PI-PD控制在风水微网中的应用
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摘要
风水微网中,风电的间歇性和波动性容易造成微网功率波动频繁,恶化微网电能质量。为平滑风水微网输出功率,提出将PI-PD控制方法应用到微网内水电机组控制中,采用频域分析法分析了常规PID控制及PI-PD控制对水电机组的控制效果,提出改善水机动态响应过程的参数调整方法;建立了风水微网仿真模型,通过时域仿真比较了微网内水机采用常规PID、模糊PID和PI-PD算法的控制效果,并分析了PI-PD控制参数对微网内部动态响应的影响。理论和仿真分析结果表明,与常规PID及模糊PID相比,微网中水机采用PI-PD控制能够获得较快的调节速度、较小的反调量;合理整定PI-PD控制参数值,能够缩短微网动态响应时间,抑制微网功率振荡,保证微网安全稳定运行。
In wind-hydro micro-grid, the intermittence and volatility of wind power easily cause power fluctuation frequently and worsen the power quality. Consequently, we proposed to apply the PI-PD control method to the control system of the hydropower unit in the micro-grid,and analyzed the control effect of conventional PID and PI-PD control on the hydropower unit by frequency domain analysis method. Moreover, we proposed to adopt the parameters adjusting method to improve the dynamic response of the hydropower unit. Meanwhile, we established awind-hydro micro-grid simulation model, analyzed the influences of conventional PID, fuzzy PID and PI-PD control on the dynamic response of the micro-grid by time domain simulation method, and analyzed the influence of different PI-PD controller parameters on the dynamic response of the micro-grid. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that, compared with the PID and fuzzy PID control method, the PI-PD control can achieve faster adjustment speed and smaller inverse quantity adjustment.Reasonable setting parameters of the PI-PD control can shorten the dynamic response time of the micro-grid, restrain the power fluctuation, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the micro-grid.
In wind-hydro micro-grid, the intermittence and volatility of wind power easily cause power fluctuation frequently and worsen the power quality. Consequently, we proposed to apply the PI-PD control method to the control system of the hydropower unit in the micro-grid,and analyzed the control effect of conventional PID and PI-PD control on the hydropower unit by frequency domain analysis method. Moreover, we proposed to adopt the parameters adjusting method to improve the dynamic response of the hydropower unit. Meanwhile, we established awind-hydro micro-grid simulation model, analyzed the influences of conventional PID, fuzzy PID and PI-PD control on the dynamic response of the micro-grid by time domain simulation method, and analyzed the influence of different PI-PD controller parameters on the dynamic response of the micro-grid. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that, compared with the PID and fuzzy PID control method, the PI-PD control can achieve faster adjustment speed and smaller inverse quantity adjustment.Reasonable setting parameters of the PI-PD control can shorten the dynamic response time of the micro-grid, restrain the power fluctuation, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the micro-grid.
引文
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[16]杨秀媛,陈麒宇,王蒙,等.考虑网络约束的风电水电协同果蝇优化控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(18):5286-5293,5527.YANG Xiuyuan,CHEN Qiyu,WANG Meng,et al.Cooperating control for wind farm and hydro power plant based on the fruit fly optimization[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(18):5286-5293,5527.
[17]TAN N.Computation of stabilizing PI-PD controllers[J].International Journal of Control Automation and Systems,2009,7(2):175-184.
[18]程远楚,张江滨.水轮机自动调节[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010:205-206.CHENG Yuanchu,ZHANG Jiangbin.Automatic adjustment of the turbine[M].Beijing,China:China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press,2010:205-206.
[19]姜红芳.模糊PID控制在水调速系统中的实现[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2015:31-34.JIANG Hongfang.Fuzzy PID control in the implementation of the hydro turbine governing system[D].Wuhan,China:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2015:31-34.
[2]孙玉树,张国伟,唐西胜,等.基于风电波动平抑的储能配置影响因素[J].高电压技术,2018,44(10):3407-3416.SUN Yushu,ZHANG Guowei,TANG Xisheng,et al.Influential factors of sizing energy storage for wind power fluctuation mitigation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(10):3407-3416.
[3]张丹,王杰.国内微电网项目建设及发展趋势研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(2):451-458.ZHANG Dan,WANG Jie.Research on construction and development trend of micro-grid in China[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(2):451-458.
