碳纤维复合材料的磨削热分配比仿真研究
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摘要
碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料是一种比模量高、比强度高、比刚度高的复合材料,在航空航天领域具有较大的应用前景。磨削由碳纤维和树脂组成的碳纤维增强树脂复合材料时,当磨削温度超过树脂的玻璃化转变温度就会产生树脂烧毁等缺陷。为了研究此问题,利用碳纤维复合材料–康铜丝半人工热电偶在线测量磨削过程中的温度,通过试验与仿真相结合的方法计算出传入工件的热分配比为2.0%～3.5%。
Carbon fiber reinforced plastics possess high specific modulus, specific strength and specific stiffness, which shows great application prospects in the field of aeronautics and astronautics. When grinding carbon fiber reinforced resin composites composed of carbon fibers and resins, the grinding temperature may exceed the glass transition temperature of the resin, leading to resin burn-out and other defects. In order to study this problem, the semi-artificial thermocouple of carbon fiber composite and constantan wire is used to measure the in-situ temperature in grinding process, and the heat distribution between workpiece and others is studied by combining experiment with finite element simulation. It is found that the heat imported to workpiece is 2.0% to 3.5% of the total heat during grinding process.
Carbon fiber reinforced plastics possess high specific modulus, specific strength and specific stiffness, which shows great application prospects in the field of aeronautics and astronautics. When grinding carbon fiber reinforced resin composites composed of carbon fibers and resins, the grinding temperature may exceed the glass transition temperature of the resin, leading to resin burn-out and other defects. In order to study this problem, the semi-artificial thermocouple of carbon fiber composite and constantan wire is used to measure the in-situ temperature in grinding process, and the heat distribution between workpiece and others is studied by combining experiment with finite element simulation. It is found that the heat imported to workpiece is 2.0% to 3.5% of the total heat during grinding process.
引文
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[3] HINTZE W, HARTMANN D, SCHüTTE C. Occurrence and propagation of delamination during the machining of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) - An experimental study [J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2011, 71(15): 1719-1726.
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[5] 鲍永杰, 高航, 马海龙, 等. 磨削热对碳纤维复合材料表面质量影响研究 [J]. 大连理工大学学报, 2011, 51(6): 809–813.BAO Yongjie, GAO Hang, MA Hailong, et al. Research on effect of grinding heat on surface quality of carbon fiber reinforced plastics [J]. Journal of Dalian University of Technology, 2011, 51(6): 809-813.
[6] 张高峰, 何杨, 鲁炎鑫, 等. 碳纤维增强复合材料低温冷风磨削试验研究 [J]. 中国机械工程, 2016, 27(20): 2779–2784. ZHANG Gaofeng, HE Yang, LU Yanxin, et al. Experimental study on cryogenic cold air grinding of carbon fiber reinforced plastics [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 27(20): 2779-2784.
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[8] 何杨. 单向CFRP直角自由切削与低温冷风磨削试验研究 [D]. 湘潭: 湘潭大学, 2016. HE Yang. Experimental study on orthogonal cutting and cryogenic cold air grinding of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics [D]. Xiangtan: Xiangtan University, 2016.
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[10] SALA H A G M. Composite degradation due to fluid absorption [J]. Composites Part B, 2000, 31(5): 357-373.
[11] PLUSHCHIK O A, ANISKEVICH A N. Effects of temperature and moisture on the mechanical properties of polyester resin in tension [J]. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2000, 36(3): 233-240.
[12] RAMANATH S, SHAW M C. Abrasive grain temperature at the beginning of a cut in fine grinding [J]. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1988, 110(1): 15-18.
[13] GUO C, MALKIN S. Heat transfer in grinding [J]. Journal of Materials Processing and Manufacturing Science, 1988, 1(1): 16-27.
[14] 奚欣欣, 丁文锋, 刘敏, 等. 高速磨削颗粒增强钛基复合材料的热分配分析 [J]. 金刚石与磨料磨具工程, 2015, 35(3): 6–9.XI Xinxin, DING Wenfeng, LIU Min, et al. Energy partition in high-speed grinding of particle reinforced titanium matrix composites [J]. Diamond & Abrasives Engineering, 2015, 35(3): 6-9.
