基于方法集的番茄营养品质组合评价模型构建及其对水肥供应的响应
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摘要
为探索番茄营养品质综合评价方法,分析综合评价指标对水肥供应的响应,以灌水量、有机肥及氮、磷、钾肥用量为试验因素,按照五元二次通用旋转组合设计,进行番茄温室试验,监测番茄可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、糖酸比、番茄红素和维生素C等6项单一品质指标。应用方法集的思想,以主成分分析法、隶属函数分析法、基于组合赋权的TOPSIS模型和灰色关联度分析法4种独立的评价方法为基础,运用基于整体差异的组合评价模型,构建番茄营养品质组合评价模型,并探索综合评价指标对水肥供应的响应。结果表明,采用4种独立评价方法得到的评价值两两之间呈现出良好的相关性,通过KENDALL-W一致性检验。组合评价模型与各独立方法的评价值的相关系数均在0.943以上,表明组合评价模型的有效性。因此,以此建立番茄综合营养品质指标对水肥用量的响应函数。各水肥因子对番茄综合营养品质的主效应表现为:有机肥用量>施磷量>施氮量≥灌水量>施钾量。当其他因素为中间水平时,番茄综合营养品质随灌水量、施氮量、施磷量和有机肥用量均呈开口向下的抛物线型变化,随施钾量呈开口向上的抛物线型变化。交互作用表现为,灌水量与施钾量、灌水量与有机肥用量之间存在一定的负交互作用,施氮量和施磷量存在一定的正交互作用。将灌水量、有机肥及氮、磷、钾肥用量依次控制为447.9～462.6 mm、23.2～24.0 t·hm~(-2)、 532.6～581.0 kg·hm~(-2)、418.0～454.3 kg·hm~(-2)、712.6～776.9 kg·hm~(-2),是理论最优方案,可望获得较高的番茄综合营养品质值。
The objectives of this study were to investigate the response of tomato nutritional quality to irrigation and fertilization, and to explore a comprehensive method for evaluating the quality. A greenhouse experiment was designed using quadratic general composite rotatable method with five factors including irrigation, organic fertilizer, nitrogen(N) fertilizer, phosphorus(P) fertilizer, and potassium(K) fertilizer. Six quality indexes including soluble solid, soluble sugar, titratable acid, the ratio of sugar and acid, lycopene, and vitamin C were measured at the ripening stage of tomato fruit. We applied method set theory that is based on principal component analysis, membership function analysis, the TOPSIS model based on combination weighting, and grey relational grade analysis. By using whole diversity-based reasoning for objective combined evaluation, the evaluation model for tomato nutrition quality was established and its response to fertilization and irrigation was explored. The results showed that there was a strong correlation between the ranking values obtained by the 4 independent evaluation methods and they were verified by the KENDALL-W consistency test. The correlation coefficients of the ranking values between combination evaluation model and independent method were above 0.943, indicating the evaluation model was reliable. It also reflected the effectiveness of combination evaluation model. Therefore, the response function of tomato comprehensive nutritional quality index to water and fertilizer amount was established. The effects of water and fertilizer factors on the comprehensive nutrient quality of tomato ranked as organic fertilizer quantity > P quantity> N quantity ≥ irrigation quantity > K quantity. When other factors were at the intermediate levels, the comprehensive nutrition quality of tomato responded with increasing water, N, P, or organic fertilizer in an opening downwards parabola, and an opening upwards parabola with increasing K. A negative interaction of the amount of K fertilizer with irrigation and N fertilizer was observed. There was a positive interaction of the amount of P fertilizer and organic fertilizer. It indicated that nutritional quality tomato could be obtained when the amounts of irrigation, organic fertilizer, and N, P, and K fertilizers were at 447.9～462.6 mm, 23.2～24.0 t·hm~(-2), 532.6～581.0 kg·hm~(-2), 418.0～454.3 kg·hm~(-2), and 712.6～776.9 kg·hm~(-2), respectively.