2017年上半年北京市及周边地区空气质量特征分析
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摘要
依托北京市、廊坊市和保定市高密度的地面空气质量监测、气象要素监测以及PM_(2.5)化学组分监测和后向轨迹分析等手段,对2017年上半年三地的空气质量进行分析。研究发现:三地中北京市空气质量较好,保定市较差。分污染物来看,保定市SO_2浓度水平明显高于廊坊市和北京市,颗粒物PM10和PM_(2.5)也呈现保定市最高、北京市最低的规律。从污染物日变化来看,CO、SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)呈双峰型分布,O_3呈单峰型分布。从区域整体分布规律来看,PM_(2.5)和SO_2呈现明显的"南高北低"特征。PM_(2.5)化学组分分析结果表明:1—4月燃煤对该区域空气质量的影响较大,5—6月机动车排放的影响更为凸显。后向轨迹分析结果表明:在2017年上半年到达北京市的气流中有24%来自于北京市南部,且这些气流多为低空传输,表明区域传输对于北京市空气质量具有一定的影响。
This study analyzed the air quality of Beijing,Langfang and Baoding in the first half of 2017 based on the backward trajectory analysis and high-density monitoring data of air pollutant,meteorological elements and chemical composition of PM_(2.5).The results showed that the air quality of Beijing was the best among these three cities,while that of Baoding was the worst. The monthly average concentration of SO_2 in Baoding was significantly higher,while the spatial distribution of PM10 and PM_(2.5) concentrations was similar to SO_2 concentrations. From the perspective of the diurnal variation,CO,SO_2,NO_2,PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) showed a bimodal distribution pattern while O_3 had a single-peak distribution pattern. From the perspective of spatial distribution,PM_(2.5) and SO_2 concentrations were both higher in the south part and lower in the north part. The analysis of PM_(2.5) chemical composition showed that coal burning significantly influenced the air quality in this region from January to April,while vehicle emissions had more significant impacts on the air quality from May to June. The results of backward trajectory analysis showed that 24% air masses into Beijing came from the south of Beijing in the first half of 2017,most of which were transmitted at the low altitude and could easily transport air pollutants into Beijing. These results showed that the regional transmission had some effects on the air quality of Beijing.
This study analyzed the air quality of Beijing,Langfang and Baoding in the first half of 2017 based on the backward trajectory analysis and high-density monitoring data of air pollutant,meteorological elements and chemical composition of PM_(2.5).The results showed that the air quality of Beijing was the best among these three cities,while that of Baoding was the worst. The monthly average concentration of SO_2 in Baoding was significantly higher,while the spatial distribution of PM10 and PM_(2.5) concentrations was similar to SO_2 concentrations. From the perspective of the diurnal variation,CO,SO_2,NO_2,PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) showed a bimodal distribution pattern while O_3 had a single-peak distribution pattern. From the perspective of spatial distribution,PM_(2.5) and SO_2 concentrations were both higher in the south part and lower in the north part. The analysis of PM_(2.5) chemical composition showed that coal burning significantly influenced the air quality in this region from January to April,while vehicle emissions had more significant impacts on the air quality from May to June. The results of backward trajectory analysis showed that 24% air masses into Beijing came from the south of Beijing in the first half of 2017,most of which were transmitted at the low altitude and could easily transport air pollutants into Beijing. These results showed that the regional transmission had some effects on the air quality of Beijing.
引文
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[2]WANG Z,LI Y,CHEN T,et al.Science-Policy Interplay:Improvement of Air Quality from 2008 to2014 in Beijing and the Scientific Approach to Achieve APEC Blue[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2016,97(4):553-559.
[3]YANG M.Attribution of Aerosol Light Absorption to Black Carbon,Brown Carbon,and Dust in ChinaInterpretations of Atmospheric Measurements During EAST-AIRE[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,2008,8(3):10 913-10 954.
[4]王占山,李云婷,陈添,等.2013年北京市PM2.5的时空分布[J].地理学报,2015,70(1):110-120.WANG Zhanshan,LI Yunting,CHEN Tian,et al.Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of PM2.5in Beijing in2013[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(1):110-120.
[5]李文涛,高庆先,刘俊蓉,等.APEC期间北京市空气质量改善对比分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4 340-4 347.LI Wentao,GAO Qingxian,LIU Junrong,et al.Comparative Analysis on the Improvement of Air Quality in Beijing During APEC[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(12):4 340-4 347.
[6]WANG Z,LI Y,CHEN T,et al.Changes in Atmospheric Composition During the 2014 APECConference in Beijing[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2015,120(24):12 695-12 707.
[7]孙志强,吉东生,宋涛,等.奥运时段北京市及近周边区域空气污染观测与比对分析[J].环境科学,2010,31(12):2 852-2 859.SUN Zhiqiang,JI Dongsheng,SONG Tao,et al.Observations and Comparison Analysis of Air Pollution in Beijing and Nearly Surrounding Areas During Beijing2008 Olympic Games[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(12):2 852-2 859.
[8]郑晓霞,李令军,赵文吉,等.京津冀地区大气NO2污染特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2014(12):1 938-1 945.ZHENG Xiaoxia,LI Lingjun,ZHAO Wenji,et al.Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Atmospheric NO2in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2014,23(12):1 938-1 945.
[9]王占山,张大伟,李云婷,等.北京市夏季不同O3和PM2.5污染状况研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):807-815.WANG Zhanshan,ZHANG Dawei,LI Yunting,et al.Different Air Pollution Situations of O3and PM2.5During Summer in Beijing[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(3):807-815.
[10]王红磊,沈利娟,唐倩,等.嘉兴市不同天气条件下大气污染物和气溶胶化学组分的分布特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(9):3 594-3 604.WANG Honglei,SHEN Lijuan,TANG Qian,et al.Distribution Characteristics of Air Pollutants and Aerosol Chemical Components Under Different Weather Conditions in Jiaxing[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(9):3 594-3 604.
[11]王堃,韩永明,何世恒,等.西安市重污染与清洁天PM2.5组分及其活性氧物质对比[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):2 679-2 687.WANG Kun,HAN Yongming,HE Shiheng,et al.Comparison of Characteristics and Reactive Oxidative Species of PM2.5in Xi’an,China During Haze and Clean Days[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(7):2 679-2 687.
[12]何涛,乔利平,徐圃青,等.常州市臭氧污染传输路径和潜在源区[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(4):77-83.HE Tao,QIAO Liping,XU Puqing,et al.Study of Transport Pathways and Potential Sources of Ozone Pollution in Changzhou[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(4):77-83.
[13]张近扬,宋韶华,许睿,等.基于后向气团轨迹的区域大气污染颗粒物来源分析[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(2):42-46.ZHANG Jinyang,SONG Shaohua,XU Rui,et al.Source of Airborne Particulate Matter in Guilin Based on Backward Trajectory Model[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(2):42-46.