[15] 王西彬, 师汉民, 任敬心. 结构陶瓷的磨削温度 [J]. 华中理工大学学报, 1996, 24(4): 14–18.WANG Xibin, SHI Hanmin, REN Jingxin. The grinding temperature of structural ceramics [J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1996, 24(4): 14-18.
[16] 申龙, 丁文锋, 李征, 等. 缓进深切磨削钛基复合材料磨削温度的研究 [J]. 金刚石与磨料磨具工程, 2016, 36(4): 44–48.SHEN Long, DING Wenfeng, LI Zheng, et al. Research on grinding temperature of particle-reinforced titanium matrix composites in creep-feed deep grinding [J]. Diamond & Abrasives Engineering, 2016, 36(4): 44-48.
[17] 全燕鸣, 何振威, 豆勇. 碳钢高速车削中基于量热法的切削热分配 [J]. 华南理工大学学报 (自然科学版), 2006, 34(11): 1–4.QUAN Yanming, HE Zhenwei, DOU Yong. Cutting heat dissipation in high-speed machining of carbon steel based on calorimetric method [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2006, 34(11): 1-4.
[18] 同晓芳. 磨削区温度场有限元分析及仿真 [D]. 武汉: 武汉理工大学, 2007.TONG Xiaofang. Finite element analysis and simulation of temperature field in grinding area [D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2007.
[19] 马海龙. C/E复合材料磨削温度理论建模与分析 [D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2010.MA Hailong. Theory modeling and analysis of grinding temperature of carbon/epoxy composite [D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2010.
[20] YASHIRO T, OGAWA T, SASAHARA H. Temperature measurement of cutting tool and machined surface layer in milling of CFRP [J]. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2013, 70(4): 63-69.
[21] 王婷婷, 顾轶卓, 王绍凯, 等. 碳纤维轴向导热性能表征及其影响因素 [J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2017, 43(9): 1931–1938. WANG Tingting, GU Yizhuo, WANG Shaokai, et al. Characterization on axial thermal conductivity of carbon fiber and its influence factors [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017, 43(9): 1931-1938.
[22] ROWE W B, BLACK S C E, MILLS B, et al. Grinding temperatures and energy partitioning [J]. Proceedings Mathematical Physical & Engineering Sciences, 1997, 453(1960): 1083-1104.
[2] LIU D F, TANG Y J, CONG W L. A review of mechanical drilling for composite laminates [J]. Composite Structures, 2012, 94(4): 1265-1279.
[3] HINTZE W, HARTMANN D, SCHüTTE C. Occurrence and propagation of delamination during the machining of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) - An experimental study [J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2011, 71(15): 1719-1726.
[4] 汪吉川. 磨粒可控排布砂轮磨削性能的一些研究 [D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2007. WANG Jichuan. Some research on grinding performance of grinding wheel with controlled distributing abrasives [D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2007.
[5] 鲍永杰, 高航, 马海龙, 等. 磨削热对碳纤维复合材料表面质量影响研究 [J]. 大连理工大学学报, 2011, 51(6): 809–813.BAO Yongjie, GAO Hang, MA Hailong, et al. Research on effect of grinding heat on surface quality of carbon fiber reinforced plastics [J]. Journal of Dalian University of Technology, 2011, 51(6): 809-813.
[6] 张高峰, 何杨, 鲁炎鑫, 等. 碳纤维增强复合材料低温冷风磨削试验研究 [J]. 中国机械工程, 2016, 27(20): 2779–2784. ZHANG Gaofeng, HE Yang, LU Yanxin, et al. Experimental study on cryogenic cold air grinding of carbon fiber reinforced plastics [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 27(20): 2779-2784.
[7] 王巍. CFRP加工工具研制及加工工艺研究 [D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2012.WANG Wei. Development of the cutting tools for CFRP and research on machining technology [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.
