不同地区原状黄土土水特征曲线试验研究及其在边坡稳定性评价中的应用
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摘要
我国黄土具有明显的区域分布特征,从空间平面上把握其非饱和特性分布规律具有一定的现实意义。以Ⅰ带—兴县、Ⅱ带—富县和Ⅲ带—西安原状黄土为研究对象,测定了黄土不同含水率条件对应的基质吸力,对试验数据拟合得到土水特征曲线变化规律,并利用干燥过程的土水特征曲线对一维无限边坡稳定性进行研究。结果表明:兴县、富县、西安原状黄土土水特征曲线在地理空间分布上具有一定的规律性;沿兴县—富县—西安,黄土土样进气值逐渐减小,降湿率呈减小趋势,残余含水率呈增加趋势; Van Genuchten模型对黄土原状土样拟合效果比Gardner方程更好,简化的Van Genu-chten模型对各地区黄土均能较好地拟合;随着深度的增加,边坡稳定性系数逐渐降低,同时随着饱和度的降低,边坡稳定性系数逐渐增加;同时兴县黄土边坡较为稳定,主要是兴县黄土的基质吸力项对抗滑力的贡献要明显大于富县和西安黄土。
As loess in China has obvious regional distribution characteristics,it has certain practical significance to grasp the distribution law of its unsaturated characteristics from spatial plane. By taking the original belt loesses of I belt-Xingxian,II beltFuxian and III belt-Xi'an as the study objects herein,the matrix suctions corresponding to different moisture content conditions of the loesses are measured,and then the variation law of the soil-water characteristic curve is obtained through fitting the relevant experimental data,while the stability of the one-dimensional infinite slope is studied with the soil-water characteristic curve of the drying process. The result shows that the soil-water characteristic curves of the undisturbed loesses in the regions of Xingxian,Fuxian and Xi'an have certain regularities in the geospatial distribution. The airentryvalues of the loess samples taken from the regions along Xingxian-Fuxian-Xi'an are gradually decreased with the decreasing trend of moisture reduction rate and the increasing trend of residual water content. The fitting effect of the undisturbed loess samples from Van Genuchten model is better that that from Gardner equation,thus the loesses from all the regions can be better fitted by Van Genuchten model. Following with the increase of depth,the slope stability coefficient is gradually decreased,while it gradually increased along with the increase of saturation. Meanwhile,the loess slope in XingxianC ounty is relatively stable; for which the reason is that the contribution from the matric suction of the loess in Xingxian County to the anti-sliding force is obviously greater than that from the loesses from Fuxian County and Xi'an.
As loess in China has obvious regional distribution characteristics,it has certain practical significance to grasp the distribution law of its unsaturated characteristics from spatial plane. By taking the original belt loesses of I belt-Xingxian,II beltFuxian and III belt-Xi'an as the study objects herein,the matrix suctions corresponding to different moisture content conditions of the loesses are measured,and then the variation law of the soil-water characteristic curve is obtained through fitting the relevant experimental data,while the stability of the one-dimensional infinite slope is studied with the soil-water characteristic curve of the drying process. The result shows that the soil-water characteristic curves of the undisturbed loesses in the regions of Xingxian,Fuxian and Xi'an have certain regularities in the geospatial distribution. The airentryvalues of the loess samples taken from the regions along Xingxian-Fuxian-Xi'an are gradually decreased with the decreasing trend of moisture reduction rate and the increasing trend of residual water content. The fitting effect of the undisturbed loess samples from Van Genuchten model is better that that from Gardner equation,thus the loesses from all the regions can be better fitted by Van Genuchten model. Following with the increase of depth,the slope stability coefficient is gradually decreased,while it gradually increased along with the increase of saturation. Meanwhile,the loess slope in XingxianC ounty is relatively stable; for which the reason is that the contribution from the matric suction of the loess in Xingxian County to the anti-sliding force is obviously greater than that from the loesses from Fuxian County and Xi'an.
引文
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[16]王铁行,卢靖,岳彩坤.考虑温度和密度影响的非饱和黄土土-水特征曲线研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(1):1-5.
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[18]梅岭,姜朋明,李鹏,等.非饱和土的土水特征曲线试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(S1):124-128.
[19]褚峰,邵生俊,陈存礼.干密度和竖向应力对原状非饱和黄土土水特征影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(2):413-420.
[20]王军海,刘亚明.基于动三轴试验的压实黄土动强度特性研究[J].地震工程学报,2016,38(3):439-444.
[21]陶高梁,张季如,庄心善,等.描述黏粒含量对土-水特征曲线影响规律的分形模型[J].水利学报,2014,45(4):490-496.
[22]王协群,邹维列,骆以道,等.考虑压实度时的土水特征曲线和温度对吸力的影响[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(3):368-372.
[23]赵天宇,王锦芳.考虑密度与干湿循环影响的黄土土水特征曲线[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(6):2445-2453.
[24]王志杰,骆亚生,王瑞瑞,等.不同地区原状黄土动剪切模量与阻尼比试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,28(9):1464-1469.
