“两宽一高”三维地震资料的纵向分辨率探讨及应用
|
摘要
为了探讨宽频地震资料的纵向分辨率问题,依托2015年吐哈油田葡北"两宽一高"三维地震处理数据,通过分析合成地震记录、倍频程滤波和不同频带的地震反演结果,认为:不同频带的地震反射代表了对不同尺度地层界面的分辨能力,在低频段只能分辨大套地层的界面,在高频段既能分辨大套地层又能分辨较薄地层的界面,地震资料低频成分的缺失使地震反射的层次感降低;当地震资料缺失低频成分越多,用井插值模型补偿低频的波阻抗反演与实际宽频地震反演结果差别越大,即地震资料的低频决定反演精度,高频决定反演分辨率。通过吐哈油田葡北三维地震的宽频反演,储层预测精度明显提高,有效指导了该区岩性油气藏的勘探。
We discuss in this paper the vertical resolution of broadband, wide-azimuth and high-density(BWH)seismic data acquired in 2015 in Pubei Oilfield,Tuha Basin.With synthetic seismogram,filtering in an octave,and inversion,it is found that different-band reflections present different resolutions of strata interface in different scales.Lower-frequency seismic data resolution can identify largescale interfaces,and high-frequency seismic data resolution can identify both large-scale and smallscale interfaces.When seismic data lasts low-frequency information,fewer interfaces could be identified.Low frequency of seismic data determines seismic inversion accuracy,and high frequency of seismic data decides seismic inversion resolution.Reservoir prediction based on BWH seismic data is significantly improved by broadband seismic inversion,and effectively guided lithologic reservoirs exploration in Tuha Basin.
We discuss in this paper the vertical resolution of broadband, wide-azimuth and high-density(BWH)seismic data acquired in 2015 in Pubei Oilfield,Tuha Basin.With synthetic seismogram,filtering in an octave,and inversion,it is found that different-band reflections present different resolutions of strata interface in different scales.Lower-frequency seismic data resolution can identify largescale interfaces,and high-frequency seismic data resolution can identify both large-scale and smallscale interfaces.When seismic data lasts low-frequency information,fewer interfaces could be identified.Low frequency of seismic data determines seismic inversion accuracy,and high frequency of seismic data decides seismic inversion resolution.Reservoir prediction based on BWH seismic data is significantly improved by broadband seismic inversion,and effectively guided lithologic reservoirs exploration in Tuha Basin.
引文
[1]Richer N.Wavelet contraction,wavelet expression,and the control of seismic resolution.Geophysics,1953,18(24):769-792.
[2]Wedess M B.How thin is a bed?Geophysics,1973,38(6):1176-1180.
[3]Farr J B.High-resolution seismic methods improve stratigraphic exploration.Oil&Gas Journal,1977,75(48):182-188.
[4]凌云研究组.应用振幅的调谐作用探测地层厚度小于波长地质目标.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):268-274.Ling Yun Research Group.Application of amplitude tuning in surveying geologic target thickness less than1/4wavelength.OGP,2003,38(3):268-274.
[5]凌云研究组.地震分辨率极限问题的研究.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):435-442.Ling Yun Research Group.Study of seismic resolution limit.OGP,2004,39(4):435-442.
[6]云美厚.地震分辨力与信噪比无关.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(3):379-383.Yun Meihou.Seismic resolution is not relative to S/Nratio.OGP,2009,44(3):379-383.
[7]钱荣钧.地震分辨率的分类研究及偏移对分辨率的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):306-313.Qian Rongjun.Classification studies on seismic resolution and migrations affect to resolution.OGP,2010,45(2):306-313.
[8]倪宇东.可控震源地震勘探采集技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2014.
[9]M B什内尔索纳著;李乐天,裘慰庭译.可控震源地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,1993,89-90.
[10]李培明,王华忠,李伟波等.地震共偏移距数据集的空间分辨率分析.石油物探,2013,52(5):452-456.Li Peiming,Wang Huazhong,Li Weibo et al.Analysis on the spatial resolution in common offset gather of seismic data.GPP,2013,52(5):452-456.
[11]李培明,李伟波.关于方向空间分辨率的探讨.石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(6):1219-1223.Li Peiming and Li Weibo.Discussions on the directional spatial resolution.OGP,2015,50(6):1219-1223.
[12]王学军,于宝利,赵小辉等.油气勘探中两宽一高"技术问题探讨与应用.中国石油勘探,2015,20(5):41-53.Wang Xuejun,Yu Baoli,Zhao Xiaohui et al.Development and application of2W1H"technique in oil and gas exploration.China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(5):41-53.
[13]Wang Xuejun,Zhang Wei,Chen Hongtao et al.Low frequency seismic technology:a new era for reservoir solutions.AAPG Datapages/Search and Discovery Article,Annual Convention and Exhibition,Denver,2015.
