农业技术变迁与农业转型:占取主义/替代主义理论述评
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摘要
《从农耕到生物技术:关于农业产业化的发展理论》一书从政治经济学角度讨论了技术变迁与农业资本化的关系,提出了占取主义/替代主义的理论框架,强调了由于自然条件的限制,资本无法在农业中建立一个超越家庭之外的更优生产模式,小规模家庭农业因此得以继续存在,但技术的进步,使工业资本可以不断加强对农业领域的渗透和控制。该理论对于理解中国农业转型具有启发意义,农业的资本化并不一定伴随着土地流转和规模化,资本可以通过对农业不同环节的改造、重组,从农业中占取剩余,形成资本积累。此外,国内农业社会学领域的研究发现,家庭农业的存续得益于"家庭"这一生产组织的独特优势,即家庭的村庄社会基础,这也构成对该书的重要拓展。
This paper has reviewed the book ‘From farming to biotechnology: A theory of agro-industrial development',and re-examined the theory in Chinese context. This book explores the agrarian question by looking into the progress of biotechnology,and theories the ‘appropriationism/substitutionism'framework. The authors emphasize that due to the constraints of‘nature',capital fails to organize a superior production system to undermine the competitive advantage of household production,which could explain the survival of family farming. Nonetheless,agro-capital is still able to strengthen its control and penetration to agriculture. This theoretical framework is illuminating for understanding China 's agrarian change. The agrarian capitalization could take place without large-scale land transfer. Rather,by undermining discrete elements of the agricultural production process or the food processing process,agro-capital could appropriate agricultural surplus. However,China's agrarian transformation has gone beyond this framework,which needs to be further examined.
This paper has reviewed the book ‘From farming to biotechnology: A theory of agro-industrial development',and re-examined the theory in Chinese context. This book explores the agrarian question by looking into the progress of biotechnology,and theories the ‘appropriationism/substitutionism'framework. The authors emphasize that due to the constraints of‘nature',capital fails to organize a superior production system to undermine the competitive advantage of household production,which could explain the survival of family farming. Nonetheless,agro-capital is still able to strengthen its control and penetration to agriculture. This theoretical framework is illuminating for understanding China 's agrarian change. The agrarian capitalization could take place without large-scale land transfer. Rather,by undermining discrete elements of the agricultural production process or the food processing process,agro-capital could appropriate agricultural surplus. However,China's agrarian transformation has gone beyond this framework,which needs to be further examined.
引文
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[2]Lerche J.The Agrarian Question in Neoliberal India:Agrarian Transition by Passed?.Journal of Agrarian Change,2013(3):382-404
[3]Goodman D,Sorj B,Wilkinson J.From Farming to Biotechnology:A Theory of Agro-industrial Development.Basil Blackwell,1987
[4]Bernstein H.Is There an Agrarian Question in the 21st Century?.Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement,2006(4):449-460
[5]中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局.资本论(第1卷).北京:人民出版社,2004[1867]
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[19]Boyd W,Prudham W S,Schurman R A.Industrial Dynamics and the Problem of Nature.Society&Natural Resources,2001(7):555-570
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[23]西敏司.甜与权力---糖在近代历史上的地位.朱健刚,王超,译.北京:商务印书馆,2010
[24]贺雪峰.小农立场.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2013
[25]夏柱智,贺雪峰.半工半耕与中国渐进城镇化模式.中国社会科学,2017(12):117-137
[26]黄宗智,高原,彭玉生.没有无产化的资本化:中国的农业发展.开放时代,2012(3):10-30
[27]黄宗智,高原.中国农业资本化的动力:公司,国家,还是农户?.中国乡村研究,2013(10):28-50
[28]陈义媛.资本下乡:农业中的隐蔽雇佣关系与资本积累.开放时代,2016(5):92-112
[29]陈义媛.资本主义式家庭农场的兴起与农业经营主体分化的再思考---以水稻生产为例.开放时代,2013(4):137-155
[30]黄瑜,郭琳.大资本农场不能打败家庭农场吗?---华南地区对虾养殖业的资本化过程.开放时代,2015(5):88-105
[31]孙新华.农业规模经营主体的兴起与突破性农业转型---以皖南河镇为例.开放时代,2015(5):106-124
[32]陈航英.新型农业主体的兴起与“小农经济”处境的再思考---以皖南河镇为例.开放时代,2015(5):70-87
[33]严海蓉,陈义媛.中国农业资本化的特征和方向:自下而上和自上而下的资本化动力.开放时代,2015(5):49-69
