等.渤海沿岸黄土中有孔虫化石对古风场的指示意义[J].地质学报,2002,76(3):409-411.
[13] XU S J,WANG T.Optically stimulated luminescence dating and sedimentary characteristics of loess section at penglai in Shandong Province[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(2):296-297.徐树建,王涛.蓬莱黄土剖面光释光年代学及其沉积特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(2):296-297.
[14] PENG S Z,ZHU L J,XIAO G Q,et al.Magnetostratigraphy and provenance of the Qingzhou loess in Shandong Province[J].Arid Land Geography,2010,32(6):947-949.彭淑贞,朱丽君,肖国桥,等.山东青州黄土的地层年代及其物质来源研究[J].干旱区地理,2010,32(6):947-949.
[15] ZHANG Z L.Loess on the Laizhou Bay plain south of Bohai Sea[J].Haiyang Xuebao,1995,17(3):127-133.张祖陆.渤海莱州湾南岸滨海平原的黄土[J].海洋学报,1995,17(3):127-133.
[16] ZHENG H H,ZHU Z Y,HUANG B L,et al.A Study on loess geochronology of Shandong peninsula and northern part of Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1994,14(1):63-67.郑洪汉,朱照宇,黄宝林,等.山东半岛及苏皖北部黄土地层年代学研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1994,14(1):63-67.
[17] LI P Y,XU X Y,ZHAO S L.Coastal loess and ancient glacial relics[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2008.李培英,徐兴永,赵松龄.海岸带黄土与古冰川遗迹[M].北京:海洋出版社,2008.
[18] ZHAO Q H.Re-study on microfossils in loess of Miaodao,Bohai Sea[J].Science in China:Series D Eearth Sciences,1996,26(5):445-450.赵泉鸿.渤海庙岛黄土中微体化石再研究[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,1996,26(5):445-450.
(1)国土资源部水文地质工程地质研究所.1∶5万临淄幅、青州幅区域地质调查报告,1999.
[2] MAO J W.Quaternary system in Shandong[J].Shandong Geological,1987(2):84-85.毛家衢.山东第四系[J].山东地质,1987(2):84-85.
[3] Shandong Provincial No.4Institute of Geological and Mineral Survey.Regional geology of Shandong Province[M].Ji'nan:Map Publishing House of Shandong Province,2003.山东省第四地质矿产勘察院.山东省区域地质[M].济南:山东省地图出版社,2003.
[4] WANG Q,LI F L.The changes of marine-continental conditions in the west coast of the Bohai Gulf during Quaternary[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1983,3(4):85-88.王强,李凤林.渤海湾西岸第四纪海陆变迁[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1983,3(4):85-88.
[5] YAO Z Q,SHI X F.A review of Quaternary transgression researches along the Bohai Bay[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2015,31(2):9-16.姚政权,石学法.渤海湾沿岸第四纪海侵研究进展[J].海洋地质前缘,2015,31(2):9-16.
[6] ZHUANG Z Y,XU W D,LIU D S,et al.Division and environmental evolution of late Quaternary marine beds of S3hole in the Bohai Sea[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1999,19(2):27-35.庄振业,许卫东,刘东生,等.渤海南岸S3孔晚第四纪海相地层的划分及环境演变[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19(2):27-35.
[7] YAN Y Z,WANG H,LI F L,et al.Sedimentary environment and sea-level fluctuations revealed by Borehole BQ1on the west coast of the Bohai Bay[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(3):357-373.闫玉忠,王宏,李凤林,等.渤海西岸BQ1孔提示的沉积环境与海面波动[J].地质通报,2006,25(3):357-373.
[8] GUO F,GAO M S,HOU G H,et al.Geachemical characteristics of sediment in Core 07since the late Pleistocene in Lazhou Bay[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2016,38(3):145-155.郭飞,高茂生,侯国华,等.莱州湾07钻孔沉积物晚更新世以来的元素地球化学特征[J].海洋学报,2016,38(3):145-155.
[9] Williams M A J.Quaternary Environment[M].LIU D S,transl.Beijing:Science Press,1997.Williams M A J.第四纪环境[M].刘东生,译.北京:科学出版社,1997.
[10] XUE C T,DING D.Weihe River-Mihe River delta in south coast of Bohai Sea,China:sedimentary sequence and architecture[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008,28(5):672-676.薛春汀,丁东.渤海莱州湾南岸潍河-弥河三角洲:沉积序列和沉积格架[J].地理科学,2008,28(5):672-676.
[11] ZHANG Z L.Loess mounds on the Laizhou Bay ptain south of Bohai Sea and their paleogeographic implication[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1995,50(5):464-470.张祖陆.渤海莱州湾南岸平原黄土阜地貌及其古地理意义[J].地理学报,1995,50(5):464-470.
[12] LI J,WANG L,ZHAO H,et al.The significanae of foraminifera from loess along the coast of the bohali Sea for palaeow directions[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2002,76(3):409-411.李杰,旺罗,赵华,等.渤海沿岸黄土中有孔虫化石对古风场的指示意义[J].地质学报,2002,76(3):409-411.
[13] XU S J,WANG T.Optically stimulated luminescence dating and sedimentary characteristics of loess section at penglai in Shandong Province[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(2):296-297.徐树建,王涛.蓬莱黄土剖面光释光年代学及其沉积特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(2):296-297.
[14] PENG S Z,ZHU L J,XIAO G Q,et al.Magnetostratigraphy and provenance of the Qingzhou loess in Shandong Province[J].Arid Land Geography,2010,32(6):947-949.彭淑贞,朱丽君,肖国桥,等.山东青州黄土的地层年代及其物质来源研究[J].干旱区地理,2010,32(6):947-949.
[15] ZHANG Z L.Loess on the Laizhou Bay plain south of Bohai Sea[J].Haiyang Xuebao,1995,17(3):127-133.张祖陆.渤海莱州湾南岸滨海平原的黄土[J].海洋学报,1995,17(3):127-133.
[16] ZHENG H H,ZHU Z Y,HUANG B L,et al.A Study on loess geochronology of Shandong peninsula and northern part of Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1994,14(1):63-67.郑洪汉,朱照宇,黄宝林,等.山东半岛及苏皖北部黄土地层年代学研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1994,14(1):63-67.
[17] LI P Y,XU X Y,ZHAO S L.Coastal loess and ancient glacial relics[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2008.李培英,徐兴永,赵松龄.海岸带黄土与古冰川遗迹[M].北京:海洋出版社,2008.
[18] ZHAO Q H.Re-study on microfossils in loess of Miaodao,Bohai Sea[J].Science in China:Series D Eearth Sciences,1996,26(5):445-450.赵泉鸿.渤海庙岛黄土中微体化石再研究[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,1996,26(5):445-450.
(1)国土资源部水文地质工程地质研究所.1∶5万临淄幅、青州幅区域地质调查报告,1999.