陆相湖盆细粒沉积区页岩层系石油地质特征与油气发现——以黄骅坳陷沧东凹陷孔二段为例
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摘要
传统观点认为,湖盆半深湖-深湖区主要以高黏土、低陆源碎屑的相对均质泥页岩类烃源岩为主,是寻找油气藏的"禁区",但近年来中外页岩油气的勘探发现完全突破了过去的传统认识。为探究湖盆细粒沉积区页岩层系基本地质特征,以G108-8,GD14及GD12三口井635 m岩心8 000余块次分析化验资料及配套测井、录井资料为基础,对黄骅坳陷沧东凹陷孔二段页岩层系开展了岩性特征、储层特征、有机地化特征及其对储层的影响改造作用等方面的研究。研究发现,孔二段页岩层系矿物组分复杂、岩石类型多样,按照X射线衍射矿物组分可划分为长英质页岩、灰云岩及混合质页岩等3大类、7小类;页岩层系不仅具有生油能力,而且具有一定的储集能力,发育有机质孔、晶间孔、微裂缝等多类型的孔缝系统,且具有良好的工程可改造性;有机质的丰度、热演化成熟度等对页岩层系储层的孔隙发育、含油量、碳酸盐结晶程度等具有明显的影响。页岩层系矿物组成及结构构造的差异性造成了不同岩石类型石油地质特征的差异,灰云岩类应寻找短距离运移烃,而长英质页岩和混合质页岩应以寻找自身滞留烃为主,三大岩石类型均可成为页岩油良好储层,但不同岩石类型应采取相适应的工程改造措施,才能最大化页岩油的勘探开发效益。
According to the traditional view,the semi-deep lake-deep lake area in the lacustrine basin is mainly dominated by relatively homogeneous mudstone shale with high clay and low terrigenous clast,which is a forbidden area for hydrocarbon exploration. But in recent years,the exploration and discovery of shale oil and gas in China and abroad has completely broken through the traditional understanding of the past. In order to research the basic geological characteristics of shale system in fine-grained sedimentary area of the lacustrine basin,based on 635 m cores of Well G108-8,Well GD14 and Well GD12,more than 8 000 analytical laboratory data and matching logging data,the lithologic characteristics,reservoir characteristics,organic geochemical characteristics and their influence on the reservoir stimulation of Kong2 Member in Cangdong Sag,Huanghua Depression were studied. It's found that the mineral composition of shale system in Kong2 Member is complex and the rock types are diverse. According to the X-ray diffraction(XRD)mineral composition,the shale system can be divided into three categories and seven sub-categories,such as felsic shale,limy dolomite and hybrid shale.Shale system not only has ability to generate oil but also has a certain storage capacity,in which there are many kinds of pores and fractures,such as organic pore,intergranular pore,micro-crack,etc. The shale can be easily stimulated as well.The abundance of organic matter and the maturity of thermal evolution have obvious effects on the porosity development,oil content and carbonate crystallization of shale oil reservoirs. The differences in mineral composition and structure of shale result in differences in petroleum geology among different rocks. Hydrocarbon of short-distance migration should be look for in limy dolomite,while the hydrocarbons of in-situ retention should mainly be look for in felsic shale and hybrid shale.All the three types of shale are beneficial for shale oil storage,but different types of shale should be stimulated by different engineering measures to maximize the exploration and development of shale oil.
According to the traditional view,the semi-deep lake-deep lake area in the lacustrine basin is mainly dominated by relatively homogeneous mudstone shale with high clay and low terrigenous clast,which is a forbidden area for hydrocarbon exploration. But in recent years,the exploration and discovery of shale oil and gas in China and abroad has completely broken through the traditional understanding of the past. In order to research the basic geological characteristics of shale system in fine-grained sedimentary area of the lacustrine basin,based on 635 m cores of Well G108-8,Well GD14 and Well GD12,more than 8 000 analytical laboratory data and matching logging data,the lithologic characteristics,reservoir characteristics,organic geochemical characteristics and their influence on the reservoir stimulation of Kong2 Member in Cangdong Sag,Huanghua Depression were studied. It's found that the mineral composition of shale system in Kong2 Member is complex and the rock types are diverse. According to the X-ray diffraction(XRD)mineral composition,the shale system can be divided into three categories and seven sub-categories,such as felsic shale,limy dolomite and hybrid shale.Shale system not only has ability to generate oil but also has a certain storage capacity,in which there are many kinds of pores and fractures,such as organic pore,intergranular pore,micro-crack,etc. The shale can be easily stimulated as well.The abundance of organic matter and the maturity of thermal evolution have obvious effects on the porosity development,oil content and carbonate crystallization of shale oil reservoirs. The differences in mineral composition and structure of shale result in differences in petroleum geology among different rocks. Hydrocarbon of short-distance migration should be look for in limy dolomite,while the hydrocarbons of in-situ retention should mainly be look for in felsic shale and hybrid shale.All the three types of shale are beneficial for shale oil storage,but different types of shale should be stimulated by different engineering measures to maximize the exploration and development of shale oil.
引文
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