饲养试验评定苜蓿和谷草的组合效应
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摘要
为研究苜蓿和谷草以何种比例搭配组合可以较好的发挥它们之间的组合效应,以60只空怀期小尾寒羊为试验动物,随机将其分为四组(每组3个重复,每个重复5只羊),分别饲喂由苜蓿和谷草以不同比例组成的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组日粮(将苜蓿和谷草分别100∶0、0∶100、50∶50、25∶75组成粗饲料,与精料补充料以6∶4比例组成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ4种日粮),进行为期40d的饲养试验(其中预饲期10d),以增重能量比(RGE)和增重蛋白比(RGP)为指标计算各组日粮的组合效应指数。结果表明:(1)试验羊的采食量和日增重随着日粮中苜蓿比例的增加而增加,Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组干物质采食量较Ⅱ组分别提高8.96%,6.39%,7.91%,差异显著(P<0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅲ组日增重较Ⅱ组分别提高51.46%、35.89%,差异显著(P<0.05),Ⅳ组日增重较Ⅱ组提高21.36%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)以RGE指标计算的Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的组合效应指数分别为7.5%、3.5%。(3)以RGP指标计算的Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的组合效应指数分别为4.5%、3.7%。试验结果表明,苜蓿和谷草分别以25∶75和50∶50的比例组合,均可提高日粮能量和蛋白质的转化效率,且以50∶50比例组合可获得最大的正组合效应。
This study aims to investigate the optimal proportion of millet stalks and alfalfa hay and their associate effects.Sixty one-year-old,non-pregnant Small-tailed Han sheep with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups(each group with 3 replicates,each replicates with 5 ewes)fed with different diets(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣ),separately,the roughage was mixed with different proportions of alfalfa hay and millet stalks(100∶0,0∶100,50∶50,25∶75),and the diets were composed by concentrate and roughage with the proportion of 4:6(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ).The feeding experiment lasted 40 days including 10 days for adjustment.RGE(the ration of gain and energy)and RGP(the ration of gain and protein)were selected as the index to estimate associate effects index(AEI)of different diets.Test results show:(1)With the increase of alfalfa hay ration in diets,the feed intake and daily gain are increased,and the DMI ofⅠ,ⅢandⅣis significantly increased by 8.96%,6.39% and 7.91%,respecitively(P<0.05).Compared with groupⅡ,the daily ADG of groupⅠandⅢis increased significantly by 51.46%and 35.89%(P<0.05),and the ADG of groupⅣis increased by 21.36%,but the difference is not significant(P>0.05).(2)The AEI ofⅢ,Ⅳ group is 7.5%,3.5%separately,when the RGE is the only evaluating index.(3)The AEI ofⅢ,Ⅳ group is 4.5%,3.7% separately,when the RGP is the only evaluating index.The results show that the alfalfa hay with 25%～50%in roughage gains better positive associate effect,and alfalfa hay mixed with millet stalks according to the ration of 50:50 can obtain the best positive associative effect in terms of energy and protein conversion efficiency.
This study aims to investigate the optimal proportion of millet stalks and alfalfa hay and their associate effects.Sixty one-year-old,non-pregnant Small-tailed Han sheep with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups(each group with 3 replicates,each replicates with 5 ewes)fed with different diets(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣ),separately,the roughage was mixed with different proportions of alfalfa hay and millet stalks(100∶0,0∶100,50∶50,25∶75),and the diets were composed by concentrate and roughage with the proportion of 4:6(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ).The feeding experiment lasted 40 days including 10 days for adjustment.RGE(the ration of gain and energy)and RGP(the ration of gain and protein)were selected as the index to estimate associate effects index(AEI)of different diets.Test results show:(1)With the increase of alfalfa hay ration in diets,the feed intake and daily gain are increased,and the DMI ofⅠ,ⅢandⅣis significantly increased by 8.96%,6.39% and 7.91%,respecitively(P<0.05).Compared with groupⅡ,the daily ADG of groupⅠandⅢis increased significantly by 51.46%and 35.89%(P<0.05),and the ADG of groupⅣis increased by 21.36%,but the difference is not significant(P>0.05).(2)The AEI ofⅢ,Ⅳ group is 7.5%,3.5%separately,when the RGE is the only evaluating index.(3)The AEI ofⅢ,Ⅳ group is 4.5%,3.7% separately,when the RGP is the only evaluating index.The results show that the alfalfa hay with 25%～50%in roughage gains better positive associate effect,and alfalfa hay mixed with millet stalks according to the ration of 50:50 can obtain the best positive associative effect in terms of energy and protein conversion efficiency.
