湖相深水块状细粒沉积岩的特征及成因——以济阳坳陷始新统为例
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摘要
针对湖相块状细粒沉积岩成因的研究较少,其特征和成岩机制尚不明确。文中通过观察济阳坳陷始新统湖相细粒沉积岩,在1 093 m岩心中识别出95 m块状细粒沉积岩。孢粉和地球化学数据显示,形成块状细粒沉积岩的水体还原性和含盐度比相邻暗色页岩低,而气候更偏暖湿;连井剖面显示,块状细粒沉积岩位于浊积砂岩前端。再考虑其底部微冲刷和突变、顶部截切,以及内部矿物组分杂乱分布的特征,综合判断济阳坳陷始新统块状细粒沉积岩为浊流末梢沉积。温暖潮湿的气候和高沉积速率是块状细粒沉积岩沉积的主要触发机制,稀浊流能够大量携带浮游生物,并将其沉积在浊积泥中,可以作为一种潜在的有效烃源岩。
There are few studies on lacustrine massive fine-grained sedimentary rock, and its characteristics and diagenesis mechanism are not yet clearly defined. Based on core observation of the lacustrine environment of the Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China, we distinguished 95 m massive fine-grained sedimentary rock from the 1,093 m core. Pollen and geochemistry data prove that the water reducibility and salinity of massive fine-grained sedimentary rock are lower than that of adjacent dark shales,and the climate was warmer and more humid. The connecting-well section shows that massive fine-grained sedimentary rock is in the distal part of deep-water gravity-driven sandstone units. Considering the characteristics of the bottom gentle erosion and abrupt changes, top truncation, the disorganized and chaotic distribution of internal mineral components, the Eocene massive fine-grained sedimentary rock in the Jiyang Depression is comprehensively judged as turbidity-end deposits. Warm and humid climate and high deposition rate are two main trigger mechanisms of massive fine-grained sedimentary rocks. Dilute turbidity can carry large amounts of plankton and deposit it in turbid mud, which can be used as a potential effective source rock.
There are few studies on lacustrine massive fine-grained sedimentary rock, and its characteristics and diagenesis mechanism are not yet clearly defined. Based on core observation of the lacustrine environment of the Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China, we distinguished 95 m massive fine-grained sedimentary rock from the 1,093 m core. Pollen and geochemistry data prove that the water reducibility and salinity of massive fine-grained sedimentary rock are lower than that of adjacent dark shales,and the climate was warmer and more humid. The connecting-well section shows that massive fine-grained sedimentary rock is in the distal part of deep-water gravity-driven sandstone units. Considering the characteristics of the bottom gentle erosion and abrupt changes, top truncation, the disorganized and chaotic distribution of internal mineral components, the Eocene massive fine-grained sedimentary rock in the Jiyang Depression is comprehensively judged as turbidity-end deposits. Warm and humid climate and high deposition rate are two main trigger mechanisms of massive fine-grained sedimentary rocks. Dilute turbidity can carry large amounts of plankton and deposit it in turbid mud, which can be used as a potential effective source rock.
引文
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[21]LONGVA O,JANBU N,BLIKRA L,et al.The 1996 Finneidfjord slide,seafloor failure and slide dynamics[J].Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences,2003,10(11):531-538.
[22]MOSCARDELLI L,WOOD L,MANN P.Mass-transport complexes and associated processes in the offshore area of Trinidad and Venezuela[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(7):1059-1088.
[23]TRIPSANAS E K,PIPER D J,CAMPBELL D C.Evolution and depositional structure of earthquake-induced mass movements and gravity flows:southwest Orphan basin,Labrador Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2008,25(7):645-662.
[24]COLEMAN J M,PRIOR D B.Deltaic environments of deposition[J].AAPG Mem.,1982(31):139-178.
[25]NEMEC W.Aspects of sediment movement on steep delta slopes[C]//COLELLA A,PRIOR D B.Coarse-grained Deltas[M].Oxford:International Association of Sedimentologists,Special publication,1990:29-73.
[26]刘传联.琼东南盆地渐新统烃源岩微观沉积特征与沉积环境[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):573-578.
[27]BLANPIED C,STANLEY D J.Uniform mud(unifite)deposition in the Hellenic Trench,eastern Mediterranean[J].Research,1981,13(13):1-40.
[28]MCGLUE M M,ELLIS G S,COHEN A S.Modern muds of Laguna mar Chiquita(Argentina):particle size and organic matter geoch emical trends from a large saline lake in the thick-skinned Andean foreland[J].Special Paper of the Geological Society of America,2015,515(2):1-18.
[2]SCHIEBER J,SOUTHARD J B.Bedload transport of mud by floccule ripples:direct observation of ripple migration processes and their implications[J].Geology,2009,37(6):483-486.
