豆粕替代鱼粉并添加精氨酸对点带石斑鱼消化酶活性和肠道组织结构的影响
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摘要
本试验采用3×3双因素试验设计研究豆粕替代鱼粉并补充精氨酸对点带石斑鱼消化能力及肠道组织结构的影响。设计20%、30%、40%3个豆粕替代水平和0%、0.5%、1%3个精氨酸添加水平,配置9种等氮等能(蛋白质为50%,能量为20 kJ/g)的试验饲料。选取1350尾初始体重为(47.91±3.54)g的点带石斑鱼随机分为9组,每组3个重复,每天两次饱食投喂,试验期为70 d。结果表明:双因素的交互作用显著影响了点带石斑鱼前肠和后肠的蛋白酶活性、中肠的淀粉酶活性、后肠的脂肪酶活性、前肠和中肠的肌层厚度及皱襞高度(P <0.05),对肠道的上皮细胞宽度和黏膜下层厚度无显著影响(P> 0.05)。随着豆粕替代水平的提高,后肠的蛋白酶活性、皱襞高度先上升后下降,肌层厚度则显著降低;随精氨酸添加水平升高,前肠和中肠蛋白酶活性先升高后降低,在精氨酸添加量为0%时,后肠蛋白酶活性随着替代水平的升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势,30%豆粕替代组比20%替代组提高了85.1%,比40%豆粕替代组提高了174%;后肠黏膜下层厚度、肌层厚度、皱襞高度随着精氨酸添加量水平升高均显著上升,最高值均发生在1%精氨酸添加组,与0.5%添加组无明显差异(P> 0.05),较0%添加组分别提高29.4%、16.4%、6.8%(P <0.05)。综上所述,当豆粕替代水平不超过30%,精氨酸添加量为0.5%～1%时,对点带石斑鱼较为有利。
A 3×3 double-factor experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary arginine level on the digestion ability,and intestinal structure of grouper in Epinephelus malabaricus under circumstance of dietary fishmeal protein replaced by soybean meal protein. Nine isonitrogenous(crude protein 50%) and isoenergetic(20 kJ/g) experimental diets were formulated to contain three replacement levels of fishmeal protein by soybean meal(20%,30% and 40 %,respectively) and three arginine supplemental levels(0%,0.5% and 1%,respectively).Each diet was randomly assigned to three replicates,and each replicate had 50 E.malabaricus with the average body weight of(47.91±3.54) g.The experiment lasted for 70 days. The results showed that the interaction of replacement levels of fishmeal by soybean meal and arginine supplemental levels had significant effects on the activities of protease foregut and hindgut,activities of amylase of midgut,activities of lipase of hindgut,the thickness of the muscle layer and the height of the fold of the midgut and foregut of E.malabaricus.With the increasing of replacement level,the activity of protease and the fold height of hindgut increased firstly,then reduced significantly,but the muscle layer thickness of hindgut reduced significantly.With the increasing of dietary arginine,the protease activity of foregut and midgut increased firstly and then decreased. When dietary arginine was 0%,the protease activity at 30% soybean meal replacement level was 85.1% higher than that at20% replacement level,and which was 174% higher than that at 40% replacement level.The thickness of submucosa and muscle layer as well as the fold height of the hindgut significantly increased with the increasing dietary arginine level,and the maximum occurred at 1% arginine level,which was 29.4%,16.4% and 6.8% higher than that at 0% arginine level,respectively.In conclusion,the optimal replacement level was no more than 30%and arginine supplemented level was 0.5% ～ 1%,which was better for E. Malabaricus.
