计及动态管存的电—气互联系统优化调度与高比例风电消纳
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摘要
面向高比例风电接入下电—气互联系统(IEGS)的日前优化调度问题,首先提出了风电并网功率比例因子,将其作为控制变量引入风电的随机性模型中,使风电建模可反映风电不确定程度与并网功率的相关性。其次,基于天然气传输的动态管存模型及流量平衡方程,推导了动态管存特性在应对天然气负荷波动时所呈现的缓冲特性机理。进一步地,以IEGS外购能源费用最小为目标,计及动态管存特性,同时引入极限场景的优化方法,建立了含高比例风电的IEGS日前经济调度模型,并对模型进行线性化求解。最后,构建仿真系统,验证了动态管存特性对风电不确定性功率的缓解作用,可有效提升系统运行的灵活性。同时,得出电转气(P2G)设备的应用有利于提升风电消纳能力的结论,但该能力受到风电不确定程度的制约。
This paper focuses on the study of optimized dispatching for integrated electricity and natural gas system(IEGS) under the background of high-penetration wind power. Firstly, the scale factor for wind power integration is proposed. This scale factor is introduced into the random model of wind power as a control variable so that wind power modeling can reflect the correlation between the degree of wind power and its grid-connected power. Then, based on the dynamic line pack model and flow balance equation of natural gas transmission, the mechanism of buffer characteristics exhibited by natural gas system is derived. Furthermore, taking the minimum purchased energy cost of IEGS as the target, taking into account the dynamic characteristics of the natural gas network, and introducing the optimization method of the limit scene, the economic dispatching model of IEGS with high-penetration wind power is established, and the model is linearized for solution. Finally, the simulation system is built to verify the mitigation effect of the line pack on wind power uncertainty, which can effectively improve the flexibility of system operation. In addition, it is concluded that the application of power to gas(P2 G) is conducive to improving the wind power accommodation capability, but this capability is limited by the uncertainty degree of wind power.
This paper focuses on the study of optimized dispatching for integrated electricity and natural gas system(IEGS) under the background of high-penetration wind power. Firstly, the scale factor for wind power integration is proposed. This scale factor is introduced into the random model of wind power as a control variable so that wind power modeling can reflect the correlation between the degree of wind power and its grid-connected power. Then, based on the dynamic line pack model and flow balance equation of natural gas transmission, the mechanism of buffer characteristics exhibited by natural gas system is derived. Furthermore, taking the minimum purchased energy cost of IEGS as the target, taking into account the dynamic characteristics of the natural gas network, and introducing the optimization method of the limit scene, the economic dispatching model of IEGS with high-penetration wind power is established, and the model is linearized for solution. Finally, the simulation system is built to verify the mitigation effect of the line pack on wind power uncertainty, which can effectively improve the flexibility of system operation. In addition, it is concluded that the application of power to gas(P2 G) is conducive to improving the wind power accommodation capability, but this capability is limited by the uncertainty degree of wind power.
引文
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[22] 董帅,王成福,徐士杰,等.计及网络动态特性的电-气-热综合能源系统日前优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(13):12-19.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180115006.DONG Shuai,WANG Chengfu,XU Shijie,et al.Day-ahead optimal scheduling of electricity-gas-heat integrated energy system considering dynamic characteristics of networks[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(13):12-19.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180115006.
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[28] XU Q,ZHANG N,KANG C,et al.A game theoretical pricing mechanism for multi-area spinning reserve trading considering wind power uncertainty[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(2):1084-1095.
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[31] 李清.交直流互联电网运行优化模型及算法研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015.LI Qing.Research on optimization model and algorithm for AC/DC interconnected power grid’s operation[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2015.
[32] 高红均,刘俊勇,魏震波,等.基于极限场景集的风电机组安全调度决策模型[J].电网技术,2013,37(6):1590-1595.GAO Hongjun,LIU Junyong,WEI Zhenbo,et al.A security-constrainted dispatching model for wind generation units based on extreme scenario set optimization[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(6):1590-1595.
[33] 周任军,肖钧文,唐夏菲,等.电转气消纳新能源与碳捕集电厂碳利用的协调优化[J].电力自动化设备,2018,38(7):61-67.ZHOU Renjun,XIAO Junwen,TANG Xiafei,et al.Coordinated optimization of carbon utilization between power-to-gas renewable energy accommodation and carbon capture power plant[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(7):61-67.
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[36] CORREA-POSADA C M,SANCHEZ-MARTIN P.Security-constrained optimal power and natural-gas flow[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(4):1780-1787.
[37] ZIMMERMAN R D,MURILLO-SANCHEZ C E,THOMAS R J.MATPOWER:steady-state operations,planning,and analysis tools for power systems research and education[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2011,26(1):12-19.
[38] WOLF D D,SMEERS Y.The gas transmission problem solved by an extension of the simplex algorithm[J].Management Science,2000,46(11):1454-1465.
[2] 薛志英,周明,李庚银.大规模风电接入电力系统备用决策评述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(4):148-155.XUE Zhiying,ZHOU Ming,LI Gengyin.Survey on reserve decision of power systems with large scale wind power integration[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(4):148-155.
[3] G?TZ M,LEFEBVRE J,M?RS F,et al.Renewable power-to-gas:a technological and economic review[J].Renewable Energy,2016,85:1371-1390.
[4] TRIFONOV T O.Coordination of battery energy storage and power-to-gas in distribution systems[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2017,2(1):38.
