链式玉米精量播种机的设计与试验
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摘要
针对播种过程中出现的投种点高、种子与排种器和开沟器碰撞致使种子下落位置随机、播种均匀性差的问题,设计了一种链式玉米精量播种机。该播种机主要由外槽轮式排种装置、链式送种装置、传动装置及镇压装置等组成,窝眼轮式排种器精量取种与勺链式穴播器定点投种联合完成播种作业。为研究播种机前进速度、投种包角及投种高度对投种装置性能的影响,以播种株距合格率为指标进行了正交试验。结果表明:投种高度对株距合格率的影响显著,播种机前进速度对株距合格率有一定影响,投种包角对株距合格率的影响不显著;当播种机前进速度为1.5~2m/s、投种包角为30°~45°、投种高度为25~30mm时,株距合格率为96.79%~99.6 7%。田间试验表明,该玉米精量播种机的株距合格率大于9 5%,单粒率≥9 0,空穴率小于5,满足玉米精量播种的要求。
To solving the problem of high seeding point,seed collisions with seed metering tube and opener occurred in the traditional seeding machines,which result in seed drop position to be random and poor seeding uniformity of rowing spacing and seed spacing,a new kind of spoon-chain corn precision seeder was designed. The seeding machine is mainly composed of the nesting wheel seeding device,the chain type feeding device,the transmission mechanism,the compression device and so on. It completes the sowing job mainly through accurate seeding of the nesting wheel seeding device and the fixed point seed dropping of the chain type feeding device. In order to study the influence of the planter's speed,the planting angle and the planting height on the performance of the seeding device,the orthogonal test was carried out with the qualified rate of the seeding. The results of orthogonal test show that when the seeding speed is between 1. 5 m/s to 2 m/s,the injection angle is between 30° to 45°,and the dropping height is between 25 mm to 30 mm,the qualified rate can reach to 96. 79% ~ 99. 67%. Then field experiment results indicated that the qualified index of seed spacing were more than 95%,the single grain rate can reach to 90 %,uniformity of planting depth were 88. 5%,and the hole rate is less than 5%,which is consistent with the orthogonal test results to meet the requirement of corn seeding.
To solving the problem of high seeding point,seed collisions with seed metering tube and opener occurred in the traditional seeding machines,which result in seed drop position to be random and poor seeding uniformity of rowing spacing and seed spacing,a new kind of spoon-chain corn precision seeder was designed. The seeding machine is mainly composed of the nesting wheel seeding device,the chain type feeding device,the transmission mechanism,the compression device and so on. It completes the sowing job mainly through accurate seeding of the nesting wheel seeding device and the fixed point seed dropping of the chain type feeding device. In order to study the influence of the planter's speed,the planting angle and the planting height on the performance of the seeding device,the orthogonal test was carried out with the qualified rate of the seeding. The results of orthogonal test show that when the seeding speed is between 1. 5 m/s to 2 m/s,the injection angle is between 30° to 45°,and the dropping height is between 25 mm to 30 mm,the qualified rate can reach to 96. 79% ~ 99. 67%. Then field experiment results indicated that the qualified index of seed spacing were more than 95%,the single grain rate can reach to 90 %,uniformity of planting depth were 88. 5%,and the hole rate is less than 5%,which is consistent with the orthogonal test results to meet the requirement of corn seeding.
引文
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[8]姚宗路,王晓燕,李洪文,等.2BMD-12型小麦对行免耕施肥播种机改进与试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(5):46-51.
[9]于昭洋,胡志超,杨柯,等.大蒜联合收获切根试验台设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(22):77-85.
[10]于建群,马成林,张格.组合内窝孔精密排种器护种和投种过程分析[J].农业机械学报,2001(4):28-30.
[11]李复辉,刁培松,杜瑞成,等.内嵌勺盘式舵轮免耕施肥播种机的研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(19):16-23.
[2]吕金庆,杨颖,尚琴琴,等.气吸式马铃薯排种器正压吹种零速投种性能优化试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(20):40-48.
[3]鹿瑶,吕钊钦,郑文秀,等.玉米窝眼轮排种器性能影响因素试验研究—基于EDEM[J].农机化研究,2018,40(6):155-161.
[4]刘俊杰,杨存志,杨旭,等.玉米精量排种器性能分析与对比试验[J].农业科技与装备,2015(5):44-47,51.
[5]李成华,夏建满,何波.倾斜圆盘勺式精密排种器投种过程分析[J].农业机械学报,2005(3):48-50.
[6]于亚军.精量排种器结构优化设计[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2009.
[4]李海建,李洪文,李问盈,等.分体式小麦免耕播种机的设计[J].农机化研究,2007(11):94-98.
[5]孙福辉,封俊,宋卫堂,等.2BDY-12单体仿形压轮式播种机的性能试验研究[J].农业机械学报,1998,29(8):31-34.
[6]史岩鹏.玉米免耕精量播种机的优化设计[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[7]王圆明,宋树民,庞有伦,等.单行精量玉米播种施肥机的优化设计[J].中国农机化,2016,37(11):15-19.
[8]姚宗路,王晓燕,李洪文,等.2BMD-12型小麦对行免耕施肥播种机改进与试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(5):46-51.
[9]于昭洋,胡志超,杨柯,等.大蒜联合收获切根试验台设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(22):77-85.
[10]于建群,马成林,张格.组合内窝孔精密排种器护种和投种过程分析[J].农业机械学报,2001(4):28-30.
[11]李复辉,刁培松,杜瑞成,等.内嵌勺盘式舵轮免耕施肥播种机的研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(19):16-23.