[8] 何杨. 单向CFRP直角自由切削与低温冷风磨削试验研究 [D]. 湘潭: 湘潭大学, 2016. HE Yang. Experimental study on orthogonal cutting and cryogenic cold air grinding of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics [D]. Xiangtan: Xiangtan University, 2016.
[9] CAPRINO G, De LORIO I, NELE L, et al. Effect of tool wear on cutting forces in the orthogonal cutting of unidirectional glass fiber-reinforced plastics [J]. Composites Part A Applied Science & Manufacturing, 1996, 27(5): 409-415.
[10] SALA H A G M. Composite degradation due to fluid absorption [J]. Composites Part B, 2000, 31(5): 357-373.
[11] PLUSHCHIK O A, ANISKEVICH A N. Effects of temperature and moisture on the mechanical properties of polyester resin in tension [J]. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2000, 36(3): 233-240.
[12] RAMANATH S, SHAW M C. Abrasive grain temperature at the beginning of a cut in fine grinding [J]. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1988, 110(1): 15-18.
[13] GUO C, MALKIN S. Heat transfer in grinding [J]. Journal of Materials Processing and Manufacturing Science, 1988, 1(1): 16-27.
[14] 奚欣欣, 丁文锋, 刘敏, 等. 高速磨削颗粒增强钛基复合材料的热分配分析 [J]. 金刚石与磨料磨具工程, 2015, 35(3): 6–9.XI Xinxin, DING Wenfeng, LIU Min, et al. Energy partition in high-speed grinding of particle reinforced titanium matrix composites [J]. Diamond & Abrasives Engineering, 2015, 35(3): 6-9.
[15] 王西彬, 师汉民, 任敬心. 结构陶瓷的磨削温度 [J]. 华中理工大学学报, 1996, 24(4): 14–18.WANG Xibin, SHI Hanmin, REN Jingxin. The grinding temperature of structural ceramics [J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1996, 24(4): 14-18.
[16] 申龙, 丁文锋, 李征, 等. 缓进深切磨削钛基复合材料磨削温度的研究 [J]. 金刚石与磨料磨具工程, 2016, 36(4): 44–48.SHEN Long, DING Wenfeng, LI Zheng, et al. Research on grinding temperature of particle-reinforced titanium matrix composites in creep-feed deep grinding [J]. Diamond & Abrasives Engineering, 2016, 36(4): 44-48.
[17] 全燕鸣, 何振威, 豆勇. 碳钢高速车削中基于量热法的切削热分配 [J]. 华南理工大学学报 (自然科学版), 2006, 34(11): 1–4.QUAN Yanming, HE Zhenwei, DOU Yong. Cutting heat dissipation in high-speed machining of carbon steel based on calorimetric method [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2006, 34(11): 1-4.
[18] 同晓芳. 磨削区温度场有限元分析及仿真 [D]. 武汉: 武汉理工大学, 2007.TONG Xiaofang. Finite element analysis and simulation of temperature field in grinding area [D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2007.
[19] 马海龙. C/E复合材料磨削温度理论建模与分析 [D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2010.MA Hailong. Theory modeling and analysis of grinding temperature of carbon/epoxy composite [D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2010.
[20] YASHIRO T, OGAWA T, SASAHARA H. Temperature measurement of cutting tool and machined surface layer in milling of CFRP [J]. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2013, 70(4): 63-69.
[21] 王婷婷, 顾轶卓, 王绍凯, 等. 碳纤维轴向导热性能表征及其影响因素 [J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2017, 43(9): 1931–1938. WANG Tingting, GU Yizhuo, WANG Shaokai, et al. Characterization on axial thermal conductivity of carbon fiber and its influence factors [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017, 43(9): 1931-1938.
[22] ROWE W B, BLACK S C E, MILLS B, et al. Grinding temperatures and energy partitioning [J]. Proceedings Mathematical Physical & Engineering Sciences, 1997, 453(1960): 1083-1104.