湖相富有机质细粒沉积岩地球化学特征及其对致密油气成藏的影响——以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组长7段为例
|
摘要
以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区三叠系延长组长7油层组为例,在岩心描述与测井解释的基础上,应用岩石热解、同位素测定、显微组分分析、气相色谱、色谱—质谱等技术方法,深入剖析湖相富有机质细粒沉积岩的地质、地球化学特征,研究细粒沉积岩的展布情况,并探讨其对致密油成藏的作用。结果表明:湖相富有机质细粒沉积岩按照岩性及结构的不同可分为富有机质页岩及富有机质泥岩,富有机质页岩沉积于水体安静缺氧的深湖环境中,水体分层明显,有机质丰度高,主要来源于浮游生物和底栖藻类生物;富有机质泥岩主要沉积于水体相对略浅的半深湖环境中,水体盐度相对较低,有机质丰度低,为浮游生物和陆源碎屑物质的混合来源。陇东地区富有机质细粒沉积岩发育最厚的区域位于八珠—马岭—庆城—华池一带,其中富有机质页岩主要发育于长73亚段,富有机质泥岩在长7段各个亚段均有所发育。陇东地区致密油在长7浊积砂体中广泛分布,其油源主要为长73亚段富有机质页岩,油层的展布受控于富有机质细粒沉积岩的发育程度。
In order to clarify the distribution characteristics of lacustrine organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks and its effects on tight oil accumulation,the Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Longdong area of Ordos Basin was taken as an example to study the geological and geochemical characteristics by rock pyrolysis,isotopic determination,maceral analysis,gas chromatography(GC),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),core description and log interpretation.Lacustrine organic-rich finegrained sedimentary rocks were divided into organic-rich shale and organic-rich mudstone according to their lithology and texture.The results show that organic-rich shale deposited in the quiet and anoxic deep lake environment,the stratification of water was obvious,the abundance of organic matter is high,and the organic matter mainly came from plankton and benthic algae(type Ⅰ-Ⅱ1).Organic-rich mudstone mainly deposited in the semi-deep lake environment,where the water was relatively shallow,the salinity of water was relatively low,and the abundance of organic matter was low,and the organic matter was derived from the mixed source of plankton and terrestrial clastic(typeⅡ1-Ⅱ2).The organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock in the area of Bazhu-Maling-Qingcheng-Huachi is the thickest in Longdong area.The organic-rich shale is mainly developed in Chang 73 sub-member,while the organic-rich mudstone is developed in each sub-member of Chang 7 member.In Longdong area,tight oil is widely distributed in the Chang 7 turbidite sand bodies,and it was mainly derived from the Chang 73 organic-rich shale.The distribution of reservoir is controlled by the development of organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks.
In order to clarify the distribution characteristics of lacustrine organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks and its effects on tight oil accumulation,the Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Longdong area of Ordos Basin was taken as an example to study the geological and geochemical characteristics by rock pyrolysis,isotopic determination,maceral analysis,gas chromatography(GC),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),core description and log interpretation.Lacustrine organic-rich finegrained sedimentary rocks were divided into organic-rich shale and organic-rich mudstone according to their lithology and texture.The results show that organic-rich shale deposited in the quiet and anoxic deep lake environment,the stratification of water was obvious,the abundance of organic matter is high,and the organic matter mainly came from plankton and benthic algae(type Ⅰ-Ⅱ1).Organic-rich mudstone mainly deposited in the semi-deep lake environment,where the water was relatively shallow,the salinity of water was relatively low,and the abundance of organic matter was low,and the organic matter was derived from the mixed source of plankton and terrestrial clastic(typeⅡ1-Ⅱ2).The organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock in the area of Bazhu-Maling-Qingcheng-Huachi is the thickest in Longdong area.The organic-rich shale is mainly developed in Chang 73 sub-member,while the organic-rich mudstone is developed in each sub-member of Chang 7 member.In Longdong area,tight oil is widely distributed in the Chang 7 turbidite sand bodies,and it was mainly derived from the Chang 73 organic-rich shale.The distribution of reservoir is controlled by the development of organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks.
引文
[1]Hu S Y,Zhu R K,Wu S T,et al.Exploration and development of continental tight oil in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):790-802.
[2]Jia Chengzao,Zheng Min,Zhang Yongfeng.Unconventional hydrocarbon resources in China and the prospect of exploration and development[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(2):129-136.贾承造,郑民,张永峰.中国非常规油气资源与勘探开发前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):129-136.
[3]Pu X G,Zhou L H,Han W Z,et al.Geologic features of finegrained facies sedimentation and tight oil exploration:A case from the second member of Paleogene Kongdian Formation of Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(1):24-33.
[4]Hao Z G,Fei H C,Hao Q Q,et al.Major breakthroughs in geological theory,key techniques and exploration of tight oil in China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(1):362-363.