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the response of tomato nutritional quality to irrigation and fertilization, and to explore a comprehensive method for evaluating the quality. A greenhouse experiment was designed using quadratic general composite rotatable method with five factors including irrigation, organic fertilizer, nitrogen(N) fertilizer, phosphorus(P) fertilizer, and potassium(K) fertilizer. Six quality indexes including soluble solid, soluble sugar, titratable acid, the ratio of sugar and acid, lycopene, and vitamin C were measured at the ripening stage of tomato fruit. We applied method set theory that is based on principal component analysis, membership function analysis, the TOPSIS model based on combination weighting, and grey relational grade analysis. By using whole diversity-based reasoning for objective combined evaluation, the evaluation model for tomato nutrition quality was established and its response to fertilization and irrigation was explored. The results showed that there was a strong correlation between the ranking values obtained by the 4 independent evaluation methods and they were verified by the KENDALL-W consistency test. The correlation coefficients of the ranking values between combination evaluation model and independent method were above 0.943, indicating the evaluation model was reliable. It also reflected the effectiveness of combination evaluation model. Therefore, the response function of tomato comprehensive nutritional quality index to water and fertilizer amount was established. The effects of water and fertilizer factors on the comprehensive nutrient quality of tomato ranked as organic fertilizer quantity > P quantity> N quantity ≥ irrigation quantity > K quantity. When other factors were at the intermediate levels, the comprehensive nutrition quality of tomato responded with increasing water, N, P, or organic fertilizer in an opening downwards parabola, and an opening upwards parabola with increasing K. A negative interaction of the amount of K fertilizer with irrigation and N fertilizer was observed. There was a positive interaction of the amount of P fertilizer and organic fertilizer. It indicated that nutritional quality tomato could be obtained when the amounts of irrigation, organic fertilizer, and N, P, and K fertilizers were at 447.9～462.6 mm, 23.2～24.0 t·hm~(-2), 532.6～581.0 kg·hm~(-2), 418.0～454.3 kg·hm~(-2), and 712.6～776.9 kg·hm~(-2), respectively.
引文
[1] 李会合.蔬菜品质的研究进展[J].北方园艺,2006,(4):55-56.
[2] 刘浩,孙景生,王聪聪.灌溉对蔬菜品质影响的研究现状及发展趋势[J].中国农村水利水电,2011,(4):81-84.
[3] 牛晓丽,胡田田,周振江,等.水肥供应对番茄果实维生素C含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013,(3):37-42.
[4] 牛晓丽,周振江,瑞李,等.水肥供应对番茄中番茄红素含量的影响[J].园艺学报,2011,11(38):2111-2120.
[5] 陈贤,池涛,杨德.AHP法在番茄果实商品性状评价上的应用分析[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(2):432-435.
[6] 杜清洁,李建明,潘铜华,等.滴灌条件下水肥耦合对番茄产量及综合品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):10-17.
[7] 刘新华.基于熵值模型的亏缺灌溉对番茄产量与水分利用的综合评价[J].水利规划与设计,2015,(9):74-76.
[8] 杨慧,曹红霞,李红峥,等.基于空间分析法研究温室番茄优质高产的水氮模式[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(5):896-905.
[9] 孙健,成自勇,王铁良,等.日光温室春夏茬番茄灌溉模式试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2011,(6):1-3.
[10] 陈贤,吴兴恩,杨德,等.主成分权重法在番茄果实商品性综合评价上的应用探讨[J].吉林农业科学,2008,33(4):49-52.
[11] 马洪英,张远芳,张晓磊,等.运用隶属函数综合评价七份番茄种质资源[J].北方园艺,2011,(1):13-15.
[12] 吴丽君,魏艳秀.NaCl胁迫对番茄种子发芽和幼苗生理特性的影响[J].种子,2013,32(11):3-7.
[13] 庞胜群,赵飏,李格.灰色关联分析法综合评价不同品种加工番茄的品质[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2006,24(6):682-684.
[14] 袁丽萍.水氮供应对日光温室番茄生育及品质影响的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2004.
[15] 严海欧,鲁富宽.DTOPSIS法在番茄品种综合评价中的应用[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,(3):175-177.
[16] 夏秀波,王全华,尹国香,等.应用DTOPSIS法对早春日光温室番茄组合进行综合评价[J].长江蔬菜,2012,(2):21-24.
[17] 柳玉鹏,李一军.基于降维思想的客观组合评价模型[J].运筹与管理,2009,(4):38-43.
[18] 陈国宏,李美娟.基于方法集的综合评价方法集化研究[J].中国管理科学,2004,(1):102-106.
[19] 陈修斌,潘林,王勤礼,等.温室番茄水肥耦合数学模型及其优化方案研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2006,29(3):138-141.
[20] 闵炬,施卫明.不同施氮量对太湖地区大棚蔬菜产量、氮肥利用率及品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):151-157.
[21] 谢安坤,李志宏,张云贵,等.不同施氮水平对番茄产量、品质及土壤剖面硝态氮的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011,(1):26-29.
