飞行人员高频听力损失及言语识别能力跟踪研究
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摘要
目的探讨飞行年限对飞行人员高频听力及言语识别能力的影响。方法以2013年1月至2017年6月期间连续五年体检的338例在飞飞行员为研究对象,连续五年对其进行纯音听阈测试、噪声下言语识别能力测试和无线电用语的可懂度测试,分析受检飞行员听力受损情况及高频听力损失者噪声下言语识别障碍和无线电用语识别障碍发生率,并观察飞行年限对高频听力损失及言语识别障碍发生率的影响。结果 338例对象中,40例(11.83%)存在高频听力损失,其中16例(40%,16/40)存在噪声下言语识别障碍,19例(47.50%,19/40)存在噪声下无线电用语识别障碍。同一飞行年限高频听力受损者的高频测试频率越高,高频听阈值越大(P均<0.05);同一测试频率高频听力受损者的飞行年限越长,高频听阈值越大(P均<0.05);高频听力受损者的飞行年限越长,其噪声下言语识别障碍发生率和无线电用语识别障碍发生率越高(P均<0.05)。结论飞行员随飞行年限延长,高频听力损失和噪声下言语识别障碍的发生率越高,且测试频率越高、飞行年限越长,高频听力损失越严重;随着飞行年限的延长,高频听力受损者的噪声下言语识别障碍和无线电用语识别障碍发生率会逐渐升高,可能影响飞行安全,应加强监测。
Objective To investigate the high frequency hearing sensitivity and speech recognition ability of flying pilots, and analyze the influence of total flight time on their high frequency hearing and speech recognition ability.Methods A total of 338 pilots were studied for five consecutive years of hearing from January 2013 to June 2017, the data including pure tone thresholds, speech recognition in noise tests and radio intelligibility tests. An analysis was carried out for hearing damages and high frequency speech recognition, real flight radio speech, and the effects of flight time on high frequency hearing and speech recognition.Results In 338 pilots, 40 had high frequency hearing loss, accounting for 11.83%, 16 had speech recognition disabilities, accounting for 40%, 19 showed poor performances on radio intelligibility, 47.5%. For those with the same flight time, more high-frequency hearing impairment was noted as the frequencies turned higher(P<0.05) and so was as the flying years increased(P<0.05). The increased of the hearing loss was related to the greater difficulties of speech recognition abilities in a real world(P<0.05).Conclusion The pilots tend to have greater high frequency hearing loss and speech recognition difficulties as function of their total flight time, that is, the longer their flight time is, the higher frequencies their hearing losses and greater in degrees, too. The hearing protection is needed to ensure aviation safety.
Objective To investigate the high frequency hearing sensitivity and speech recognition ability of flying pilots, and analyze the influence of total flight time on their high frequency hearing and speech recognition ability.Methods A total of 338 pilots were studied for five consecutive years of hearing from January 2013 to June 2017, the data including pure tone thresholds, speech recognition in noise tests and radio intelligibility tests. An analysis was carried out for hearing damages and high frequency speech recognition, real flight radio speech, and the effects of flight time on high frequency hearing and speech recognition.Results In 338 pilots, 40 had high frequency hearing loss, accounting for 11.83%, 16 had speech recognition disabilities, accounting for 40%, 19 showed poor performances on radio intelligibility, 47.5%. For those with the same flight time, more high-frequency hearing impairment was noted as the frequencies turned higher(P<0.05) and so was as the flying years increased(P<0.05). The increased of the hearing loss was related to the greater difficulties of speech recognition abilities in a real world(P<0.05).Conclusion The pilots tend to have greater high frequency hearing loss and speech recognition difficulties as function of their total flight time, that is, the longer their flight time is, the higher frequencies their hearing losses and greater in degrees, too. The hearing protection is needed to ensure aviation safety.
引文
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14 Le TN,Louise V.Current insights in noise-induced hearing loss:a literature review of the underlying mechanism,pathophysiology,asymmetry,and management options[J].J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2017,46:41.
2 Qiang Y,Rebok G,Baker S,et al.Hearing deficit in a birth cohort of U.S.male commuter air carrier and air taxi pilots[J].Aviat Space Environ Med,2008,79:1051.
3 中华人民共和国卫生部.《职业性听力损伤诊断标准GBZH9-2002》[S].北京:人民出版社,2002.1～2.
4 王凌云.噪声条件下听力测试的应用[J].听力学及言语疾病杂志,2009,12:323.
5 Clark C,Paunovic K.WHO environmental noise guidelines for the european region:a systematic review on environmental noise and quality of life,wellbeing and mental health[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2018,15:2400.
6 Seidman MD,Standring RT.Noise and quality of life[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2010,7:3730.
7 Al-Omari AS.Association of flying time with hearing loss in military pilots[J].Saudi J Med Med Sci,2018,6:155.
8 Andersen K,Baardsen R.Long-term effects of exercise programs among helicopter pilots with flying related LBP[J].J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil,2018,31:1.
9 Murray M,Lange B.Self-administered physical exercise training as treatment of neck and shoulder pain among military helicopter pilots and crew:a randomized controlled trial[J].BMC Musculoskelet Disord,2017,18:147.
10 Salamanca MA,Fajardo HA.Estimating the morbidity profile amongst Colombian civil aviation personnel[J].Rev Salud Publica (Bogota),2009,11:425.
11 李大鹏,张红蕾.噪声对飞行学员高频听力影响及招收飞行学员体检部分听力标准的探讨[J].中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2015,15:331.
12 何亚,邱建华,刘顺利.用MP3播放器通过耳机播放音乐对豚鼠听觉系统的影响[J].中华耳科学杂志,2008,4:441.
13 Williams W,Purnell J.The statistical distribution of expected noise level output from commonly available personal stereo players[J].Acoust Aust 2010,38:119.
14 Le TN,Louise V.Current insights in noise-induced hearing loss:a literature review of the underlying mechanism,pathophysiology,asymmetry,and management options[J].J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2017,46:41.