[14]王华忠,马波,王雄文等.地震波反演成像方法与核心技术.石油物探,2015,54(2):115-125.Wang Huazhong,Ma Bo,Wang Xiongwen et al.Analysis of seismic inversion imaging and its technical core issues.GPP,2015,54(2):115-125.
[15]王大兴,张盟勃.全数字地震叠前储层预测技术及应用效果.中国石油勘探,2013,18(1):44-48.Wang Daxing,Zhang Mengbo.Full digital seismic prestack reservoir predication technology and its application results.China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(1):44-48.
[16]许崇宝.测井约束地震反演分辨率及反演策略探讨.中国煤炭地质,2010,22(8):39-41.Xu Chongbao.Probe into well logging constrained seismic inversion resolution and inversion tactic.Coal Geology of China,2010,22(8):39-41.
[17]李伟,岳大力,胡光义等.分频段地震属性优选及砂体预测方法---秦皇岛32-6油田北区为例.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):121-129.Li Wei,Yue Dali,Hu Guangyi et al.Frequency-segmented seismic attribute optimization and sandbody distribution prediction:an example in North Block,Qinghuangdao 32-6 Oilfield.OGP,2017,52(1):121-129.
[18]袁胜辉,唐传章,葛黛薇等.冀中坳陷深潜山及其内幕地震勘探技术研究.中国石油勘探,2013,18(1):39-43.Yuan Shenghui,Tang Chuanzhang,Ge Daiwei et al.Study of seismic exploration technology for deep buried hills and their inner curtains of Jizhong depression.China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(1):39-43.
[19]佘德平,管路平,徐颖等.应用低频信号提高高速层屏蔽层的成像质量.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5):564-567.She Deping,Guan Luping,Xu Ying et al.Applying of low-frequency signal to improve imaging quality below shielding high-velocity basalt.OGP,2007,42(5):564-567.
[20]邹志辉,张翊孟,卞爱飞等.常规检波器低频数据的评价与恢复及其在地震成像中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(5):841-849.Zou Zhihui,Zhang Yimeng,Bian Aifei et al.Low-frequency evaluation and recovery of conventional geophone data and applications in seismic imaging.OGP,2016,51(5):841-849.
[21]张晓磊,王润秋,邓晓娟等.混合相位反褶积串联形态滤波技术提高地震分辨率.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(4):670-676.Zhang Xiaolei,Wang Runqiu,Deng Xiaojuan et al.Seismic data resolution improvement based on mixed phase deconvolution with morphological filtering.OGP,2016,51(4):670-676.
[22]公亭,王兆磊,顾小弟等.宽频地震资料处理配套技术.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(3):457-466.Gong Ting,Wang Zhaolei,Gu Xiaodi et al.Broadband seismic data matching processing.OGP,2016,51(3):457-466.
[23]宋维琪,吴彩端.利用压缩感知方法提高地震资料分辨率.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(2):214-219.Song Weiqi,Wu Caiduan.Seismic data resolution improvement based on compressed sensing.OGP,2017,52(2):241-249.
[24]张丰麒,金之钧,盛秀杰等.基于低频软约束的叠前AVA稀疏层反演.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(4):770-782.Zhang Fengqi,Jin Zhijun,Sheng Xiujie et al.AVAsparse layer inversion with the soft-low frequency constraint.OGP,2017,52(4):770-782.
[25]Wedess M B.Generalized resolving power and system optimization.∥SEG 50th Annual International Meeting,Houston,1980.
[26]Kallweit R S,Wood L C.The limits of resolution of zero-phase wavelets.Geophysics,1982,47(7):1035-1046.
[2]Wedess M B.How thin is a bed?Geophysics,1973,38(6):1176-1180.
[3]Farr J B.High-resolution seismic methods improve stratigraphic exploration.Oil&Gas Journal,1977,75(48):182-188.
[4]凌云研究组.应用振幅的调谐作用探测地层厚度小于波长地质目标.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):268-274.Ling Yun Research Group.Application of amplitude tuning in surveying geologic target thickness less than1/4wavelength.OGP,2003,38(3):268-274.
[5]凌云研究组.地震分辨率极限问题的研究.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):435-442.Ling Yun Research Group.Study of seismic resolution limit.OGP,2004,39(4):435-442.
[6]云美厚.地震分辨力与信噪比无关.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(3):379-383.Yun Meihou.Seismic resolution is not relative to S/Nratio.OGP,2009,44(3):379-383.
[7]钱荣钧.地震分辨率的分类研究及偏移对分辨率的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):306-313.Qian Rongjun.Classification studies on seismic resolution and migrations affect to resolution.OGP,2010,45(2):306-313.
[8]倪宇东.可控震源地震勘探采集技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2014.