[22] 李柏洲,徐广玉.基于方法集的合作创新企业知识转移风险评价[J].科技进步与对策,2014,36(6):112-117.
[23] 陈秀香,马富裕,方志刚,等.土壤水分含量对加工番茄产量和品质影响的研究[J].节水灌溉,2006,(4):1-4.
[24] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:195-196,248-249.
[25] 西北农业大学植物生理生化教研组.植物生理学实验指导[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1987:122-123.
[26] 张连富,丁霄霖.番茄红素简便测定方法的建立[J].食品与发酵工业,2001,27(3):51-55.
[27] 吴雪,王坤元,牛晓丽,等.番茄综合营养品质指标构建及其对水肥供应的响应[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(7):119-127.
[28] 张占军.不同有机肥对大棚番茄产量和品质效应的影响[J].甘肃科技,2014,(7):147-148.
[29] 万群,阳淑,熊丙全.有机肥和化肥不同配比对番茄产量、品质及土壤养分和微生物的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(14):158-161.
[30] 张鹏,贾志宽,路文涛,等.不同有机肥施用量对宁南旱区土壤养分、酶活性及作物生产力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(5):1122-1130.
[31] 刘亚柏,刘伟忠,郭建,等.几种有机肥在有机桃树(拂晓)上的应用效果[J].江苏农业学报,2014,30(6):1531-1533.
[32] 钟希琼,王惠珍,邓日烈,等.生物有机肥对蔬菜生理性状和品质的影响[J].佛山科学技术学院学报(自然科学版),2005,23(2):74-76.
[33] Piccolo A,Concheri S N A G.Structural characteristics of humic substances as related to nitrate uptake and growth regulation in plant systems[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1992,24(4):373-380.
[34] 胡承孝,邓波儿,刘同仇.氮肥水平对蔬菜品质的影响[J].土壤肥料,1996,(3):34-36.
[35] 李远新,李进辉,何莉莉,等.氮磷钾配施对保护地番茄产量及品质的影响[J].中国蔬菜,1997,(4):12-15.
[36] Patanè C,Tringali S,Sortino O.Effects of deficit irrigation on biomass,yield,water productivity and fruit quality of processing tomato under semi-arid Mediterranean climate conditions[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2011,129(4):590-596.
[37] 毛定祥.一种最小二乘意义下主客观评价一致的组合评价方法[J].中国管理科学,2002,10(5):96-98.
[38] 陈国宏,李美娟.基于方法集的综合评价方法集化研究[J].中国管理科学,2004,12(1):102-106.
[39] 霜叶,李承荧,霞邱,等.基于组合赋权的TOPSIS模型在果实品质评价中的应用[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(10):111-121.
[40] 郭亚军,易平涛.一种基于整体差异的客观组合评价法[J].中国管理科学,2006,13(3):60-64.
[41] 林元庆,陈加良.方法群评价中权重集化问题的研究[J].中国管理科学,2002,10(专辑):20-22.
[42] 彭张林,张强,王素凤,等.基于评价结论的二次组合评价方法研究[J].中国管理科学,2016,(9):156-164.
[2] 刘浩,孙景生,王聪聪.灌溉对蔬菜品质影响的研究现状及发展趋势[J].中国农村水利水电,2011,(4):81-84.
[3] 牛晓丽,胡田田,周振江,等.水肥供应对番茄果实维生素C含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013,(3):37-42.
[4] 牛晓丽,周振江,瑞李,等.水肥供应对番茄中番茄红素含量的影响[J].园艺学报,2011,11(38):2111-2120.
[5] 陈贤,池涛,杨德.AHP法在番茄果实商品性状评价上的应用分析[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(2):432-435.
[6] 杜清洁,李建明,潘铜华,等.滴灌条件下水肥耦合对番茄产量及综合品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):10-17.
[7] 刘新华.基于熵值模型的亏缺灌溉对番茄产量与水分利用的综合评价[J].水利规划与设计,2015,(9):74-76.
[8] 杨慧,曹红霞,李红峥,等.基于空间分析法研究温室番茄优质高产的水氮模式[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(5):896-905.
[9] 孙健,成自勇,王铁良,等.日光温室春夏茬番茄灌溉模式试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2011,(6):1-3.
[10] 陈贤,吴兴恩,杨德,等.主成分权重法在番茄果实商品性综合评价上的应用探讨[J].吉林农业科学,2008,33(4):49-52.
[11] 马洪英,张远芳,张晓磊,等.运用隶属函数综合评价七份番茄种质资源[J].北方园艺,2011,(1):13-15.
