紫茎泽兰不同入侵区域土壤细菌群落多样性比较研究
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摘要
【目的】紫茎泽兰的入侵将对入侵地生态环境和农业经济造成严重危害,比较紫茎泽兰不同入侵区域土壤细菌多样性,丰富入侵植物的土壤微生物假说,也为紫茎泽兰的防控提供重要的理论依据。【方法】采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)分析法和16s rDNA高通量测序法,对不同紫茎泽兰重度入侵区域其根际土壤细菌群落进行分析比较,在此基础上使用相关性分析和主成分分析等统计方法,比较土壤细菌群落差异,探究其与土壤环境因子之间的相互关系。【结果】(1)各采样点中紫茎泽兰根际土壤细菌含量占微生物总量的比例均高于60%。其中Y2样点土壤细菌含量显著高于其他样点样品,达123.74μg·g~(-1),但该样地中检测到的门、科、属数量均低于其他样点。(2)从门水平上看,各样点土壤样品中相对丰度最高的前五个门分别是变形杆菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门和疣微菌门,其中变形杆菌门的相对丰度均为最高,在细菌群落中所占比例均超过30%;从属水平上看,四个样点存在不同的优势菌群,Y1样点优势菌群为固氮菌属和芽孢杆菌属,Y2样点优势菌群为乳酸杆菌属、结核分枝杆菌属以及根瘤菌属等,Y3样点优势属为鞘氨醇单胞菌属,Y4中的优势菌群为假单胞菌属。(3)土壤速效钾、铵态氮、有机碳、蔗糖酶、脲酶以及蛋白酶等环境因子与土壤细菌群落Alpha多样性指数存在显著相关性;土壤速效钾、硝态氮、有机碳、蔗糖酶、脲酶、蛋白酶等环境因子影响不同样点紫茎泽兰根际土壤细菌群落组成。【结论】不同紫茎泽兰重度入侵区域其根际土壤细菌在含量、门水平和属水平上均存在差异。土壤速效钾、有机质含量、蔗糖酶、脲酶等是影响土壤细菌群落结构的主要因素。
【Aim】 The alien plant Ageratina adenophora can do serious damage to the environment and agriculture production. Comparative study on soil bacterial community diversity in different invasive regions of A. adenophora greatly enriched the soil microbial hypothesis of invasive plants and provided an important theoretical basis for the prevention and control of A. adenophora. 【Method】Phospholipid fatty acid(PLFAs) analysis and 16 s rDNA high-throughput sequencing were used to analyze and compare the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of different severely invasive areas of A. adenophora. Based on this, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to explore the relationship between soil bacterial community and soil environmental factors. 【Result】(1) The ratio of bacterial content in the rhizosphere soil of A. adenophora to the total amount of microorganisms in each sampling area was higher than 60%. The soil bacterial concentration in Y2 was significantly higher than other samples, reaching 123.74 μg·g~(-1), but the number of phyla, families and genera detected in this area was lower than other sample areas.(2) At the level of the phylum, the top five phyla with the highest relative abundance in all soil samples are Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia. In all soil samples, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria is the highest, whose proportion in the bacterial community is more than 30%. At the genus level, the four sample areas have different advantage genera. The dominant groups in Y1 are Pirellula and Bacillus, and the dominant bacteria in Y2 are Lactobacillus, Mycobacterum and Bradyrhizobium, the dominant bacterium in Y3 and Y4 is Sphingomonas and Psedomona respectively.(3) The environmental factors such as soil available potassium, ammonium nitrogen, organic carbon, sucrase, urease and protease have significant correlation with soil bacterial community Alpha diversity index; environmental factors such as soil available potassium, nitrate nitrogen, organic carbon, invertase, urease and protease affect the bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere soil of A. adenophora. 【Conclusion】 There are differences in the concentration, phylum level and genus level of rhizosphere soil bacteria in different invasive areas of A. adenophora. Soil available potassium, organic matter content, invertase, urease are the main factors affecting soil bacterial community structure.
【Aim】 The alien plant Ageratina adenophora can do serious damage to the environment and agriculture production. Comparative study on soil bacterial community diversity in different invasive regions of A. adenophora greatly enriched the soil microbial hypothesis of invasive plants and provided an important theoretical basis for the prevention and control of A. adenophora. 【Method】Phospholipid fatty acid(PLFAs) analysis and 16 s rDNA high-throughput sequencing were used to analyze and compare the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of different severely invasive areas of A. adenophora. Based on this, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to explore the relationship between soil bacterial community and soil environmental factors. 【Result】(1) The ratio of bacterial content in the rhizosphere soil of A. adenophora to the total amount of microorganisms in each sampling area was higher than 60%. The soil bacterial concentration in Y2 was significantly higher than other samples, reaching 123.74 μg·g~(-1), but the number of phyla, families and genera detected in this area was lower than other sample areas.(2) At the level of the phylum, the top five phyla with the highest relative abundance in all soil samples are Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia. In all soil samples, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria is the highest, whose proportion in the bacterial community is more than 30%. At the genus level, the four sample areas have different advantage genera. The dominant groups in Y1 are Pirellula and Bacillus, and the dominant bacteria in Y2 are Lactobacillus, Mycobacterum and Bradyrhizobium, the dominant bacterium in Y3 and Y4 is Sphingomonas and Psedomona respectively.(3) The environmental factors such as soil available potassium, ammonium nitrogen, organic carbon, sucrase, urease and protease have significant correlation with soil bacterial community Alpha diversity index; environmental factors such as soil available potassium, nitrate nitrogen, organic carbon, invertase, urease and protease affect the bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere soil of A. adenophora. 【Conclusion】 There are differences in the concentration, phylum level and genus level of rhizosphere soil bacteria in different invasive areas of A. adenophora. Soil available potassium, organic matter content, invertase, urease are the main factors affecting soil bacterial community structure.
