活塞杆点支式柔性缓冲系统冲击力学行为
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摘要
针对公路、铁路沿线棚洞结构的落石防护问题,提出了活塞杆点支式柔性缓冲系统,该系统支撑于棚洞结构顶部,由缓冲器、环形网、支撑绳、活塞杆组成,对棚洞结构起缓冲防护作用。为研究缓冲系统冲击力学行为,设计了子结构模型,开展了25kJ能量冲击试验,结合动力非线性分析,研究了子结构模型的冲击变形、传力途径、内力响应以及缓冲消能特性。研究表明:活塞杆点支式柔性缓冲系统可有效实现落石防护,系统具有松弛变位、顶紧压缩、回弹释放三阶段变形特征,可实现缓冲、自复位及落石的可引导弹出;与普通钢压杆支撑模型相比,子结构模型的冲击力作用持时延缓67%,冲击力峰值降幅达30%;在相同冲击能量下,与砂土缓冲垫层和EPS缓冲垫层的冲击力相比,子结构模型冲击力峰值降幅分别达到69%和61%。最后,通过弹簧刚度参数分析,拟合得到子结构模型的性能曲线及其P-s相关方程。
To solve the rockfall protection problems of rock-sheds along highways and railways, a piston rod point-supported flexible buffer system is proposed. Consisting of buffers, ring nets, support ropes and piston rods, the buffer system is supported on the top of a rock-shed and can provide buffer protection for the rock-shed structure. To study the mechanical behavior of the buffer system, a substructure model was designed and an impact test of 25 kJ was carried out. The loading path and deformation feature, as well as the internal force response and system buffering characteristics were emphatically analyzed in combination with the test and numerical simulation. The results show that the substructure can successfully intercept a block with impact kinetic energy of 25 kJ. The buffering process is characterized by three stages, i.e. relaxation deformation, compression deformation and deformation resilience. Compared with the steel column support model, the piston rod point-supported buffer system can reduce the maximum impact force by about 30%, and increase the impact time by 67%. Meanwhile, compared with those of the sand cushion layer and the EPS cushion layer, the maximum impact force of the substructure model reduces by about 69% and 61% respectively under the same impact energy. By adjusting the system configuration, the performance curve and the corresponding approximate formula are obtained under different spring stiffness conditions.
To solve the rockfall protection problems of rock-sheds along highways and railways, a piston rod point-supported flexible buffer system is proposed. Consisting of buffers, ring nets, support ropes and piston rods, the buffer system is supported on the top of a rock-shed and can provide buffer protection for the rock-shed structure. To study the mechanical behavior of the buffer system, a substructure model was designed and an impact test of 25 kJ was carried out. The loading path and deformation feature, as well as the internal force response and system buffering characteristics were emphatically analyzed in combination with the test and numerical simulation. The results show that the substructure can successfully intercept a block with impact kinetic energy of 25 kJ. The buffering process is characterized by three stages, i.e. relaxation deformation, compression deformation and deformation resilience. Compared with the steel column support model, the piston rod point-supported buffer system can reduce the maximum impact force by about 30%, and increase the impact time by 67%. Meanwhile, compared with those of the sand cushion layer and the EPS cushion layer, the maximum impact force of the substructure model reduces by about 69% and 61% respectively under the same impact energy. By adjusting the system configuration, the performance curve and the corresponding approximate formula are obtained under different spring stiffness conditions.