A 3×3 double-factor experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary arginine level on the digestion ability,and intestinal structure of grouper in Epinephelus malabaricus under circumstance of dietary fishmeal protein replaced by soybean meal protein. Nine isonitrogenous(crude protein 50%) and isoenergetic(20 kJ/g) experimental diets were formulated to contain three replacement levels of fishmeal protein by soybean meal(20%,30% and 40 %,respectively) and three arginine supplemental levels(0%,0.5% and 1%,respectively).Each diet was randomly assigned to three replicates,and each replicate had 50 E.malabaricus with the average body weight of(47.91±3.54) g.The experiment lasted for 70 days. The results showed that the interaction of replacement levels of fishmeal by soybean meal and arginine supplemental levels had significant effects on the activities of protease foregut and hindgut,activities of amylase of midgut,activities of lipase of hindgut,the thickness of the muscle layer and the height of the fold of the midgut and foregut of E.malabaricus.With the increasing of replacement level,the activity of protease and the fold height of hindgut increased firstly,then reduced significantly,but the muscle layer thickness of hindgut reduced significantly.With the increasing of dietary arginine,the protease activity of foregut and midgut increased firstly and then decreased. When dietary arginine was 0%,the protease activity at 30% soybean meal replacement level was 85.1% higher than that at20% replacement level,and which was 174% higher than that at 40% replacement level.The thickness of submucosa and muscle layer as well as the fold height of the hindgut significantly increased with the increasing dietary arginine level,and the maximum occurred at 1% arginine level,which was 29.4%,16.4% and 6.8% higher than that at 0% arginine level,respectively.In conclusion,the optimal replacement level was no more than 30%and arginine supplemented level was 0.5% ～ 1%,which was better for E. Malabaricus.
引文
[1]陈启明.精氨酸对黄颡鱼生长、免疫及肠道健康的影响:[硕士学位论文][D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.
[2]迟淑艳,韩凤禄,谭北平,等.饲料精氨酸水平对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长和肠道形态的影响[J].水生生物学报,2016,40(2):388~394.
[3]李宗升.鸡肉粉、豆粕替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、消化酶活性及能量收支的影响:[硕士学位论文][D].大连:大连海洋大学,2016.
[4]罗智,刘永坚,麦康森,等.石斑鱼配合饲料中发酵豆粕和豆粕部分替代白鱼粉的研究[J].水产学报,2004,28(2):175~181.
[5]钱曦,王桂芹,周洪琪,等.饲料蛋白水平及豆粕替代鱼粉比例对翘嘴红鲌消化酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2007,19(2):182~187.
[6]王连生,吴俊光,徐奇友,等.饲料中精氨酸水平对杂交鲟幼鱼肠道消化酶活性及形态结构的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(1):51~55.
[7]王庆奎,赵海运,吕志敏,等.口服当归多糖对点带石斑鱼非特异性免疫力的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(22):13857~13860.
[8]吴莉芳,秦贵信,孙泽威,等.饲料中去皮豆粕替代鱼粉对埃及胡子鲇消化酶活力和肠道组织的影响[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2010,49(4):99~105.
[9]吴莉芳,瞿子惠,周锴,等.豆粕替代鱼粉对黄金鲈生长及肠道组织的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(6):1~8.
[10]杨彬彬,华颖,肖金星,等.棉粕替代部分鱼粉对黑鲷幼鱼消化酶活性及肠道组织结构的影响[J].扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2015,36(4):45~51.
[11]叶元土,蔡春芳.鱼类营养与饲料配制[M].化学工业出版社,2013,117~118.
[12]张锦秀.大豆蛋白源对幼建鲤生长性能及肠道免疫的影响:[硕士学位论文][D].雅安:四川农业大学,2003.
[13]周凡.饲料赖氨酸和精氨酸对黑鲷幼鱼生长影响及其拮抗作用机理研究:[博士学位论文][D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[14]邹文超,闫洋洋,杨红玲,等.豆粕部分替代鱼粉对斜带石斑鱼生长、消化酶活力和免疫功能的影响[J].饲料研究,2014,19:61~64.
[15]Cheng Z Y,Buentello J A,Gatlin D M III.Effects of dietary arginine and glutamine on growth performance,immune responses and intestinal structure of red drum,Sciaenops ocellatus[J].Aquaculture,2011,319(1):247~252.
