新月形沙丘粒度分布的交替过程——以甘肃省河西沙区绿洲边缘积沙带为例
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摘要
新月形沙丘是一种常见的沙丘类型,甘肃河西走廊沙区绿洲边缘积沙带上存在大量新月形沙丘。通过对河西走廊沙区新月形沙丘全面调查取样和在民勤沙区重复取样测定,分析了新月形沙丘的粒度特征。结果表明,新月形沙丘和新月形沙丘链表层0~5 cm深度以细沙和中沙为主,其中古浪沙区沙粒较细且与金昌、临泽、金塔和民勤沙丘的粒度差异较大;主风向(NW)过程从沙丘迎风坡底部到沙丘顶部粒度由粗变细,即沙丘顶部粉沙最多,其次是背风坡中部;迎风坡底部粗沙最多,其次是迎风坡中部。反风向(SE)过程从沙丘迎风坡底部到沙丘顶部粒度由粗变细再变粗,即迎风坡中部粉沙最多,其次是沙丘顶部;迎风坡底部粗沙最多,其次是迎风坡中部。主风向过程沙丘粒度的标准差和变异系数较大,而反风向过程沙丘粒度的标准差和变异系数相对较小。主风向和反风向2种过程,导致了沙丘各部位粒度的交替变化。由于观测的季节不同,才导致了有关新月形沙丘迎风坡粒度分布的2种不同结论。
Barchan dunes is a common dune type. There are a lot of barchan dunes at accumulated sand-belts of the oasis edge of Hexi desert area of Gansu. Characteristic of grain size were analyzed by comprehensive investigation and sampling in the Hexi Corridor desert area,and repeated sampling and determination in Minqing desert area. The surface layer of crescent dunes and crescent dunes was mainly composed of fine sand and medium sand at 0-5 cm depth. The sand grains in Gulang sandy area were finer and grain sizes were quite different from those of Jinchang,Linze,Jinta and Minqin dunes. The grain size of the main wind direction( NW) process from the bottom of windward slope to the top of dune changes from coarse to fine; the bottom of windward slope has the most coarse sand,followed by the middle of the windward slope. The grain size of reverse wind direction( SE) process from the bottom of the windward slope of dune to the top of dune changes from coarsening to fining and then to coarsening. The bottom of windward slope has the most coarse sand,followed by the middle of windward slope. The standard deviation and variation coefficients of dune grain size in the main wind direction process were larger than those in reverse wind direction process. The two processes of main wind direction and reverse wind direction lead to the alternate change of grain size in each part of the dune. Because of the different of seasons observed,two different conclusions about the distribution of grain size of windward slope of crescent dune were drawn.
Barchan dunes is a common dune type. There are a lot of barchan dunes at accumulated sand-belts of the oasis edge of Hexi desert area of Gansu. Characteristic of grain size were analyzed by comprehensive investigation and sampling in the Hexi Corridor desert area,and repeated sampling and determination in Minqing desert area. The surface layer of crescent dunes and crescent dunes was mainly composed of fine sand and medium sand at 0-5 cm depth. The sand grains in Gulang sandy area were finer and grain sizes were quite different from those of Jinchang,Linze,Jinta and Minqin dunes. The grain size of the main wind direction( NW) process from the bottom of windward slope to the top of dune changes from coarse to fine; the bottom of windward slope has the most coarse sand,followed by the middle of the windward slope. The grain size of reverse wind direction( SE) process from the bottom of the windward slope of dune to the top of dune changes from coarsening to fining and then to coarsening. The bottom of windward slope has the most coarse sand,followed by the middle of windward slope. The standard deviation and variation coefficients of dune grain size in the main wind direction process were larger than those in reverse wind direction process. The two processes of main wind direction and reverse wind direction lead to the alternate change of grain size in each part of the dune. Because of the different of seasons observed,two different conclusions about the distribution of grain size of windward slope of crescent dune were drawn.
引文
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[14] MCLEAN S R,NELSON J M,WOLLFE S R. Turbulence structure over two-dimensional bed forms:implications for sediment transport[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994, 99:12 729-12 747.
[15]王训明,董治宝,赵爱国.简单横向沙丘表面物质组成、气流分布及其在动力学过程中的意义[J].干旱区资源与环境,2004,18(4):29-33.WANG Xunming,DONG Zhibao,ZHAO Aiguo. Airflow and particle-size distributions and their significance on the dynamic process of a simple transverse dune[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2004,18(4):29-33.
[16]陈渭南,雷加强.塔克拉玛干沙漠新月形沙丘不同部位的粒度特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,1992,6(2):101-110.CHEN Weinan,LEI Jiaqiang. Grain size features of sands in different localities of barchan dunes,Takiamakan desert[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,1992,6(2):101-110.
[17] FOLK R L. Longitudinal dunes of the northwestern edge of the Simpson desert,Northern Territory,Australia:geomorphology and grain size relationships[J]. Sedimentology,1971,16:4-54.
[18] MCKEE E D. Structures of dunes at white sands national monument,New Mexico[J]. Sedimentology,1966,7(1):1-69.
[19] G/MEZ-ORTIZ D,MART/N-CRESPO T,RODR/GUEZ I,et al.The internal structure of modern barchan dunes of the Ebro River Delta(Spain)from ground penetrating radar[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,2009,68:159-170.
[20]李志忠.新月形沙丘研究进展综述[J].干旱区地理,1994,17(4):81-87.LI Zhizhong. A comprehensive review on progress in study of barchan dune[J]. Arid Land Geography,1994,17(4):81-87.
