梯形载荷煤柱底板偏应力分布规律与工程案例
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摘要
建立梯形载荷作用下底板偏应力分布的力学模型,推导出煤柱底板最大主偏应力公式,并得出不同载荷跨度与不对称系数等因素下的底板偏应力场响应特征。结果表明:①随着载荷跨度减小,底板偏应力值整体呈减小趋势,两侧底板区域的高偏应力集中区不对称程度减弱,且最终会出现汇合,形成一个连续的"苹果"形高偏应力区。②当1<λ≤4时,呈现出与载荷高低相一致的不对称马鞍型分布;随着λ值增加,不对称性加剧,高载荷侧极大值增长速率明显高于低载荷侧;极小值呈线性增长,且其位置向低载荷侧转移。③载荷跨度为35 m时,随着深度增加,偏应力非对称性趋势变缓,而在底板一定范围内存在一个较为明显的低偏应力区,可作为巷道布置的较理想区域。结合新阳矿地质生产条件和力学分析结果,将新102材料巷布置在x=15 m处,确定了高预应力强力锚杆(索)支护方案,进行了现场试验,取得了良好的控制效果,为近距离下部煤层巷道布置和围岩控制提供了理论依据和技术借鉴。
A mechanical model of the deviatoric stress distribution of the floor under the trapezoidal load was established,and the maximum principal stress formula of the floor under coal pillar was derived,and the response characteristics of the deviatoric stress field of the floor under the different load spans and the asymmetry coefficient were obtained.With the decrease of the load spans,the deviatoric stress value of the floor was decreased,and the degree of asymmetry of the high deviatoric stress concentration area in the two sides of the floor was weakened,and eventually there was convergencing to form a continuous high deviatoric stress area shaped like "apple".When 1<λ≤4,the distribution is asymmetry saddle type consistent with the load level.With the increase of λ value,the asymmetry was increased,and the growth rate of the high load side was significantly higher than that of the low load side.The minimum value increased linearly,and its position is shifted to the low load side.When the load span was 35 m,with the increase of depth,the asymmetric trend of the deviatoric stress became slow,while there was a relatively obvious low deviatoric stress area in a certain range of the floor,which could be used as the ideal area of roadway layout.Combined with the geological conditions and mechanical analysis of Xinyang coal mine,the Xin No 102 material roadway was arranged at x=15 m,and the supporting scheme of the high prestress and intensive bolt(cable) was determined.We carried out the field tests and achieved good control effects.These provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the roadway layout and control of surrounding rock in the lower seam of close distance coal seams.
A mechanical model of the deviatoric stress distribution of the floor under the trapezoidal load was established,and the maximum principal stress formula of the floor under coal pillar was derived,and the response characteristics of the deviatoric stress field of the floor under the different load spans and the asymmetry coefficient were obtained.With the decrease of the load spans,the deviatoric stress value of the floor was decreased,and the degree of asymmetry of the high deviatoric stress concentration area in the two sides of the floor was weakened,and eventually there was convergencing to form a continuous high deviatoric stress area shaped like "apple".When 1<λ≤4,the distribution is asymmetry saddle type consistent with the load level.With the increase of λ value,the asymmetry was increased,and the growth rate of the high load side was significantly higher than that of the low load side.The minimum value increased linearly,and its position is shifted to the low load side.When the load span was 35 m,with the increase of depth,the asymmetric trend of the deviatoric stress became slow,while there was a relatively obvious low deviatoric stress area in a certain range of the floor,which could be used as the ideal area of roadway layout.Combined with the geological conditions and mechanical analysis of Xinyang coal mine,the Xin No 102 material roadway was arranged at x=15 m,and the supporting scheme of the high prestress and intensive bolt(cable) was determined.We carried out the field tests and achieved good control effects.These provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the roadway layout and control of surrounding rock in the lower seam of close distance coal seams.
引文
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[7] 许磊,吴焕凯,李博,等.巨高巷道围岩稳定及控制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增2):3891-3902. Xu Lei,Wu Huankai,Li Bo,et al. Stability and control of surrounding rock in ultra-high roadway[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S2):3891-3902.