[16]Cheng Z Y,Gatlin D M III,Buentello J A.Dietary supplementation of arginine and/or glutamine influences growth performance,immune responses and intestinal morphology of hybrid striped bass(Morone chrysops×Morone saxatilis)[J].Aquaculture,2012,362~363:39~43.
[17]Geda F,Rekecki A,Decostere A,et al.Changes in intestinal morphology and amino acid catabolism in common carp at mildly elevated temperature as affected by dietary mannanoligosaccharides[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2012,178(1):95~102.
[18]Gurbuz A T,Kunzelman J,Ratzer E E.Supplemental dietary arginine accelerates intestinal mucosal regeneration and enhances bacterial clearance following radiation enteritis in rats[J].Journal of Surgical Research,1998,74(2):149~154.
[19]Hedrera M I,Galdames J A,Jimenezreyes M F,et al.Soybean meal induces intestinal inflammation in zebrafish larvae[J].Plos One,2013,8(7):1~10.
[20]Kaushik S J,Coves D,Dutto G,et al.Almost total replacement of fish meal by plant protein sources in the diet of a marine teleost,the European seabass,Dicentrarchus labrax[J].Aquaculture,2004,230(1):391~404.
[21]Krogdahl A,Bakkemckellep A M,Baeverfjord G.Effects of graded levels of standard soybean meal on intestinal structure,mucosal enzyme activities,and pancreatic response in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2015,9(6):361~371.
[22]Li Y,Ai Q,Mai K,et al.Comparison of high-protein soybean meal and commercial soybean meal partly replacing fish meal on the activities of digestive enzymes and aminotransferases in juvenile Japanese seabass,Lateolabrax japonicas(Cuvier,1828)[J].Aquaculture Research,2014,45(6):1051-1060.
[23]Pohlenz C,Buentello A,Mwangi W.Arginine and glutamine supplementation to culture media improves the performance of various channel catfish immune cells[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2012,32(5):762~768.
[24]Refstie S,Storebakken T,Baeverfjord G,et al.Long-term protein and lipid growth of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)fed diets with partial replacement of fish meal by soy protein products at medium or high lipid level[J].Aquaculture,2001,193(1~2):91~106.
[25]Ribeiro L,Moura J,Santos M,et al.Effect of vegetable based diets on growth,intestinal morphology,activity of intestinal enzymes and haematological stress indicators in meagre(Argyrosomus regius)[J].Aquaculture,2014,447:116~128.
[26]Wu G.Functional amino acids in nutrition and health[J].Amino Acids,2013,45(3):407~411.
[27]Zhou Q,Buentello J A,Gatlin D M III.Effects of dietary prebiotics on growth performance,immune response and intestinal morphology of red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus)[J].Aquaculture,2010,309(1):253~257.
[2]迟淑艳,韩凤禄,谭北平,等.饲料精氨酸水平对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长和肠道形态的影响[J].水生生物学报,2016,40(2):388~394.
[3]李宗升.鸡肉粉、豆粕替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、消化酶活性及能量收支的影响:[硕士学位论文][D].大连:大连海洋大学,2016.
[4]罗智,刘永坚,麦康森,等.石斑鱼配合饲料中发酵豆粕和豆粕部分替代白鱼粉的研究[J].水产学报,2004,28(2):175~181.
[5]钱曦,王桂芹,周洪琪,等.饲料蛋白水平及豆粕替代鱼粉比例对翘嘴红鲌消化酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2007,19(2):182~187.
[6]王连生,吴俊光,徐奇友,等.饲料中精氨酸水平对杂交鲟幼鱼肠道消化酶活性及形态结构的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(1):51~55.
[7]王庆奎,赵海运,吕志敏,等.口服当归多糖对点带石斑鱼非特异性免疫力的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(22):13857~13860.
[8]吴莉芳,秦贵信,孙泽威,等.饲料中去皮豆粕替代鱼粉对埃及胡子鲇消化酶活力和肠道组织的影响[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2010,49(4):99~105.