[9]M B什内尔索纳著;李乐天,裘慰庭译.可控震源地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,1993,89-90.
[10]李培明,王华忠,李伟波等.地震共偏移距数据集的空间分辨率分析.石油物探,2013,52(5):452-456.Li Peiming,Wang Huazhong,Li Weibo et al.Analysis on the spatial resolution in common offset gather of seismic data.GPP,2013,52(5):452-456.
[11]李培明,李伟波.关于方向空间分辨率的探讨.石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(6):1219-1223.Li Peiming and Li Weibo.Discussions on the directional spatial resolution.OGP,2015,50(6):1219-1223.
[12]王学军,于宝利,赵小辉等.油气勘探中两宽一高"技术问题探讨与应用.中国石油勘探,2015,20(5):41-53.Wang Xuejun,Yu Baoli,Zhao Xiaohui et al.Development and application of2W1H"technique in oil and gas exploration.China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(5):41-53.
[13]Wang Xuejun,Zhang Wei,Chen Hongtao et al.Low frequency seismic technology:a new era for reservoir solutions.AAPG Datapages/Search and Discovery Article,Annual Convention and Exhibition,Denver,2015.
[14]王华忠,马波,王雄文等.地震波反演成像方法与核心技术.石油物探,2015,54(2):115-125.Wang Huazhong,Ma Bo,Wang Xiongwen et al.Analysis of seismic inversion imaging and its technical core issues.GPP,2015,54(2):115-125.
[15]王大兴,张盟勃.全数字地震叠前储层预测技术及应用效果.中国石油勘探,2013,18(1):44-48.Wang Daxing,Zhang Mengbo.Full digital seismic prestack reservoir predication technology and its application results.China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(1):44-48.
[16]许崇宝.测井约束地震反演分辨率及反演策略探讨.中国煤炭地质,2010,22(8):39-41.Xu Chongbao.Probe into well logging constrained seismic inversion resolution and inversion tactic.Coal Geology of China,2010,22(8):39-41.
[17]李伟,岳大力,胡光义等.分频段地震属性优选及砂体预测方法---秦皇岛32-6油田北区为例.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):121-129.Li Wei,Yue Dali,Hu Guangyi et al.Frequency-segmented seismic attribute optimization and sandbody distribution prediction:an example in North Block,Qinghuangdao 32-6 Oilfield.OGP,2017,52(1):121-129.
[18]袁胜辉,唐传章,葛黛薇等.冀中坳陷深潜山及其内幕地震勘探技术研究.中国石油勘探,2013,18(1):39-43.Yuan Shenghui,Tang Chuanzhang,Ge Daiwei et al.Study of seismic exploration technology for deep buried hills and their inner curtains of Jizhong depression.China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(1):39-43.
[19]佘德平,管路平,徐颖等.应用低频信号提高高速层屏蔽层的成像质量.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5):564-567.She Deping,Guan Luping,Xu Ying et al.Applying of low-frequency signal to improve imaging quality below shielding high-velocity basalt.OGP,2007,42(5):564-567.
[20]邹志辉,张翊孟,卞爱飞等.常规检波器低频数据的评价与恢复及其在地震成像中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(5):841-849.Zou Zhihui,Zhang Yimeng,Bian Aifei et al.Low-frequency evaluation and recovery of conventional geophone data and applications in seismic imaging.OGP,2016,51(5):841-849.
[21]张晓磊,王润秋,邓晓娟等.混合相位反褶积串联形态滤波技术提高地震分辨率.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(4):670-676.Zhang Xiaolei,Wang Runqiu,Deng Xiaojuan et al.Seismic data resolution improvement based on mixed phase deconvolution with morphological filtering.OGP,2016,51(4):670-676.
[22]公亭,王兆磊,顾小弟等.宽频地震资料处理配套技术.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(3):457-466.Gong Ting,Wang Zhaolei,Gu Xiaodi et al.Broadband seismic data matching processing.OGP,2016,51(3):457-466.
[23]宋维琪,吴彩端.利用压缩感知方法提高地震资料分辨率.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(2):214-219.Song Weiqi,Wu Caiduan.Seismic data resolution improvement based on compressed sensing.OGP,2017,52(2):241-249.
[24]张丰麒,金之钧,盛秀杰等.基于低频软约束的叠前AVA稀疏层反演.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(4):770-782.Zhang Fengqi,Jin Zhijun,Sheng Xiujie et al.AVAsparse layer inversion with the soft-low frequency constraint.OGP,2017,52(4):770-782.
[25]Wedess M B.Generalized resolving power and system optimization.∥SEG 50th Annual International Meeting,Houston,1980.
[26]Kallweit R S,Wood L C.The limits of resolution of zero-phase wavelets.Geophysics,1982,47(7):1035-1046.