[8] 何富连,许磊,吴焕凯,等.大断面切眼顶板偏应力运移及围岩稳定[J]. 岩土工程学报,2014,36(6):1122-1128. He Fulian,Xu Lei,Wu Huankai,et al. Deviatoric stress transfer and stability of surrounding rock in large-section open-off cut roof[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(6):1122-1128.
[9] 许磊,魏海霞,肖祯雁,等.煤柱下底板偏应力区域特征及案例[J]. 岩土力学,2015,36(2):561-568. Xu Lei,Wei Haixia,Xiao Zhenyan,et al. Engineering cases and characteristics of deviatoric stress under coal pillar in regional floor[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(2):561-568.
[10] 陆士良.岩巷的矿压显现与合理位置[M]. 北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984.
[11] 杨桂通.弹塑性力学引论[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[12] 徐芝纶.弹性力学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[13] 刘鸿文.材料力学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[14] 钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M]. 徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010.
[15] 赵晓东,王海龙.梯形荷载下的采场顶板岩层运动及支架承载计算研究[J]. 煤炭学报,2012,37(5):731-736. Zhao Xiaodong,Wang Hailong.Calculation of rock strata movement and support resistance in working face due to trapezoidal loads[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(5):731-736.
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[17] 康红普,吴建星.锚杆托板的力学性能与支护效果分析[J]. 煤炭学报,2012,37(1):8-16. Kang Hongpu,Wu Jianxing.Analysis on mechanical performance and supporting function of rock bolt plates[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(1):8-16.
[18] 康红普,王金华,林健.煤矿巷道锚杆支护应用实例分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):649-664. Kang Hongpu,Wang Jinhua,Lin Jian.Case studies of rock bolting in coal mine roadways[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(4):649-664.
[19] 康红普,王金华,林健.煤矿巷道支护技术的研究与应用[J]. 煤炭学报,2010,35(11):1809-1814. Kang Hongpu,Wang Jinhua,Lin Jian.Study and application of roadway support techniques for coal mines[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(11):1809-1814.
[20] 侯朝炯,勾攀峰.巷道锚杆支护围岩强度强化机理研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19 (3):342-345. Hou Chaojiong,Gou Panfeng.Mechanism study on strength enhancement for the rocks surrounding roadway supported by bolts[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19 (3):342-345.
[21] 王金华,康红普,高富强.锚索支护传力机制与应力分布的数值模拟[J]. 煤炭学报,2008,33(1):1-6. Wang Jinhua,Kang Hongpu,Gao Fuqiang.Numerical simulation study on load-transfer mechanisms and stress distribution characteristics of cable bolts[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(1):1-6.
[22] 康红普.煤矿预应力锚杆支护技术的发展与应用[J]. 煤矿开采,2011,16(3):25-30,131. Kang Hongpu.Development and application of pre-stress anchored bolt supporting technology in coal mine[J]. Coal Mining Technology,2011,16(3):25-30,131.
[23] 鲁岩,邹喜正,刘长友.基于修正普氏拱的巷道锚杆支护技术[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(4):461-464. Lu Yan,Zou Xizheng,Liu Changyou.Roadway bolt supporting technique based on modified natural arch[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2007,24(4):461-464.
[2] 杨伟,刘长友,黄炳香,等.近距离煤层联合开采条件下工作面合理错距确定[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(1):101-105. Yang Wei,Liu Changyou,Huang Bingxiang,et al. Determination on reasonable malposition of combined mining in close-distance coal seams[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2012,29(1):101-105.
[3] 鞠金峰,许家林,朱卫兵,等.近距离煤层工作面出倾向煤柱动载矿压机理研究[J]. 煤炭学报,2010,35(1):15-20. Ju Jinfeng,Xu Jialin,Zhu Weibing,et al. Mechanism of strong strata behaviors during the working face out of the upper dip coal pillar in contiguous seams[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(1):15-20.
[4] 张百胜,杨双锁,康立勋,等.极近距离煤层回采巷道合理位置确定方法探讨[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):97-101. Zhang Baisheng,Yang Shuangsuo,Kang Lixun,et al. Discussion on method for determining reasonable position of roadway for ultra-close multi-seam[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):97-101.