[9]吴莉芳,瞿子惠,周锴,等.豆粕替代鱼粉对黄金鲈生长及肠道组织的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(6):1~8.
[10]杨彬彬,华颖,肖金星,等.棉粕替代部分鱼粉对黑鲷幼鱼消化酶活性及肠道组织结构的影响[J].扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2015,36(4):45~51.
[11]叶元土,蔡春芳.鱼类营养与饲料配制[M].化学工业出版社,2013,117~118.
[12]张锦秀.大豆蛋白源对幼建鲤生长性能及肠道免疫的影响:[硕士学位论文][D].雅安:四川农业大学,2003.
[13]周凡.饲料赖氨酸和精氨酸对黑鲷幼鱼生长影响及其拮抗作用机理研究:[博士学位论文][D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[14]邹文超,闫洋洋,杨红玲,等.豆粕部分替代鱼粉对斜带石斑鱼生长、消化酶活力和免疫功能的影响[J].饲料研究,2014,19:61~64.
[15]Cheng Z Y,Buentello J A,Gatlin D M III.Effects of dietary arginine and glutamine on growth performance,immune responses and intestinal structure of red drum,Sciaenops ocellatus[J].Aquaculture,2011,319(1):247~252.
[16]Cheng Z Y,Gatlin D M III,Buentello J A.Dietary supplementation of arginine and/or glutamine influences growth performance,immune responses and intestinal morphology of hybrid striped bass(Morone chrysops×Morone saxatilis)[J].Aquaculture,2012,362~363:39~43.
[17]Geda F,Rekecki A,Decostere A,et al.Changes in intestinal morphology and amino acid catabolism in common carp at mildly elevated temperature as affected by dietary mannanoligosaccharides[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2012,178(1):95~102.
[18]Gurbuz A T,Kunzelman J,Ratzer E E.Supplemental dietary arginine accelerates intestinal mucosal regeneration and enhances bacterial clearance following radiation enteritis in rats[J].Journal of Surgical Research,1998,74(2):149~154.
[19]Hedrera M I,Galdames J A,Jimenezreyes M F,et al.Soybean meal induces intestinal inflammation in zebrafish larvae[J].Plos One,2013,8(7):1~10.
[20]Kaushik S J,Coves D,Dutto G,et al.Almost total replacement of fish meal by plant protein sources in the diet of a marine teleost,the European seabass,Dicentrarchus labrax[J].Aquaculture,2004,230(1):391~404.
[21]Krogdahl A,Bakkemckellep A M,Baeverfjord G.Effects of graded levels of standard soybean meal on intestinal structure,mucosal enzyme activities,and pancreatic response in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2015,9(6):361~371.
[22]Li Y,Ai Q,Mai K,et al.Comparison of high-protein soybean meal and commercial soybean meal partly replacing fish meal on the activities of digestive enzymes and aminotransferases in juvenile Japanese seabass,Lateolabrax japonicas(Cuvier,1828)[J].Aquaculture Research,2014,45(6):1051-1060.
[23]Pohlenz C,Buentello A,Mwangi W.Arginine and glutamine supplementation to culture media improves the performance of various channel catfish immune cells[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2012,32(5):762~768.
[24]Refstie S,Storebakken T,Baeverfjord G,et al.Long-term protein and lipid growth of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)fed diets with partial replacement of fish meal by soy protein products at medium or high lipid level[J].Aquaculture,2001,193(1~2):91~106.
[25]Ribeiro L,Moura J,Santos M,et al.Effect of vegetable based diets on growth,intestinal morphology,activity of intestinal enzymes and haematological stress indicators in meagre(Argyrosomus regius)[J].Aquaculture,2014,447:116~128.
[26]Wu G.Functional amino acids in nutrition and health[J].Amino Acids,2013,45(3):407~411.
[27]Zhou Q,Buentello J A,Gatlin D M III.Effects of dietary prebiotics on growth performance,immune response and intestinal morphology of red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus)[J].Aquaculture,2010,309(1):253~257.