[3]LOUCKS R G,RUPPEL S C.Mississippian Barnett shale:lithofacies and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gas succession in the fort worth basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):579-601.
[4]ABOUELRESH M O,SLATT R M.Lithofacies and sequence stratigraphy of the Barnett shale in east-central fort worth basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(1):1-22.
[5]BEHRENS E W.Unifite muds in intraslope basins,northwest gulf of Mexico[J].Geo-marine Letters,1984,4(3):227-233.
[6]鲜本忠,万锦峰,董艳蕾,等.湖相深水块状砂岩特征、成因及发育模式:以南堡凹陷东营组为例[J].岩石学报,2013,29(9):3287-3299.
[7]STANLEY D J.Unifites:structureless muds of gravity-flow origin in Mediterranean Basins[J].Geo-marine Letters,1981,1(2):77-83.
[8]STANLEY D J.The ocean basins and margins[M].New York:Plenum Press,1977:77-150.
[9]TRIPSANAS E K,BRYANT W R,PHANEUF B A.Depositional processes of uniform mud deposits(unifites),Hedberg basin,northwest gulf of Mexico:new perspectiv es[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(6):825-840.
[10]RYAN W B.Initial reports of the deep sea drilling project[M].Washingtone D.C.:National Science Foundation,1969:1-30.
[11]STOW D A,SHANMUGAM G.Sequence of structures in fine-grained turbidites:comparison of recent deep-sea and ancient flysch sediments[J].Sedimentary Geology,1980,25(1):23-42.
[12]OCHOA J,WOLAK J,GARDNER M H.Recognition criteria for distinguishing between hemipelagic and pelagic mudrocks in the characterization of deep-water reservoir heterogeneity[J].AAPG Bulletin,2013,97(10):1785-1803.
[13]MCCAVE I,JONES K.Deposition of ungraded muds from high-density non-turbulent turbidity currents[J].Nature,1988,333(6170):250-252.
[14]李丕龙,张善文,宋国奇,等.断陷盆地隐蔽油气藏形成机制:以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷为例[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(1):3-10.
[15]侯读杰,冯子辉,黄清华.松辽盆地白垩纪缺氧地质事件的地质地球化学特征[J].现代地质,2003,17(3):311-317.
[16]李守军,赵秀丽,殷天涛,等.山东彭庄早、中二叠世孢粉组合特征[J].地质学报,2013,87(12):1819-1825.
[17]SHANMUGAM G.New perspectives on deep-water sandstones:origin,recognition,initiation,and reservoir quality[C]//Elsevier:Handbook of Petroleum Exploration and Production,2012:524.
[18]MAZUMDER R,VAN LOON A T,ARIMA M.Soft-sediment deformation structures in the earth′s oldest seismites[J].Sedimentary Geology,2006,186(1):19-26.
[19]PIETRAS J T,CARROLL A R,RHODES M K.Lake basin response to tectonic drainage diversion:eocene green river formation,Wyoming[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2003,30(2):115-125.
[20]SEPLVEDA S A,PADILLA C.Rain-induced debris and mudflow triggering factors assessment in the Santiago cordilleran foothills,central Chile[J].Natural Hazards,2008,47(2):201-215.
[21]LONGVA O,JANBU N,BLIKRA L,et al.The 1996 Finneidfjord slide,seafloor failure and slide dynamics[J].Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences,2003,10(11):531-538.
[22]MOSCARDELLI L,WOOD L,MANN P.Mass-transport complexes and associated processes in the offshore area of Trinidad and Venezuela[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(7):1059-1088.
[23]TRIPSANAS E K,PIPER D J,CAMPBELL D C.Evolution and depositional structure of earthquake-induced mass movements and gravity flows:southwest Orphan basin,Labrador Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2008,25(7):645-662.
[24]COLEMAN J M,PRIOR D B.Deltaic environments of deposition[J].AAPG Mem.,1982(31):139-178.
[25]NEMEC W.Aspects of sediment movement on steep delta slopes[C]//COLELLA A,PRIOR D B.Coarse-grained Deltas[M].Oxford:International Association of Sedimentologists,Special publication,1990:29-73.
[26]刘传联.琼东南盆地渐新统烃源岩微观沉积特征与沉积环境[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):573-578.
[27]BLANPIED C,STANLEY D J.Uniform mud(unifite)deposition in the Hellenic Trench,eastern Mediterranean[J].Research,1981,13(13):1-40.
[28]MCGLUE M M,ELLIS G S,COHEN A S.Modern muds of Laguna mar Chiquita(Argentina):particle size and organic matter geoch emical trends from a large saline lake in the thick-skinned Andean foreland[J].Special Paper of the Geological Society of America,2015,515(2):1-18.
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