[5]Ghanizadeh A,Clarkson C R,Aquino S,et al.Petrophysical and geomechanical characteristics of Canadian tight oil and liquid-rich gas reservoirs:Pore network and permeability characterization[J].Fuel,2015,153:664-681.
[6]Liang H,Li X N,Ma Q,et al.Geological features and exploration potential of Permian Tiaohu Formation tight oil,Santanghu Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(5):616-627.
[7]Du Jinhu,Liu He,Ma Desheng,et al.Discussion on effective development techniques for continental tight oil in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(2):198-205.杜金虎,刘合,马德胜,等.试论中国陆相致密油有效开发技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):198-205.
[8]Aplin A C,Macquaker J S H.Mudstone diversity:origin and implications for source,seal and reservoir properties in petroleum system[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(12):2031-2059.
[9]Picard M D.Classification of fine-grained sedimentary rocks[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1971,41(1):179-195.
[10]Liang Chao.The Sedimentation and Reservoir Formation Mechanism of Hydrocarbon-bearing Fine-grained Sedimentary Rocks[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2017:2-13.梁超,含油气细粒沉积岩沉积作用与储层形成机理[D].北京:中国地质大学,2017:2-13.
[11]Jiang Zaixing,Liang Chao,Wu Jing,et al.Several issues in sedimentological studies on hydrocarbon-bearing fine-grained sedimentary rocks[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(6):1031-1039.姜在兴,梁超,吴靖,等.含油气细粒沉积岩研究的几个问题[J].石油学报,2013,34(6):1031-1039.
[12]Zhang Shun,Liu Huimin,Chen Shiyue,et al.Classification scheme for lithofacies of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in faulted basins of eastern China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(5):1108-1119.张顺,刘惠民,陈世悦,等.中国东部断陷湖盆细粒沉积岩岩相划分方案探讨---以渤海湾盆地南部古近系细粒沉积岩为例[J].地质学报,2017,91(5):1108-1119.
[13]Fu Jinhua,Deng Xiuqin,Chu Meijuan,et al.Features of deepwater lithofacies,Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin and its petroleum significance[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(5):928-938.付金华,邓秀芹,楚美娟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组深水岩相发育特征及其石油地质意义[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):928-938.
[14]Lucy T,Robert G,Zhang T W,et al.Pore and pore network evaluation of Upper Cretaceous Boquillas(Eagle Ford-equivalent)mudrocks:Results from gold tube pyrolysis experiments[J].AAPG Bulletin,2016,100(11):1693-1722.
[15]Liu Xijie,Ma Zunjing,Han Dong,et al.Research on the main factors of high quality tight sandstone reservoir in Linxing block,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2018,29(4):481-490.刘喜杰,马遵敬,韩冬,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴区块致密砂岩优质储层形成的主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(4):481-490.
[16]Yang Zhifeng,Zeng Jianhui,Han Fei.Analysis of influencing factors on tight oil charging of the 7th member of Yanchang Formation in southwestern Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2018,29(7):961-972.杨智峰,曾溅辉,韩菲.鄂尔多斯盆地西南部延长组长7段致密油充注影响因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(7):961-972.
[17]Yang Renchao,Yin Wei,Fan Aiping,et al.Fine-grained,lacustrine gravity-flow deposits and their hydrocarbon significance in the Triassic Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2017,19(5):791-806.杨仁超,尹伟,樊爱萍,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部三叠系延长组湖相重力流沉积细粒岩及其油气地质意义[J].古地理学报,2017,19(5):791-806.
[18]Xu Liming,Zhou Lifa,Zhang Yikai,et al.Characteristics and tectonic setting of tectono-stress field of Ordos Basin[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2006,30(4):455-462.徐黎明,周立发,张义楷,等.鄂尔多斯盆地构造应力场特征及其构造背景[J].大地构造与成矿学,2006,30(4):455-462.
[19]Zhao Zhenyu,Guo Yanru,Wang Yan,et al.Study progress in tectonic evolution and paleogeography of Ordos Basin[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2012,19(5):15-21.赵振宇,郭彦如,王艳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化及古地理特征研究进展[J].特种油气藏,2012,19(5):15-21.
[20]Li Fengjie,Wang Duoyun,Zhang Qinglong,et al.Sedmientary facies characteristic and sequence stratigraphy analysis of Yanchang Formation in Longdong area,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(4):549-554.李凤杰,王多云,张庆龙,等.鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组沉积相特征与层序地层分析[J].沉积学报,2006,24(4):549-554.
[21]Zhang Xu.Research on Reservoir Characteristics and Diagenesis Evolution of the Neogene Fine-grained Sedimentary Rocks in the Northwestern Qaidam Basin[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Geological Science,2017:1-19.张旭,柴达木盆地西北区新近系细粒沉积岩油气储集特征与成岩演化研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2017:1-19.