引文
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付伟, 王宁, 庞芳, 黄玉龙, 吴俊, 祁珊珊, 戴志聪, 杜道林, 2017. 土壤微生物与植物入侵: 研究现状与展望. 生物多样性, 25(12): 1295-1302.
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刘纯, 黄红娟, 张朝贤, 王茂云, 陈小奇, 王金信, 2013. 假高粱根系分泌物对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响. 生态环境学报, 22(7): 1124-1128.
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施河丽, 孙立广, 谭军, 赵秀云, 王瑞, 2018. 生物有机肥对烟草青枯病的防效及对土壤细菌群落的影响. 中国烟草科学, 39(2): 54-62.
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张丽娜, 王桔红, 陈文, 陈学林, 陈晓芸, 2016. 红毛草不同程度入侵区土壤微生物群落结构和部分理化指标的比较及其相关性分析. 植物资源与环境学报, 25(2): 33-40.
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关松荫, 1986. 土壤酶及其研究法. 北京: 农业出版社.
哈兹耶夫, 郑洪元, 周礼恺, 1980. 土壤酶活性. 北京: 科学出版社.
刘潮, 韩利红, 宋培兵, 张亚萍, 2018. 土壤微生物对紫茎泽兰与我国西南当地植物生长的影响. 江苏农业科学, 46(7): 104-107.
刘纯, 黄红娟, 张朝贤, 王茂云, 陈小奇, 王金信, 2013. 假高粱根系分泌物对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响. 生态环境学报, 22(7): 1124-1128.
南京农业大学, 1990. 土壤农化分析. 北京: 农业出版社.
牛红榜, 刘万学, 万方浩, 2007a. 紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)入侵对土壤微生物群落和理化性质的影响. 生态学报, 27(7): 3051-3060.
牛红榜, 刘万学, 万方浩, 刘波, 2007b. 紫茎泽兰根际土壤中优势细菌的筛选鉴定及拮抗性能评价. 应用生态学报, 18(12): 2795-2800.
邵文山, 李国旗, 陈科元, 赵盼盼, 2016. 荒漠草原四种常见植物群落土壤养分及土壤微生物特征. 北方园艺 (15): 161-166.
施河丽, 孙立广, 谭军, 赵秀云, 王瑞, 2018. 生物有机肥对烟草青枯病的防效及对土壤细菌群落的影响. 中国烟草科学, 39(2): 54-62.
滕应, 黄昌勇, 2002. 重金属污染土壤的微生物生态效应及其修复研究进展. 生态环境学报, 11(1): 85-89.
王光华, 金剑, 徐美娜, 刘晓冰, 2006. 植物、土壤及土壤管理对土壤微生物群落结构的影响. 生态学杂志, 25(5): 550-556.
王文琪, 2006. 外来物种紫茎泽兰Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng入侵机制的研究. 硕士学位论文. 重庆: 西南大学.
王志勇, 江雪飞, 郑慧, 方治伟, 郑世学, 2011. 脂肪酸甲酯法检测空心莲子草入侵影响土壤微生物群落结构的初步研究. 微生物学杂志, 31(6): 6-9.
吴红英, 孔云, 姚允聪, 毕宁宁, 亓丽萍, 付占国, 2010. 间作芳香植物对沙地梨园土壤微生物数量与土壤养分的影响. 中国农业科学, 43(1): 140-150.
吴愉萍, 2009. 基于磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)分析技术的土壤微生物群落结构多样性的研究. 硕士学位论文. 杭州: 浙江大学.
肖博, 2014. 外来入侵植物紫茎泽兰与土壤微生物的互作. 硕士学位论文. 北京: 中国农业科学院.
杨琼, 梁羽, 杨剑, 胡章立, 2015. 入侵植物薇甘菊的根际土壤微生物特征. 生态科学, 34(2): 148-155.
于兴军, 于丹, 卢志军, 马克平, 2005. 一个可能的植物入侵机制: 入侵种通过改变入侵地土壤微生物群落影响本地种的生长. 科学通报, 50(9): 896-903.
张海燕, 王彩虹, 龚明福, 张利莉, 2009. 一种简单有效且适于土壤微生物多样性分析的DNA提取方法. 生物技术通报 (8): 151-155.
张丽娜, 王桔红, 陈文, 陈学林, 陈晓芸, 2016. 红毛草不同程度入侵区土壤微生物群落结构和部分理化指标的比较及其相关性分析. 植物资源与环境学报, 25(2): 33-40.
郑洁, 刘金福, 吴则焰, 洪伟, 何中声, 蓝亦琦, 刘思迪, 2017. 闽江河口红树林土壤微生物群落对互花米草入侵的响应. 生态学报, 37(21): 7293-7303.
朱珣之, 李强, 李扬苹, 韩洪波, 马克平, 2015. 紫茎泽兰入侵对土壤细菌的群落组成和多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 23(5): 665-672.
CHAINTREUIL C, GRIAUD E, PRIN Y, LORQUIN J, BA A, GILLIS M, LAJUDIE P, DREYFUS B, 2000. Photosynthetic Bradyrhizobia are natural endophytes of the African wild rice Oryza Breviligulata. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(12): 5437-5447.
ELLIS R J, MORGAN P, WEIGHTMAN A J, 2003. Cultivation-dependent and -independent approaches for determining bacterial diversity in heavy-metal-contaminated soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(6): 3223-3230.
FROSTEG?RD A, BAATH E, 1996. The use of phospholipid fatty acid analysis to estimate bacterial and fungal biomass in soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 22(1/2): 59-65.
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