[34]陈义媛.中国农资市场变迁与农业资本化的隐性路径.开放时代,2018(3):95-111
[35]陈义媛.中国农业机械化服务市场的兴起:机制及影响,2018未刊稿
[36]徐宗阳.资本下乡的社会基础---基于华北地区一个公司型农场的经验研究.社会学研究,2016(5):63-87
[37]韩启民.城镇化背景下的家庭农业与乡土社会.社会,2015(5):122-141
[38]傅春晖.包买制中的圈子运作---以浙江省丽水市来料加工为例.北京大学博士学位论文,2013
[39]付伟.许村家纺:工业化的乡土逻辑.北京大学社会学系博士学位论文,2016
[40]付伟.城乡融合发展进程中的乡村产业及其社会基础---以浙江省L市偏远乡村来料加工为例.中国社会科学,2018(6):71-90
[41]王田一.能力圈:来料加工的生产组织形式研究.北京大学硕士学位论文,2013
[42]徐宗阳.“曲尽人情”:效率的另一种可能---以浙江省缙云县来料加工为例.北京大学硕士学位论文,2013
[2]Lerche J.The Agrarian Question in Neoliberal India:Agrarian Transition by Passed?.Journal of Agrarian Change,2013(3):382-404
[3]Goodman D,Sorj B,Wilkinson J.From Farming to Biotechnology:A Theory of Agro-industrial Development.Basil Blackwell,1987
[4]Bernstein H.Is There an Agrarian Question in the 21st Century?.Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement,2006(4):449-460
[5]中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局.资本论(第1卷).北京:人民出版社,2004[1867]
[6]Engels F.The Peasant Question in France and Germany//K.Marx and F.Engels,Selected Works(Vol.2).Moscow:Progress Publishers,1970[1894]
[7]列宁.俄国资本主义的发展.北京:人民出版社,1984[1899]
[8]Preobrazhensky E.The New Economics.London:Oxford University Press,1965
[9]恰亚诺夫.农民经济组织.北京:中央编译出版社,1996
[10]Vergopoulos K.Capitalism and Peasant Productivity.Journal of Peasant Studies,1978(5):446-481
[11]De Janvry A.The Agrarian Question and Reformism in Latin America.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,1981
[12]Mooney P R.My Own Boss.Boulder,co:Westview Press,1988
[13]Mann S A,Dickinson J M.Obstacles to the Development of a Capitalist Agriculture.Journal of Peasant Studies,1978(5):466-481
[14]Igata M,Hendriksen A,Heijman W.Agricultural Outsourcing:A Comparison Between the Netherlands and Japan.Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce,2008(1):29-33
[15]Picazo-Tadeo A J,Reig-Martínez E.Outsourcing and Efficiency:the Case of Spanish Citrus Farming.Agricultural Economics,2006(2):213-222
[16]Watts M.Peasants and Flexible Accumulation in the Third World-Producing under Contract.Economic and Political Weekly,1992(30):90-97
[17]White B.Agro-industry and Contract Farming in Upland Java.The Journal of Peasant Studies,1997(3):100-136
[18]Singh S.Contracting out Solutions:Political Economy of Contract Farming in the Indian Punjab.World Development,2002(9):1621-1638
[19]Boyd W,Prudham W S,Schurman R A.Industrial Dynamics and the Problem of Nature.Society&Natural Resources,2001(7):555-570
[20]Pechlaner G.The Sociology of Agriculture in Transition:the Political Economy of Agriculture after Biotechnology.Canadian Journal of Sociology,2010(2):243-270
[21]Pechlaner G.Biotech on the Farm:Mississippi Agriculture in an Age of Proprietary Biotechnologies.Anthropologica,2010(2):291-304
[22]Kloppenburg J.First the Seed:Political Economy of Plant Biotechnology,1492-2000.Second Edition.Madison:The University of Wis-consin Press,2004
[23]西敏司.甜与权力---糖在近代历史上的地位.朱健刚,王超,译.北京:商务印书馆,2010
[24]贺雪峰.小农立场.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2013
[25]夏柱智,贺雪峰.半工半耕与中国渐进城镇化模式.中国社会科学,2017(12):117-137
[26]黄宗智,高原,彭玉生.没有无产化的资本化:中国的农业发展.开放时代,2012(3):10-30
[27]黄宗智,高原.中国农业资本化的动力:公司,国家,还是农户?.中国乡村研究,2013(10):28-50
[28]陈义媛.资本下乡:农业中的隐蔽雇佣关系与资本积累.开放时代,2016(5):92-112
[29]陈义媛.资本主义式家庭农场的兴起与农业经营主体分化的再思考---以水稻生产为例.开放时代,2013(4):137-155
[30]黄瑜,郭琳.大资本农场不能打败家庭农场吗?---华南地区对虾养殖业的资本化过程.开放时代,2015(5):88-105
[31]孙新华.农业规模经营主体的兴起与突破性农业转型---以皖南河镇为例.开放时代,2015(5):106-124
[32]陈航英.新型农业主体的兴起与“小农经济”处境的再思考---以皖南河镇为例.开放时代,2015(5):70-87
[33]严海蓉,陈义媛.中国农业资本化的特征和方向:自下而上和自上而下的资本化动力.开放时代,2015(5):49-69
[34]陈义媛.中国农资市场变迁与农业资本化的隐性路径.开放时代,2018(3):95-111
[35]陈义媛.中国农业机械化服务市场的兴起:机制及影响,2018未刊稿
[36]徐宗阳.资本下乡的社会基础---基于华北地区一个公司型农场的经验研究.社会学研究,2016(5):63-87
[37]韩启民.城镇化背景下的家庭农业与乡土社会.社会,2015(5):122-141
[38]傅春晖.包买制中的圈子运作---以浙江省丽水市来料加工为例.北京大学博士学位论文,2013
[39]付伟.许村家纺:工业化的乡土逻辑.北京大学社会学系博士学位论文,2016
[40]付伟.城乡融合发展进程中的乡村产业及其社会基础---以浙江省L市偏远乡村来料加工为例.中国社会科学,2018(6):71-90
[41]王田一.能力圈:来料加工的生产组织形式研究.北京大学硕士学位论文,2013
[42]徐宗阳.“曲尽人情”:效率的另一种可能---以浙江省缙云县来料加工为例.北京大学硕士学位论文,2013