引文
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[2] FRANCI O,ANTONGIOVANNI M,ACCIAIOLI A,et al.Response surface analyses of the associative effects of lucerne hay,wheat straw and maize gluten feed on growing lambs[J].Animal feed science and technology,1997,67(4):279-290.
[3] GILL M,BEEVER D E,BUTTERY P J,et al.The effect of oestradiol-17βimplantation on the response in voluntary intake,live-weight gain and body composition,to fishmeal supplementation of silage offered to growing calves[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1987,108(1),9-16.
[4]尹强,格根图,高静,等.苜蓿干草与玉米秸秆混合饲草对羔羊育肥效果的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(6):36-43.
[5]严冰.桑叶作为氨化稻草日粮蛋白质补充料的效果研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2000.
[6] HADDAD S G.Associative effects of supplementing barley straw diets with alfalfa hay on rumen environment and nutrient intake and digestibility for ewes[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2000,87:163-171.
[7]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[8] SLIVA A T,RSKOV E R.The effect of five different supplements on the degradation of straw in sheep given untreated barley straw[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1988,19(3):289-298.
[9]高静.应用饲草组合效应调控育肥羊肉用性能的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012.
[10] OLDHAM J D,BROSTER W H,NAPPER D J,et al.The effect of a low-protein ration on milk yield and plasma metabolites in Friesian heifers during early lactation[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1979,42(1):149-162.
[11]高玉龙.日粮中添加不同比例苜蓿对舍饲羊生产性能影响的研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2015.
[12]李丰成.苜蓿饲喂杂交肉羊育肥效果试验[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2014,44(2):19-20.
[13]王晓光.饲草型全混日粮饲用价值评价研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[14]吴世迪.几种肉羊常用粗饲料组合效应的演技[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015.
[15]涂吉华,贾志海,那仁巴图,等.补饲不同蛋白质水平精料对放牧绒山羊生产性能的影响[J].草食家畜,2008(2):33-37.
[16]戈新,王建华,张宝殉,等.营养水平对崂山奶山羊羔羊生长性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2011(3):60-61.
[17]崔娜.日粮营养水平和粗饲料加工对绒山羊主要养分摄入量以及生产性能的影响研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[2] FRANCI O,ANTONGIOVANNI M,ACCIAIOLI A,et al.Response surface analyses of the associative effects of lucerne hay,wheat straw and maize gluten feed on growing lambs[J].Animal feed science and technology,1997,67(4):279-290.
[3] GILL M,BEEVER D E,BUTTERY P J,et al.The effect of oestradiol-17βimplantation on the response in voluntary intake,live-weight gain and body composition,to fishmeal supplementation of silage offered to growing calves[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1987,108(1),9-16.
[4]尹强,格根图,高静,等.苜蓿干草与玉米秸秆混合饲草对羔羊育肥效果的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(6):36-43.
[5]严冰.桑叶作为氨化稻草日粮蛋白质补充料的效果研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2000.
[6] HADDAD S G.Associative effects of supplementing barley straw diets with alfalfa hay on rumen environment and nutrient intake and digestibility for ewes[J].Anim Feed Sci Technol,2000,87:163-171.
[7]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[8] SLIVA A T,RSKOV E R.The effect of five different supplements on the degradation of straw in sheep given untreated barley straw[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1988,19(3):289-298.
[9]高静.应用饲草组合效应调控育肥羊肉用性能的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012.
[10] OLDHAM J D,BROSTER W H,NAPPER D J,et al.The effect of a low-protein ration on milk yield and plasma metabolites in Friesian heifers during early lactation[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1979,42(1):149-162.
[11]高玉龙.日粮中添加不同比例苜蓿对舍饲羊生产性能影响的研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2015.
[12]李丰成.苜蓿饲喂杂交肉羊育肥效果试验[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2014,44(2):19-20.
[13]王晓光.饲草型全混日粮饲用价值评价研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[14]吴世迪.几种肉羊常用粗饲料组合效应的演技[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015.
[15]涂吉华,贾志海,那仁巴图,等.补饲不同蛋白质水平精料对放牧绒山羊生产性能的影响[J].草食家畜,2008(2):33-37.
[16]戈新,王建华,张宝殉,等.营养水平对崂山奶山羊羔羊生长性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2011(3):60-61.
[17]崔娜.日粮营养水平和粗饲料加工对绒山羊主要养分摄入量以及生产性能的影响研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.