[25] VANAPALI S K,FREDLUND D G,PUFAHL D E. The influenceof soil structure and stress history on the soil-water characteristics ofa compacted till[J]. Geotechnique,1999,49(2):143-159.
[26]张雪东,赵成刚,蔡国庆,等.土体密实状态对土-水特征曲线影响规律研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(5):1463-1468.
[27]谷琪,王家鼎,仝云莉,等.滤纸法测非饱和黄土土水特征曲线试验及拟合研究[J].土壤通报,2016,47(3):588-593.
[28]石振明,刘巍然,彭铭,等.网纹红土土水特征曲线试验研究及其在边坡稳定性评价中的应用[J].工程地质学报,2018,26(1):164-171.
[29]唐小松,李庆典,周创兵,等.基于Copula函数的抗剪强度参数间相关性模拟及边坡可靠度分析[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(12):2284-2291.
[2]张晴毅,李明永,王峻,等.剪切波速和含水率双指标评价黄土震陷[J].地震工程学报,2017,39(2):329-335.
[3]张昭,刘奉银,张国平.考虑气-液交界面的非饱和土有效应力公式[J].岩土力学,2015,36(S1):147-153.
[4] FREDLUND D G,RAHARDJO H. Soil mechanics for unsaturatedsoils[M]. New York:John Wiley&Sons,1993.
[5]杨何,汤明高,叶润青,等.三峡库区滑坡堆积体非饱和土的土-水特征研究[J].水利水电技术,2017,48(9):168-173.
[6] FREDLUND D G,XING A,HUNAG S Y. Predicting the permea-bility function for unsaturated soils using the soil-water characteristiccurve[J]. Canadian Geotechni-cal Journal,1994,31(4):533-546.
[7]李萍,李同录,王红,等.非饱和黄土土-水特征曲线与渗透系数Childs&Collis-Geroge模型预测[J].岩土力学,2013,34(2):184-189.
[8]王红,李同录,付昱凯.利用瞬态剖面法测定非饱和黄土的渗透性曲线[J].水利学报,2014,45(8):997-1003.
[9]赵纪飞,黄嘉悦,侯晓坤,等.灌溉诱发的黑方台黄土滑坡泥流机理分析[J].灾害学,2017,32(4):60-66.
[10] VANAPALLI S K,FREDLUND D G,PUFAHL D E,etal. Modelfor the prediction of shear strength with respect to soil suction[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1996,33(3):379-392.
[11] FREDLUND D G,XING A,FREDLUND M D,et al. The relation-ship of the unsaturated shear strength to the soil-water characteristiccurve[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1996,33(3):440-448.
[12]郭利娜.非饱和土弹塑性模型在土坝蓄水变形中的应用[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(3):7-11.
[13]金旭.非饱和原状土土-水特征曲线及本构模型的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2010.
[14]刘艳,韦昌富,房倩,等.非饱和土水-力本构模型及其隐式积分算法[J].岩土力学,2014,35(2):365-370.
[15]王协群,邹维列,骆以道,等.考虑压实度时的土水特征曲线和温度对吸力的影响[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(3):368-372.
[16]王铁行,卢靖,岳彩坤.考虑温度和密度影响的非饱和黄土土-水特征曲线研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(1):1-5.
[17]赵天宇,王锦芳.考虑密度与干湿循环影响的黄土土水特征曲线[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(6):2445-2453.
[18]梅岭,姜朋明,李鹏,等.非饱和土的土水特征曲线试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(S1):124-128.
[19]褚峰,邵生俊,陈存礼.干密度和竖向应力对原状非饱和黄土土水特征影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(2):413-420.
[20]王军海,刘亚明.基于动三轴试验的压实黄土动强度特性研究[J].地震工程学报,2016,38(3):439-444.
[21]陶高梁,张季如,庄心善,等.描述黏粒含量对土-水特征曲线影响规律的分形模型[J].水利学报,2014,45(4):490-496.
[22]王协群,邹维列,骆以道,等.考虑压实度时的土水特征曲线和温度对吸力的影响[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(3):368-372.
[23]赵天宇,王锦芳.考虑密度与干湿循环影响的黄土土水特征曲线[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(6):2445-2453.
[24]王志杰,骆亚生,王瑞瑞,等.不同地区原状黄土动剪切模量与阻尼比试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,28(9):1464-1469.
[25] VANAPALI S K,FREDLUND D G,PUFAHL D E. The influenceof soil structure and stress history on the soil-water characteristics ofa compacted till[J]. Geotechnique,1999,49(2):143-159.
[26]张雪东,赵成刚,蔡国庆,等.土体密实状态对土-水特征曲线影响规律研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(5):1463-1468.
[27]谷琪,王家鼎,仝云莉,等.滤纸法测非饱和黄土土水特征曲线试验及拟合研究[J].土壤通报,2016,47(3):588-593.
[28]石振明,刘巍然,彭铭,等.网纹红土土水特征曲线试验研究及其在边坡稳定性评价中的应用[J].工程地质学报,2018,26(1):164-171.
[29]唐小松,李庆典,周创兵,等.基于Copula函数的抗剪强度参数间相关性模拟及边坡可靠度分析[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(12):2284-2291.
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