[4]畅建霞,王义民,黄强,等.水电与风电联合补偿调度机理研究与应用[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(3):68-73.CHANG Jianxia,WANG Yimin,HUANG Qiang,et al.Compensation operation mechanism of hydropower plant and wind power plant[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014,33(3):68-73.
[5]陈峦,陈池.常规水电在风电功率平抑控制的应用研究[J].可再生能源,2013,31(5):61-64.CHEN Luan,CHEN Chi.Application of conventional hydropower to power stabilizing control for grid-connected wind farm[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2013,31(5):61-64.
[6]安源,黄强,丁航,等.水电-风电联合运行优化调度研究[J].西安理工大学学报,2016,32(3):333-337.AN Yuan,HUANG Qiang,DING Hang,et al.Research on the joint operation of hydropower and wind power system[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,2016,32(3):333-337.
[7]李凤婷,晁勤,童菲.基于Matlab的水电-风电系统动稳仿真[J].水力发电,2007,33(7):66-68.LI Fengting,CHAO Qin,TONG Fei.Simulation of dynamic stability for water-wind power system based on Matlab[J].Water Power,2007,33(7):66-68.
[8]薛美娟,杨晓萍,马啸远.基于最优潮流理论的风电、梯级水电短期联合优化调度[J].水利学报,2014,45(3):368-375.XUE Meijuan,YANG Xiaoping,MA Xiaoyuan.The united optimal operation of wind power and cascaded hydropower based on the optimal power flow theory[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014,45(3):368-375.
[9]陈麒宇,TIM Littler,王海风,等.风电水电协同运行计划的优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(34):6074-6080.CHEN Qiyu,TIM Littler,WANG Haifeng,et al.Optimal scheduling for coordinated wind and hydro power generation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(34):6074-6080.
[10]关欣.大惯性比率水电机组对现代电力系统稳定性的影响[D].西安:西安理工大学,2018:67-79.GUAN Xin.The Influence of large inertia radio hydro-power unit on the stability of modern electric system[D].Xi’an,China:Xi’an University of Technology,2018:67-79.
[11]黄宇,王佳荣.水轮机调速系统的线性自抗扰优化控制[J].系统仿真学报,2016,28(12):3033-3040.HUANG Yu,WANG Jiarong.Optimized linear active disturbance rejection controller design for hydraulic turbine governing systems[J].Journal of System Simulation,2016,28(12):3033-3040.
[12]孔繁镍,李啸骢,吴杰康,等.具有多性能指标的水轮机调速器非线性设计[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(4):229-236.KONG Fannie,LI Xiaocong,WU Jiekang,et al.Multi-index nonlinear controller design for hydro turbine speed governor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(4):229-236.
[13]张醒,张德虎,刘莹莹.基于分数阶模糊PID控制的水轮机调节系统[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(6):504-510.ZHANG Xing,ZHANG Dehu,LIU Yingying.Hydraulic turbine governing system based on fractional-order fuzzy PID control[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2016,34(6):504-510.
[14]杨秀媛,陈瑶,陈麒宇,等.导前微分控制在风电水电协同运行中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(18):4591-4595.YANG Xiuyuan,CHEN Yao,CHEN Qiyu,et al.Application of lead differential control in coordinated hydro and wind power generation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(18):4591-4595.
[15]王蒙,杨秀媛,张丽,等.基于果蝇-BP的风水协同发电控制[J].电气工程学报,2016,11(10):44-52.WANG Meng,YANG Xiuyuan,ZHANG Li,et al.Review of controlling in cooperation of wind-hydro hybrid power based on the fruit fly-BP[J].Journal of Electrical Engineering,2016,11(10):44-52.
[16]杨秀媛,陈麒宇,王蒙,等.考虑网络约束的风电水电协同果蝇优化控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(18):5286-5293,5527.YANG Xiuyuan,CHEN Qiyu,WANG Meng,et al.Cooperating control for wind farm and hydro power plant based on the fruit fly optimization[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(18):5286-5293,5527.
[17]TAN N.Computation of stabilizing PI-PD controllers[J].International Journal of Control Automation and Systems,2009,7(2):175-184.
[18]程远楚,张江滨.水轮机自动调节[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010:205-206.CHENG Yuanchu,ZHANG Jiangbin.Automatic adjustment of the turbine[M].Beijing,China:China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press,2010:205-206.
[19]姜红芳.模糊PID控制在水调速系统中的实现[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2015:31-34.JIANG Hongfang.Fuzzy PID control in the implementation of the hydro turbine governing system[D].Wuhan,China:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2015:31-34.