引文
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[21]GB/T 2018-2006一般用途钢丝绳[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006(GB/T 2018-2006 Steel wire ropes for general purpose[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006(in Chinese))
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[24]Livermore software technology corporation.LS-DYNAkeyword user’s manual volumeⅠ[M].Livermore:Livermore Software Technology Corporation,2013
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[2]Pichler B,Hellmich C,Mang H A.Impact of rocks onto gravel design and evaluation of experiments[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2005,31(5):559-578
[3]Kawahara S,Muro T.Effects of dry density and thickness of sandy soil on impact response due to rockfall[J].Journal of Terramechanics,2006,43(3):329-340
[4]Schellenberg K,Volkwein A,Roth A,et al.Rockfall-falling weight tests on galleries with special cushion layers[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Protection of Structures Against Hazards.Singapore:CI-Premier Pte Ltd.,2006:251-258
[5]何思明,李新坡,吴永.滚石冲击荷载作用下土体屈服特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(s1):2973-2977(He Siming,Li Xinpo,Wu Yong.Research on yield property of soil under rock-fall impact[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(s1):2973-2977(in Chinese))
[6]Ho T S,Masuya H,Takashita N.Experimental study concerning impact characteristics by collision of weight on sand cushion over steel beam[J].International Journal of Geomate,2013,4(1):471-476
[7]Delhomme F,Mommessin M,Mougin J P,et al.Behavior of a structurally dissipating rock-shed:experimental analysis and study of punching effects[J].International Journal of Solids&Structures,2005,42(14):4204-4219
[8]Delhomme F,Mommessin M,Mougin J P,et al.Damage mechanisms of a reinforced concrete rock-shed slab impacted by blocks[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2007,133(10):1426-1433
[9]Hsu S H,Maegawa K,Chen L H.Experimental study on the eps-based shock absorber for rock-shed[J].International Journal of Geomate,2016,11(26):2534-2540
[10]Effeindzourou A,Thoeni K,Giacomini A,et al.Efficient discrete modelling of composite structures for rockfall protection[J].Computers&Geotechnics,2017,87:99-114
[11]Sun J H,Chu Z J,Liu Y F,et al.Performance of used tire cushion layer under rockfall impact[J].Shock&Vibration,2016(10):1-10
[12]Hsu S H,Maegawa K,Hama A.Full-scale testing and modeling of rock-shed shock absorbers under impact loads[J].International Journal of Protective Structures,2018,9(2):1-17
[13]Castanon-Jano L,Blanco-Fernandez E,Castro-Fresno D,et al.Energy dissipating devices in falling rock protection barriers[J].Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,2017,50(3):603-619
[14]赵世春,余志祥,赵雷,等.被动防护网系统强冲击作用下的传力破坏机制[J].工程力学,2016,33(10):24-34(Zhao Shichun,Yu Zhixiang,Zhao Lei,et al.Damage mechanism of rockfall barriers under strong impact loading[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(10):24-34(in Chinese))
[15]张路青,杨志法,祝介旺,等.簧式缓冲器的工作原理及其在滚石柔性防护系统中的应用[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2007,18(3):108-112(Zhang Luqing,Yang Zhifa,Zhu Jiewang,et al.Operational principle of spring buffer and its application in flexible rockfall prevention system[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2007,18(3):108-112(in Chinese))
[16]吕志刚.弹簧格构泥石流拦挡坝抗冲击性能研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2014(Lv Zhigang.Study on impact resistance of spring lattice debris flow dam[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2014(in Chinese))
[17]Yu Z X,Qiao Y K,Zhao L,et al.A simple analytical method for evaluation of flexible rockfall barrier part 1:working mechanism and analytical solution[J].Advanced Steel Construction,2018,14(2):115-141
[18]Yu Z X,Qiao Y K,Zhao L,et al.A simple analytical method for evaluation of flexible rockfall barrier part 2:application and full-scale test[J].Advanced Steel Construction,2018,14(2):142-165
[19]汪敏,石少卿,阳友奎.新型柔性棚洞在落石冲击作用下的试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(9):131-138(Wang Min,Shi Shaoqing,Yang Youkui.Experimental study on a new type flexible rock-shed under impact of rockfall[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(9):131-138(in Chinese))
[20]ETAG 27 Guideline for European technical approval of falling rock protection kits[S].Brussels:European Organization for Technical Approvals,2008
[21]GB/T 2018-2006一般用途钢丝绳[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006(GB/T 2018-2006 Steel wire ropes for general purpose[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006(in Chinese))
[22]GB/T 2089-2009普通圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧尺寸及参数(两端圈并紧磨平或制扁)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009(GB/T 2089-2009 Cylindrical coiled compression spring dimensions and parameters[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2009(in Chinese))
[23]赵世春,余志祥,韦韬,等.被动柔性防护网受力机理试验研究与数值计算[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(5):122-128(Zhao Shichun,Yu Zhixiang,Wei Tao,et al.Test study of force mechanism and numerical calculation of safety netting system[J].China Civil(下转第页)Engineering Journal,2013,46(5):122-128(in Chinese))
[24]Livermore software technology corporation.LS-DYNAkeyword user’s manual volumeⅠ[M].Livermore:Livermore Software Technology Corporation,2013
[25]Hallquist J O.LS-Dyna Theory manual[M].Livermore:Livermore Software Technology Corporation,2006