[22]Yuan Xuanjun,Lin Senhu,Liu Qun,et al.Lacustrine finegrained sedimentary features and organic-rich shale distribution pattern:A case study of Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(1):34-43.袁选俊,林森虎,刘群,等.湖盆细粒沉积特征与富有机质页岩分布模式---以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7油层组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(1):34-43.
[23]Hou Dujie,Feng Zihui.Oil and Gas Geochemistry:Volume 1[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011:201-243.侯读杰,冯子辉.油气地球化学:卷一[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011:201-243.
[24]Li Wei,Wen Zhigang.Characteristics of fine-grained sediments from the 7th member of the Yangchang Formation in the southwestern Ordos Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(5):1120-1129.李威,文志刚.鄂尔多斯盆地西南地区延长组长7段细粒沉积物特征研究[J].地质学报,2017,91(5):1120-1129.
[25]Lu Shuangfang,Zhang Min,Zhong Ningning.Oil and Gas Geochemistry:Volume 1[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008:171-191.卢双舫,张敏,钟宁宁.油气地球化学:卷一[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:171-191.
[26]Zhao Xianzheng,Pu Xiugang,Han Wenzhong,et al.A new method for lithology identification of fine grained deposits and reservoir sweet spot analysis:A case study of Kong 2member in Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(4):492-502.赵贤正,蒲秀刚,韩文中,等.细粒沉积岩性识别新方法与储集层甜点分析---以渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔店组二段为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(4):492-502.
[27]Fu Jinhua,Li Shixiang,Liu Xianyang,et al.Sedimentary facies and its evolution of the Chang 9interval of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(3):269-284.付金华,李士祥,刘显阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长9油层沉积相及其演化[J].古地理学报,2012,14(3):269-284.
[28]Zhang Jiajia,Li Hongbing,Yao Fengchang.A geophysical method for the identification and evaluation of oil shale[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(4):625-632.张佳佳,李宏兵,姚逢昌.油页岩的地球物理识别和评价方法[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):625-632.
[2]Jia Chengzao,Zheng Min,Zhang Yongfeng.Unconventional hydrocarbon resources in China and the prospect of exploration and development[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(2):129-136.贾承造,郑民,张永峰.中国非常规油气资源与勘探开发前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):129-136.
[3]Pu X G,Zhou L H,Han W Z,et al.Geologic features of finegrained facies sedimentation and tight oil exploration:A case from the second member of Paleogene Kongdian Formation of Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(1):24-33.
[4]Hao Z G,Fei H C,Hao Q Q,et al.Major breakthroughs in geological theory,key techniques and exploration of tight oil in China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(1):362-363.
[5]Ghanizadeh A,Clarkson C R,Aquino S,et al.Petrophysical and geomechanical characteristics of Canadian tight oil and liquid-rich gas reservoirs:Pore network and permeability characterization[J].Fuel,2015,153:664-681.
[6]Liang H,Li X N,Ma Q,et al.Geological features and exploration potential of Permian Tiaohu Formation tight oil,Santanghu Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(5):616-627.
[7]Du Jinhu,Liu He,Ma Desheng,et al.Discussion on effective development techniques for continental tight oil in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(2):198-205.杜金虎,刘合,马德胜,等.试论中国陆相致密油有效开发技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):198-205.
[8]Aplin A C,Macquaker J S H.Mudstone diversity:origin and implications for source,seal and reservoir properties in petroleum system[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(12):2031-2059.
[9]Picard M D.Classification of fine-grained sedimentary rocks[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1971,41(1):179-195.
[10]Liang Chao.The Sedimentation and Reservoir Formation Mechanism of Hydrocarbon-bearing Fine-grained Sedimentary Rocks[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2017:2-13.梁超,含油气细粒沉积岩沉积作用与储层形成机理[D].北京:中国地质大学,2017:2-13.
[11]Jiang Zaixing,Liang Chao,Wu Jing,et al.Several issues in sedimentological studies on hydrocarbon-bearing fine-grained sedimentary rocks[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(6):1031-1039.姜在兴,梁超,吴靖,等.含油气细粒沉积岩研究的几个问题[J].石油学报,2013,34(6):1031-1039.
[12]Zhang Shun,Liu Huimin,Chen Shiyue,et al.Classification scheme for lithofacies of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in faulted basins of eastern China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(5):1108-1119.张顺,刘惠民,陈世悦,等.中国东部断陷湖盆细粒沉积岩岩相划分方案探讨---以渤海湾盆地南部古近系细粒沉积岩为例[J].地质学报,2017,91(5):1108-1119.