[12] 吴丽君,魏艳秀.NaCl胁迫对番茄种子发芽和幼苗生理特性的影响[J].种子,2013,32(11):3-7.
[13] 庞胜群,赵飏,李格.灰色关联分析法综合评价不同品种加工番茄的品质[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2006,24(6):682-684.
[14] 袁丽萍.水氮供应对日光温室番茄生育及品质影响的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2004.
[15] 严海欧,鲁富宽.DTOPSIS法在番茄品种综合评价中的应用[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,(3):175-177.
[16] 夏秀波,王全华,尹国香,等.应用DTOPSIS法对早春日光温室番茄组合进行综合评价[J].长江蔬菜,2012,(2):21-24.
[17] 柳玉鹏,李一军.基于降维思想的客观组合评价模型[J].运筹与管理,2009,(4):38-43.
[18] 陈国宏,李美娟.基于方法集的综合评价方法集化研究[J].中国管理科学,2004,(1):102-106.
[19] 陈修斌,潘林,王勤礼,等.温室番茄水肥耦合数学模型及其优化方案研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2006,29(3):138-141.
[20] 闵炬,施卫明.不同施氮量对太湖地区大棚蔬菜产量、氮肥利用率及品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):151-157.
[21] 谢安坤,李志宏,张云贵,等.不同施氮水平对番茄产量、品质及土壤剖面硝态氮的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011,(1):26-29.
[22] 李柏洲,徐广玉.基于方法集的合作创新企业知识转移风险评价[J].科技进步与对策,2014,36(6):112-117.
[23] 陈秀香,马富裕,方志刚,等.土壤水分含量对加工番茄产量和品质影响的研究[J].节水灌溉,2006,(4):1-4.
[24] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:195-196,248-249.
[25] 西北农业大学植物生理生化教研组.植物生理学实验指导[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1987:122-123.
[26] 张连富,丁霄霖.番茄红素简便测定方法的建立[J].食品与发酵工业,2001,27(3):51-55.
[27] 吴雪,王坤元,牛晓丽,等.番茄综合营养品质指标构建及其对水肥供应的响应[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(7):119-127.
[28] 张占军.不同有机肥对大棚番茄产量和品质效应的影响[J].甘肃科技,2014,(7):147-148.
[29] 万群,阳淑,熊丙全.有机肥和化肥不同配比对番茄产量、品质及土壤养分和微生物的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(14):158-161.
[30] 张鹏,贾志宽,路文涛,等.不同有机肥施用量对宁南旱区土壤养分、酶活性及作物生产力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(5):1122-1130.
[31] 刘亚柏,刘伟忠,郭建,等.几种有机肥在有机桃树(拂晓)上的应用效果[J].江苏农业学报,2014,30(6):1531-1533.
[32] 钟希琼,王惠珍,邓日烈,等.生物有机肥对蔬菜生理性状和品质的影响[J].佛山科学技术学院学报(自然科学版),2005,23(2):74-76.
[33] Piccolo A,Concheri S N A G.Structural characteristics of humic substances as related to nitrate uptake and growth regulation in plant systems[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1992,24(4):373-380.
[34] 胡承孝,邓波儿,刘同仇.氮肥水平对蔬菜品质的影响[J].土壤肥料,1996,(3):34-36.
[35] 李远新,李进辉,何莉莉,等.氮磷钾配施对保护地番茄产量及品质的影响[J].中国蔬菜,1997,(4):12-15.
[36] Patanè C,Tringali S,Sortino O.Effects of deficit irrigation on biomass,yield,water productivity and fruit quality of processing tomato under semi-arid Mediterranean climate conditions[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2011,129(4):590-596.
[37] 毛定祥.一种最小二乘意义下主客观评价一致的组合评价方法[J].中国管理科学,2002,10(5):96-98.
[38] 陈国宏,李美娟.基于方法集的综合评价方法集化研究[J].中国管理科学,2004,12(1):102-106.
[39] 霜叶,李承荧,霞邱,等.基于组合赋权的TOPSIS模型在果实品质评价中的应用[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(10):111-121.
[40] 郭亚军,易平涛.一种基于整体差异的客观组合评价法[J].中国管理科学,2006,13(3):60-64.
[41] 林元庆,陈加良.方法群评价中权重集化问题的研究[J].中国管理科学,2002,10(专辑):20-22.
[42] 彭张林,张强,王素凤,等.基于评价结论的二次组合评价方法研究[J].中国管理科学,2016,(9):156-164.
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