[2]杨岩岩,刘连友,屈志强,等.新月形沙丘研究进展[J].地理科学,2014,34(1):76-83.YANG Yanyan,LIU Lianyou, QU Zhiqiang, et al. A review of barchan dunes[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(1):76-83.
[3]李超,董治宝,崔徐甲.腾格里沙漠东南缘不同发育阶段横向沙丘粒度特征[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(1):129-135.LI Chao,DONG Zhibao,CUI Xujia. Grain-size characteristics of transverse dune during different developmental stages in the southeastern edge of the Tengger desert[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2015,35(1):129-135.
[4]周娜,张春来,刘永刚.雅鲁藏布江米林宽谷段新月形沙丘粒度分异研究[J].地理科学,2011,31(8):958-63.ZHOU Na,ZHANG Chuanlai,LIU Yonggang. Variation of grain size on surface of barchans in mainling great valley,Yarlung Zangbo River[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011,31(8):958-63.
[5]哈斯,王贵勇.沙坡头地区新月形沙丘粒度特征[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(3):271-275.HA Si,WANG Guiyong. Characteristics of grain size over crescentic dunes in Shapotou,shoutheastern Tengger desert[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2001,21(3):271-275.
[6]张伟民.金字塔沙丘粒度变化及表面过程的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(6):1 615-1 621.ZHANG Weimin. Grain size and surface processes of the pyramid dune in the mogao grottoes of China[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2013,33(6):1 615-1 621.
[7]秦忠,郭凯.亚马雷克沙漠沙丘不同部位沙粒粒度及光谱特性研究[J].内蒙古水利,2015(1):18-19.
[8]哈斯,庄燕美,王蕾,等.毛乌素沙地南缘横向沙丘粒度分布及其对风向变化的响应[J].地球科学进展,2006,25(6):42-51.HA Si,ZHUANG Yanmei,WANG Lei,et al. Grain-size variation on a transverse dune and response to wind direction changes on southern edge of Mu Us desert[J]. Progress in Geography,2006,25(6):42-51.
[9]哈斯.腾格里沙漠东南缘格状沙丘粒度特征与成因探讨[J].地理研究,1998,17(2):178-184.HA Si. Grain-size characteristics and mechanism of network dune in the southeastern Tengger desert[J]. Geographical Research,1998,17(2):178-184.
[10]夏菁,李志忠,靳建辉,等.福建漳浦赤湖海岸沙丘沙粒度特征及其环境意义[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2014,37(3):7-13.XIA Jing,LI Zhizhong,JIN Jianhui,et al. Grain-size characteristics of coast dunes and its climatic environment significance in Chihu town,Zhangpu county,Fujian province[J]. Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University,2014,37(3):7-13.
[11]董玉祥,马骏,黄德全.人为干扰下海岸沙丘表面粒度分布变异实证研究:以河北昌黎黄金海岸横向沙脊为例[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(2):202-207.DONG Yuxiang,MA Jun,HUANG Dequan. Research on variation of distribution model of grain size on coastal transverse ridge under influence of human activities[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2008,28(2):202-207.
[12]王丽英,李红丽,董智,等.沙柳沙障对沙丘沙粒度组成与特征的影响[J].水土保持科学,2013,11(4):53-59.WANG Liying, LI Hongli, DONG Zhi, et al. Effects of Salix psammophila checkerboard sand barrier on dune sand grain size composition and characteristics[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,11(4):53-59.
[13]李志忠,关有志.纵向沙丘和横向沙丘模拟流场的实验研究[J].中国沙漠,1996,16(4):360-363.LI Zhizhong,GUAN Youzhi. Experimental study on simulation flow pattern of longitudinal dunes and transverse dunes[J]. Journal of Desert Research,1996,16(4):360-363.
[14] MCLEAN S R,NELSON J M,WOLLFE S R. Turbulence structure over two-dimensional bed forms:implications for sediment transport[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994, 99:12 729-12 747.
[15]王训明,董治宝,赵爱国.简单横向沙丘表面物质组成、气流分布及其在动力学过程中的意义[J].干旱区资源与环境,2004,18(4):29-33.WANG Xunming,DONG Zhibao,ZHAO Aiguo. Airflow and particle-size distributions and their significance on the dynamic process of a simple transverse dune[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2004,18(4):29-33.
[16]陈渭南,雷加强.塔克拉玛干沙漠新月形沙丘不同部位的粒度特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,1992,6(2):101-110.CHEN Weinan,LEI Jiaqiang. Grain size features of sands in different localities of barchan dunes,Takiamakan desert[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,1992,6(2):101-110.
[17] FOLK R L. Longitudinal dunes of the northwestern edge of the Simpson desert,Northern Territory,Australia:geomorphology and grain size relationships[J]. Sedimentology,1971,16:4-54.
[18] MCKEE E D. Structures of dunes at white sands national monument,New Mexico[J]. Sedimentology,1966,7(1):1-69.
[19] G/MEZ-ORTIZ D,MART/N-CRESPO T,RODR/GUEZ I,et al.The internal structure of modern barchan dunes of the Ebro River Delta(Spain)from ground penetrating radar[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,2009,68:159-170.
[20]李志忠.新月形沙丘研究进展综述[J].干旱区地理,1994,17(4):81-87.LI Zhizhong. A comprehensive review on progress in study of barchan dune[J]. Arid Land Geography,1994,17(4):81-87.
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