[13]Fu Jinhua,Deng Xiuqin,Chu Meijuan,et al.Features of deepwater lithofacies,Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin and its petroleum significance[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(5):928-938.付金华,邓秀芹,楚美娟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组深水岩相发育特征及其石油地质意义[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):928-938.
[14]Lucy T,Robert G,Zhang T W,et al.Pore and pore network evaluation of Upper Cretaceous Boquillas(Eagle Ford-equivalent)mudrocks:Results from gold tube pyrolysis experiments[J].AAPG Bulletin,2016,100(11):1693-1722.
[15]Liu Xijie,Ma Zunjing,Han Dong,et al.Research on the main factors of high quality tight sandstone reservoir in Linxing block,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2018,29(4):481-490.刘喜杰,马遵敬,韩冬,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴区块致密砂岩优质储层形成的主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(4):481-490.
[16]Yang Zhifeng,Zeng Jianhui,Han Fei.Analysis of influencing factors on tight oil charging of the 7th member of Yanchang Formation in southwestern Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2018,29(7):961-972.杨智峰,曾溅辉,韩菲.鄂尔多斯盆地西南部延长组长7段致密油充注影响因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(7):961-972.
[17]Yang Renchao,Yin Wei,Fan Aiping,et al.Fine-grained,lacustrine gravity-flow deposits and their hydrocarbon significance in the Triassic Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2017,19(5):791-806.杨仁超,尹伟,樊爱萍,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部三叠系延长组湖相重力流沉积细粒岩及其油气地质意义[J].古地理学报,2017,19(5):791-806.
[18]Xu Liming,Zhou Lifa,Zhang Yikai,et al.Characteristics and tectonic setting of tectono-stress field of Ordos Basin[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2006,30(4):455-462.徐黎明,周立发,张义楷,等.鄂尔多斯盆地构造应力场特征及其构造背景[J].大地构造与成矿学,2006,30(4):455-462.
[19]Zhao Zhenyu,Guo Yanru,Wang Yan,et al.Study progress in tectonic evolution and paleogeography of Ordos Basin[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2012,19(5):15-21.赵振宇,郭彦如,王艳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化及古地理特征研究进展[J].特种油气藏,2012,19(5):15-21.
[20]Li Fengjie,Wang Duoyun,Zhang Qinglong,et al.Sedmientary facies characteristic and sequence stratigraphy analysis of Yanchang Formation in Longdong area,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(4):549-554.李凤杰,王多云,张庆龙,等.鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组沉积相特征与层序地层分析[J].沉积学报,2006,24(4):549-554.
[21]Zhang Xu.Research on Reservoir Characteristics and Diagenesis Evolution of the Neogene Fine-grained Sedimentary Rocks in the Northwestern Qaidam Basin[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Geological Science,2017:1-19.张旭,柴达木盆地西北区新近系细粒沉积岩油气储集特征与成岩演化研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2017:1-19.
[22]Yuan Xuanjun,Lin Senhu,Liu Qun,et al.Lacustrine finegrained sedimentary features and organic-rich shale distribution pattern:A case study of Chang 7 member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(1):34-43.袁选俊,林森虎,刘群,等.湖盆细粒沉积特征与富有机质页岩分布模式---以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7油层组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(1):34-43.
[23]Hou Dujie,Feng Zihui.Oil and Gas Geochemistry:Volume 1[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011:201-243.侯读杰,冯子辉.油气地球化学:卷一[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011:201-243.
[24]Li Wei,Wen Zhigang.Characteristics of fine-grained sediments from the 7th member of the Yangchang Formation in the southwestern Ordos Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(5):1120-1129.李威,文志刚.鄂尔多斯盆地西南地区延长组长7段细粒沉积物特征研究[J].地质学报,2017,91(5):1120-1129.
[25]Lu Shuangfang,Zhang Min,Zhong Ningning.Oil and Gas Geochemistry:Volume 1[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008:171-191.卢双舫,张敏,钟宁宁.油气地球化学:卷一[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:171-191.
[26]Zhao Xianzheng,Pu Xiugang,Han Wenzhong,et al.A new method for lithology identification of fine grained deposits and reservoir sweet spot analysis:A case study of Kong 2member in Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(4):492-502.赵贤正,蒲秀刚,韩文中,等.细粒沉积岩性识别新方法与储集层甜点分析---以渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔店组二段为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(4):492-502.
[27]Fu Jinhua,Li Shixiang,Liu Xianyang,et al.Sedimentary facies and its evolution of the Chang 9interval of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(3):269-284.付金华,李士祥,刘显阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长9油层沉积相及其演化[J].古地理学报,2012,14(3):269-284.
[28]Zhang Jiajia,Li Hongbing,Yao Fengchang.A geophysical method for the identification and evaluation of oil shale[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(4):625-632.张佳佳,李宏兵,姚逢昌.油页岩的地球物理识别和评价方法[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):625-632.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |