纹层状细粒沉积岩特征及主控因素分析——以渤海湾盆地东营凹陷沙四上—沙三下亚段为例
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摘要
针对页岩油选区评价研究的需要,以东营凹陷为例,基于东营凹陷沙四上—沙三下亚段岩心、岩石薄片、钻井和录井资料,开展了纹层状细粒沉积岩特征及主控因素分析。对比现代和古代湖泊纹层状细粒沉积物,总结出东营凹陷细粒沉积岩中发育的5种纹层类型,包括粉砂质纹层、泥质纹层、碳酸盐纹层、富有机质纹层和混合纹层,分析了各纹层的成因及形成环境。将宏观和微观相结合,从物质来源、搬运动力和沉积环境3个因素为出发点考虑,认为构造、气候和物源共同决定纹层的发育特征:(1)从沙四上段到沙三下亚段,纹层状细粒沉积岩发育区自东向西迁移,与构造沉降中心的演化趋势一致,另外,不同的构造单元发育不同的纹层类型,富有机质纹层主要位于开阔湖中的深洼区和内斜坡,粉砂质纹层分布于中央背斜带和南部斜坡带,碳酸盐纹层位于内斜坡区,混合纹层位于中央背斜带和南部斜坡带,泥质纹层分布范围广泛,在以上构造带均发育;(2)干旱的气候条件容易形成碳酸盐纹层,沙四上亚段碳酸盐纹层相对更发育;湿润的气候更容易形成富有机质纹层,在沙四上和沙三下湖扩体系域中,富有机质纹层十分发育;(3)物源对灰质纹层的分布范围具有明显的控制作用。在此基础上,提出了沙三下亚段纹层状岩相的发育模式。
A case study was made in the Dongying Sag to meet the needs of shale oil zone evaluation.The characteristics and dominating factors of lamellar fine-grained sedimentary rocks from the upper Es_4 member to the lower Es_3 member in the Dongying Sag were studied based on core and cast thin section observations combined with drilling and logging data. By comparing the lamellar fine-grained sedimentary rocks in ancient lakes with those in recent lakes,five types of laminae were identified,including silty,clay,carbonate,organic-rich and mixed ones. The origin and sedimentary environment of each type of laminae was analyzed. The study considered both macroscopic and microscopic features of laminae and the factors of sedimentary source,transport process and depositional environment,and made a conclusion that tectonic movement,climate change and source determined laminar characteristics as follows.( 1) From the upper Es_4 member to the lower Es_3 member,the distribution zone of lamellar fine-grained sedimentary rocks migrates from east to west,which is compatible with the evolution tendency of the tectonic subsidence center. Different laminar types developed in different tectonic units. The organic-rich laminae are mainly distributed in the deep depression and the southern slope. The silty laminae occur in the central anticline and the southern slope. The carbonate laminae are distributed in the inner slope. The mixed laminae are found in the central anticline and the southern slope. The clay laminae are distributed widely in all the above mentioned tectonic units.( 2) An arid climate led to high lake salinity and carbonate laminae were deposited. So the carbonate laminae are relevant to an arid climate. The organic-rich laminae tend to be deposited in damp climates,which are well-developed in lacustrine transgressive system tracts from the upper Es_4 member to the lower Es_3 member.( 3) Provenance has a significant control on limestone laminae distribution. A development mode of lamellar fine-grained sedimentary rocks was proposed.
A case study was made in the Dongying Sag to meet the needs of shale oil zone evaluation.The characteristics and dominating factors of lamellar fine-grained sedimentary rocks from the upper Es_4 member to the lower Es_3 member in the Dongying Sag were studied based on core and cast thin section observations combined with drilling and logging data. By comparing the lamellar fine-grained sedimentary rocks in ancient lakes with those in recent lakes,five types of laminae were identified,including silty,clay,carbonate,organic-rich and mixed ones. The origin and sedimentary environment of each type of laminae was analyzed. The study considered both macroscopic and microscopic features of laminae and the factors of sedimentary source,transport process and depositional environment,and made a conclusion that tectonic movement,climate change and source determined laminar characteristics as follows.( 1) From the upper Es_4 member to the lower Es_3 member,the distribution zone of lamellar fine-grained sedimentary rocks migrates from east to west,which is compatible with the evolution tendency of the tectonic subsidence center. Different laminar types developed in different tectonic units. The organic-rich laminae are mainly distributed in the deep depression and the southern slope. The silty laminae occur in the central anticline and the southern slope. The carbonate laminae are distributed in the inner slope. The mixed laminae are found in the central anticline and the southern slope. The clay laminae are distributed widely in all the above mentioned tectonic units.( 2) An arid climate led to high lake salinity and carbonate laminae were deposited. So the carbonate laminae are relevant to an arid climate. The organic-rich laminae tend to be deposited in damp climates,which are well-developed in lacustrine transgressive system tracts from the upper Es_4 member to the lower Es_3 member.( 3) Provenance has a significant control on limestone laminae distribution. A development mode of lamellar fine-grained sedimentary rocks was proposed.
引文
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[14]林会喜,鄢继华,袁文芳,等.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系沙河街组三段沉积相类型及平面分布特征[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(1):55-61.LIN Huixi,YAN Jihua,YUAN Wenfang,et al.Sedimentary facies types of the third member of the shahejie Formation in the Paleogene of the Dongying Depression,the Bohaiwan Basin and their distribution characters on plane[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2005,27(1):55-61.
[15]储国强,顾兆炎,许冰,等.东北四海龙湾玛珥湖沉积物纹层记年与137Cs,210Pb测年[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(2):202-207.CHU Guoqiang,GU Zhaoyan,XU Bing,et al.Varvechronology and radiometric dating(137Cs,210Pb)from the Sihailongwan Maar,northeastern China[J].Quaternary Sciences,2005,25(2):202-207.
[16]刘传联,舒小辛,刘志伟.济阳坳陷下第三系湖相生油岩的微观特征[J].沉积学报,2001,19(2):293-298.LIU Chuanlian,SHU Xiaoxin,LIU Zhiwei.Micro-characteristics of Paleogene lacustrine petroleum source rocks in Jiyang Depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2001,19(2):293-298.
[17]赵澄林,朱筱敏.沉积岩石学[M].3版.北京:石油工业出版社,2001.ZHAO Chenglin,ZHU Xiaomin.Sedimentary petrology[M].3rd ed.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001.
[18]董红梅,宋友桂.黏土矿物在古环境重建中的应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(6):119-130.DONG Hongmei,SONG Yougui.Clay mineralogy and its application to paleoenvironmental reconstruction[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2009,29(6):119-130.
[19]赵俊兴,李凤杰,申晓莉,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部长6和长7油层浊流事件的沉积特征及发育模式[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):389-394.ZHAO Junxing,LI Fengjie,SHEN Xiaoli,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and development pattern of turbidity event of Chang 6 and Chang 7 oil reservoirs in the southern Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(3):389-394.
[20]王慧中,梅洪明.东营凹陷沙三下亚段油页岩中古湖泊学信息[J].同济大学学报,1998,26(3):315-319.WANG Huizhong,MEI Hongming.Paleolimnological information from the oil shale in the lower part of Sha 3 Formation in Dongying Depression[J].Journal of Tongji University,1998,26(3):315-319.
[21]张顺,陈世悦,谭明友,等.东营凹陷西部沙河街组三段下亚段泥页岩沉积微相[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):633-645.ZHANG Shun,CHEN Shiyue,TAN Mingyou,et al.Characterization of sedimentary microfacies of shale in the lower third submember of Shahejie Formation,western Dongying Sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):633-645.
[22]任建业,张青林.东营凹陷中央背斜隆起带形成机制分析[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(3):254-262.REN Jianye,ZHANG Qinglin.Analysis of development mechanism for center anticline high in Dongying Depression[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2004,28(3):254-262.
[23]张林晔.湖相烃源岩研究进展[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(6):591-595.ZHANG Linye.The progress on the study of lacustrine source rocks[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2008,30(6):591-595.
[24]杨勇强,邱隆伟,姜在兴,等.东营凹陷沙四上亚段滩坝物源体系[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(1):46-53.YANG Yongqiang,QIU Longwei,JIANG Zaixing,et al.Beach bar-provenance system on the upper part of fourth member of Shahejie Formation in Dongying Sag[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2011,41(1):46-53.
[2]DE GEER G.Geochronology of the last 12,000 years[M]//DULLO W C,VEREINIGUNG E V G.Milestones in Geosciences.Berlin:Springer,2003:100-110.
[3]沈吉,薛滨,吴敬禄,等.湖泊沉积与环境演化[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.SHEN Ji,XUE Bin,WU Jinglu,et al.Lake deposition and environmental evolution[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010.
[4]ZOLITSCHKA B,FRANCUS P,OJALA A E K,et al.Varves in lake sediments:a review[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2015,117:1-41.
[5]郝运轻,王朴,刘惠民,等.济阳坳陷古近系泥页岩成因相划分[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2016,35(6):981-990.HAO Yunqing,WANG Pu,LIU Huimin,et al.Genetic facies classification of Paleogene mudstone in Jiyang Depression[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,2016,35(6):981-990.
[6]周爱锋,陈发虎,强明瑞,等.内陆干旱区柴达木盆地苏干湖年纹层的发现及其意义[J].中国科学(D辑地球科学),2007,37(7):941-948.ZHOU Aifeng,CHEN Fahu,QIANG Mingrui,et al.The discovery of annually laminated sediments(varves)from shallow Sugan Lake in inland arid China and their paleoclimatic significance[J].Science in China(Series D Earth Sciences),2007,50(8):1218-1224.
[7]王冠民.济阳坳陷古近系页岩的纹层组合及成因分类[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(3):666-671.WANG Guanmin.Laminae combination and genetic classification of Eogene shale in Jiyang Depression[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(3):666-671.
[8]MA Yiquan,FAN Majie,LU Yongchao,et al.Middle Eocene paleohydrology of the Dongying Depression in eastern China from sedimentological and geochemical signatures of lacustrine mudstone[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2017,479:16-33.
[9]王冠民,钟建华.湖泊纹层的沉积机理研究评述与展望[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2004,23(1):43-48.WANG Guanmin,ZHONG Jianhua.A review and the prospects of the researches on sedimentary mechanism of lacustrine laminae[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,2004,23(1):43-48.
[10]YAWAR Z,SCHIEBER J.On the origin of silt laminae in laminated shales[J].Sedimentary Geology,2017,360:22-34.
[11]刘惠民,孙善勇,操应长,等.东营凹陷沙三段下亚段细粒沉积岩岩相特征及其分布模式[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(1):1-10.LIU Huimin,SUN Shanyong,CAO Yingchang,et al.Lithofacies characteristics and distribution model of fine-grained sedimentary rock in the lower Es3member,Dongying Sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(1):1-10.
[12]张顺,王永诗,刘惠民,等.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷细粒沉积微相对页岩油储层微观结构的控制作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):923-934.ZHANG Shun,WANG Yongshi,LIU Huimin,et al.Controlling effect of fine-grained sedimentary microfacies upon the microstructure of shale oil reservoirs in the Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,37(6):923-934.
[13]张顺,陈世悦,崔世凌,等.东营凹陷半深湖—深湖细粒沉积岩岩相类型及特征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(5):9-17.ZHANG Shun,CHEN Shiyue,CUI Shiling,et al.Characteristics and types of fine-grained sedimentary rocks lithofacies in semideep and deep lacustrine,Dongying Sag[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2014,38(5):9-17.
[14]林会喜,鄢继华,袁文芳,等.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系沙河街组三段沉积相类型及平面分布特征[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(1):55-61.LIN Huixi,YAN Jihua,YUAN Wenfang,et al.Sedimentary facies types of the third member of the shahejie Formation in the Paleogene of the Dongying Depression,the Bohaiwan Basin and their distribution characters on plane[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2005,27(1):55-61.
[15]储国强,顾兆炎,许冰,等.东北四海龙湾玛珥湖沉积物纹层记年与137Cs,210Pb测年[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(2):202-207.CHU Guoqiang,GU Zhaoyan,XU Bing,et al.Varvechronology and radiometric dating(137Cs,210Pb)from the Sihailongwan Maar,northeastern China[J].Quaternary Sciences,2005,25(2):202-207.
[16]刘传联,舒小辛,刘志伟.济阳坳陷下第三系湖相生油岩的微观特征[J].沉积学报,2001,19(2):293-298.LIU Chuanlian,SHU Xiaoxin,LIU Zhiwei.Micro-characteristics of Paleogene lacustrine petroleum source rocks in Jiyang Depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2001,19(2):293-298.
[17]赵澄林,朱筱敏.沉积岩石学[M].3版.北京:石油工业出版社,2001.ZHAO Chenglin,ZHU Xiaomin.Sedimentary petrology[M].3rd ed.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001.
[18]董红梅,宋友桂.黏土矿物在古环境重建中的应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(6):119-130.DONG Hongmei,SONG Yougui.Clay mineralogy and its application to paleoenvironmental reconstruction[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2009,29(6):119-130.
[19]赵俊兴,李凤杰,申晓莉,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部长6和长7油层浊流事件的沉积特征及发育模式[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):389-394.ZHAO Junxing,LI Fengjie,SHEN Xiaoli,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and development pattern of turbidity event of Chang 6 and Chang 7 oil reservoirs in the southern Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(3):389-394.
[20]王慧中,梅洪明.东营凹陷沙三下亚段油页岩中古湖泊学信息[J].同济大学学报,1998,26(3):315-319.WANG Huizhong,MEI Hongming.Paleolimnological information from the oil shale in the lower part of Sha 3 Formation in Dongying Depression[J].Journal of Tongji University,1998,26(3):315-319.
[21]张顺,陈世悦,谭明友,等.东营凹陷西部沙河街组三段下亚段泥页岩沉积微相[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):633-645.ZHANG Shun,CHEN Shiyue,TAN Mingyou,et al.Characterization of sedimentary microfacies of shale in the lower third submember of Shahejie Formation,western Dongying Sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):633-645.
[22]任建业,张青林.东营凹陷中央背斜隆起带形成机制分析[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(3):254-262.REN Jianye,ZHANG Qinglin.Analysis of development mechanism for center anticline high in Dongying Depression[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2004,28(3):254-262.
[23]张林晔.湖相烃源岩研究进展[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(6):591-595.ZHANG Linye.The progress on the study of lacustrine source rocks[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2008,30(6):591-595.
[24]杨勇强,邱隆伟,姜在兴,等.东营凹陷沙四上亚段滩坝物源体系[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(1):46-53.YANG Yongqiang,QIU Longwei,JIANG Zaixing,et al.Beach bar-provenance system on the upper part of fourth member of Shahejie Formation in Dongying Sag[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2011,41(1):46-53.
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