[5] 闫书缘,杨科,廖斌琛,等.潘二矿下向卸压开采高应力演化特征试验研究[J]. 岩土力学,2013,34(9):2551-2556. Yan Shuyuan,Yang Ke,Liao Binchen,et al. Experimental study of high mining-induced stress evolution characteristics of downward relieving mining in Paner coal mine[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(9):2551-2556.
[6] 谢生荣,许磊,张广超,等.深部大采高沿空留巷围岩结构沉降破坏与控制[J]. 岩土力学,2015,36(2):569-575,583. Xie Shengrong,Xu Lei,Zhang Guangchao,et al. Subsidence broken of deep gob-side entry retaining surrounding rock structure with large mining height and its control[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(2):569-575,583.
[7] 许磊,吴焕凯,李博,等.巨高巷道围岩稳定及控制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增2):3891-3902. Xu Lei,Wu Huankai,Li Bo,et al. Stability and control of surrounding rock in ultra-high roadway[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S2):3891-3902.
[8] 何富连,许磊,吴焕凯,等.大断面切眼顶板偏应力运移及围岩稳定[J]. 岩土工程学报,2014,36(6):1122-1128. He Fulian,Xu Lei,Wu Huankai,et al. Deviatoric stress transfer and stability of surrounding rock in large-section open-off cut roof[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(6):1122-1128.
[9] 许磊,魏海霞,肖祯雁,等.煤柱下底板偏应力区域特征及案例[J]. 岩土力学,2015,36(2):561-568. Xu Lei,Wei Haixia,Xiao Zhenyan,et al. Engineering cases and characteristics of deviatoric stress under coal pillar in regional floor[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(2):561-568.
[10] 陆士良.岩巷的矿压显现与合理位置[M]. 北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984.
[11] 杨桂通.弹塑性力学引论[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[12] 徐芝纶.弹性力学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[13] 刘鸿文.材料力学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[14] 钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M]. 徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010.
[15] 赵晓东,王海龙.梯形荷载下的采场顶板岩层运动及支架承载计算研究[J]. 煤炭学报,2012,37(5):731-736. Zhao Xiaodong,Wang Hailong.Calculation of rock strata movement and support resistance in working face due to trapezoidal loads[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(5):731-736.
[16] 孙运江.异层位关键块下煤柱区巷道变形破坏机理与控制[D]. 北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2015.
[17] 康红普,吴建星.锚杆托板的力学性能与支护效果分析[J]. 煤炭学报,2012,37(1):8-16. Kang Hongpu,Wu Jianxing.Analysis on mechanical performance and supporting function of rock bolt plates[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(1):8-16.
[18] 康红普,王金华,林健.煤矿巷道锚杆支护应用实例分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):649-664. Kang Hongpu,Wang Jinhua,Lin Jian.Case studies of rock bolting in coal mine roadways[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(4):649-664.
[19] 康红普,王金华,林健.煤矿巷道支护技术的研究与应用[J]. 煤炭学报,2010,35(11):1809-1814. Kang Hongpu,Wang Jinhua,Lin Jian.Study and application of roadway support techniques for coal mines[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(11):1809-1814.
[20] 侯朝炯,勾攀峰.巷道锚杆支护围岩强度强化机理研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19 (3):342-345. Hou Chaojiong,Gou Panfeng.Mechanism study on strength enhancement for the rocks surrounding roadway supported by bolts[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19 (3):342-345.
[21] 王金华,康红普,高富强.锚索支护传力机制与应力分布的数值模拟[J]. 煤炭学报,2008,33(1):1-6. Wang Jinhua,Kang Hongpu,Gao Fuqiang.Numerical simulation study on load-transfer mechanisms and stress distribution characteristics of cable bolts[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(1):1-6.
[22] 康红普.煤矿预应力锚杆支护技术的发展与应用[J]. 煤矿开采,2011,16(3):25-30,131. Kang Hongpu.Development and application of pre-stress anchored bolt supporting technology in coal mine[J]. Coal Mining Technology,2011,16(3):25-30,131.
[23] 鲁岩,邹喜正,刘长友.基于修正普氏拱的巷道锚杆支护技术[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(4):461-464. Lu Yan,Zou Xizheng,Liu Changyou.Roadway bolt supporting technique based on modified natural arch[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2007,24(4):461-464.
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