辽东湾东部海域核电冷源取水区的风险生物分析
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摘要
我国近年来在核电冷源取水系统运行过程中,因海洋生物聚集或暴发等原因,屡次堵塞冷源取水系统,造成取水水泵、发电机组甚至反应堆异常停止,给核电正常运行带来了较大风险。建立核电冷源取水区的风险生物目录,并有针对性地研究其监测、预警技术和防控对策,是核电冷源取水系统安全运行的前提。通过2015年6～11月在红沿河核电取水区及其临近海域的调查,筛选出对冷源取水系统风险值为"高"的海洋生物主要有长石莼(缘管浒苔)(Ulva linza)、孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)、海月水母(Aurelia aurita)、沙蛰(Nemopilema nomurai)、球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa)、中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis)等。其中海月水母的风险分级基准为:大于或等于500 ind./(net.h)时风险为"高",为红色预警级别;大于300而小于500 ind./(net.h)时风险为"中",为黄色预警级别;大于100而小于300 ind./(net.h)时风险为"低",为蓝色预警级别。
The aggregation or outbreak of marine organisms can block the cold source water system of nuclear power plant,bringing high risk to its normal operation.In recent years,it has been widely reported that some nuclear power plants were forced to close due to the aggregation or outbreak of marine organisms.So,it is urge to compile a catalogue of risk marine organisms for nuclear power plant in order to ensure the safe operation of its cold source water system.The research from June to November of 2015 in the adjacent waters of the Hongyanhe River showed that high risk marine organisms included Ulva linza,Ulva pertusa,Aurelia aurita,Nemopilema nomurai,Pleurobrachia globose,Acetes chinensis,etc..The risk level is"High"when relative density of moon jellyfish is greater than or equal to 500 ind./( net.h),called the red level; level"Medium"is when the relative density is more than 300 but less than 500 ind./( net.h),called the yellow level; level"Low"is greater than 100 and less than 300 ind./( net.h),called the blue level.This study has implications to the monitoring plan,early warning technology,and preventive measures of the riskmarine organisms for the nuclear power plant.
The aggregation or outbreak of marine organisms can block the cold source water system of nuclear power plant,bringing high risk to its normal operation.In recent years,it has been widely reported that some nuclear power plants were forced to close due to the aggregation or outbreak of marine organisms.So,it is urge to compile a catalogue of risk marine organisms for nuclear power plant in order to ensure the safe operation of its cold source water system.The research from June to November of 2015 in the adjacent waters of the Hongyanhe River showed that high risk marine organisms included Ulva linza,Ulva pertusa,Aurelia aurita,Nemopilema nomurai,Pleurobrachia globose,Acetes chinensis,etc..The risk level is"High"when relative density of moon jellyfish is greater than or equal to 500 ind./( net.h),called the red level; level"Medium"is when the relative density is more than 300 but less than 500 ind./( net.h),called the yellow level; level"Low"is greater than 100 and less than 300 ind./( net.h),called the blue level.This study has implications to the monitoring plan,early warning technology,and preventive measures of the riskmarine organisms for the nuclear power plant.
引文
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[3]川辺允志.1-5.わが国の電力産業における被害状況と対策[J].日本水産学会誌,2005,71(6):977-978.
[4]付建明,柳洋,霍伟奇.关于核电厂冷源保障工作的探索与研究[J].工程技术,2016(36):272.
[5]PURCELL J E,UYE S I,LO W T.Anthropogenic causes of jellyfish blooms and their direct consequences for humans:a review[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2007,350:153-174.
[6]董婧,姜连新,孙明,等.渤海与黄海北部大型水母生物学研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,2013.
[7]梁玉波.中国赤潮灾害调查与评价(1933-2009)[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.
[8]広海十朗. II-3.魚類との相互関係[J].日本水産学会誌,2005,71(6):983-984.
[9]何清,胡晓波,周峙苗,等.东海绿藻缘管浒苔营养成分分析及评价[J].海洋科学,2006,30(1):34-38.
[10]国家海洋局.2016年中国海洋灾害公报[EB/OL].2017-03-22.http://www.soa.gov.cn/zwgk/hygb/zghyzhgb/.