[5] 李立浧,张勇军,陈泽兴,等.智能电网与能源网融合的模式及其发展前景[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(11):1-9.LI Licheng,ZHANG Yongjun,CHEN Zexing,et al.Merger between smart grid and energy-net:mode and development prospects[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(11):1-9.
[6] 宋永华,林今,胡泽春,等.能源局域网:物理架构、运行模式与市场机制[J].中国电机工程学报,2016(21):5776-5787.SONG Yonghua,LIN Jin,HU Zechun,et al.Energy distribution network:infrastructure,operation mode and market mechanism[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):5776-5787.
[7] 王伟亮,王丹,贾宏杰,等.考虑天然气网络状态的电力-天然气区域综合能源系统稳态分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(5):1293-1304.WANG Weiliang,WANG Dan,JIA Hongjie,et al.Steady state analysis of electricity-gas regional integrated energy system with consideration of NGS network status[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(5):1293-1304.
[8] PURSIHEIMO E,HOLTTINEN H,KOLJONEN T.Path toward 100% renewable energy future and feasibility of power-to-gas technology in Nordic countries[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2017,11(13):1695-1706.
[9] JENTSCH M,TROST T,STERNER M.Optimal use of power-to-gas energy storage systems in an 85% renewable energy scenario[J].Energy Procedia,2014,46:254-261.
[10] 李杨,刘伟佳,赵俊华,等.含电转气的电-气-热系统协同调度与消纳风电效益分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3680-3688.LI Yang,LIU Weijia,ZHAO Junhua,et al.Optimal dispatch of combined electricity-gas-heat energy systems with power-to-gas devices and benefit analysis of wind power accommodation[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3680-3688.
[11] CLEGG S,MANCARELLA P.Storing renewables in the gas network:modelling of power-to-gas seasonal storage flexibility in low-carbon power systems[J].IET Generation,Transmission and Distribution,2016,10(3):566-575.
[12] 卫志农,张思德,孙国强,等.基于碳交易机制的电-气互联综合能源系统低碳经济运行[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(15):9-16.WEI Zhinong,ZHANG Side,SUN Guoqiang,et al.Carbon trading based low-carbon economic operation for integrated electricity and natural gas energy system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(15):9-16.
[13] KOU Y N,ZHENG J H,ZHIGANG L I,et al.Many-objective optimization for coordinated operation of integrated electricity and gas network[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2017,5(3):350-363.
[14] LIU C,SHAHIDEHPOUR M,WANG J.Application of augmented Lagrangian relaxation to coordinated scheduling of interdependent hydrothermal power and natural gas systems[J].IET Generation,Transmission and Distribution,2010,4(12):1314.
[15] 瞿小斌,文云峰,叶希,等.基于串行和并行ADMM算法的电-气能量流分布式协同优化[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(4):12-19.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160805007.QU Xiaobin,WEN Yunfeng,YE Xi,et al.Distributed optimization of electric-gas integrated energy flow using serial and parallel iterative modes for alternating direction method of multipliers[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(4):12-19.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160805007.
[16] HE C,WU L,LIU T,et al.Robust co-optimization scheduling of electricity and natural gas systems via ADMM[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2017,8(2):658-670.
[17] 税月,刘俊勇,高红均,等.考虑风电不确定性的电气能源系统两阶段分布鲁棒协同调度[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(13):43-50.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171218008.SHUI Yue,LIU Junyong,GAO Hongjun,et al.Two-stage distributed robust cooperative dispatch for integrated electricity and natural gas energy systems considering uncertainty of wind power[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(13):43-50.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171218008.
[18] 孙国强,陈霜,卫志农,等.计及相关性的电-气互联系统概率最优潮流[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(21):11-17.SUN Guoqiang,CHEN Shuang,WEI Zhinong,et al.Probabilistic optimal power flow of combined natural gas and electric system considering correlation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(21):11-17.
[19] LIU C,SHAHIDEHPOUR M,WANG J H.Coordinated scheduling of electricity and natural gas infrastructures with a transient model for natural gas flow [J].Chaos:An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science,2011,21(2):025102.
[20] 艾小猛,方家琨,徐沈智,等.一种考虑天然气系统动态过程的气电联合系统优化运行模型[J].电网技术,2018,42(2):1-8.AI Xiaomeng,FANG Jiakun,XU Shenzhi,et al.An optimal energy flow model in integrated gas-electric systems considering dynamics of natural gas system[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(2):1-8.
[21] CHAUDRY M,JENKINS N,STRBAC G.Multi-time period combined gas and electricity network optimization[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2008,78(7):1265-1279.
[22] 董帅,王成福,徐士杰,等.计及网络动态特性的电-气-热综合能源系统日前优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(13):12-19.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180115006.DONG Shuai,WANG Chengfu,XU Shijie,et al.Day-ahead optimal scheduling of electricity-gas-heat integrated energy system considering dynamic characteristics of networks[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(13):12-19.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180115006.
[23] CORREA-POSADA C M,SANCHEZ-MARTIN P.Integrated power and natural gas model for energy adequacy in short-term operation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(6):3347-3355.
[24] CHEN Z,ZHANG Y,TIANYAO J I,et al.Coordinated optimal dispatch and market equilibrium of integrated electric power and natural gas networks with P2G embedded[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2018,6(3):495-508.
[25] MARTINEZ-MARES A,FUERTE-ESQUIVEL C R.A robust optimization approach for the interdependency analysis of integrated energy systems considering wind power uncertainty[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(4):3964-3976.
[26] ALABDULWAHAB A,ABUSORRAH A,ZHANG X,et al.Coordination of interdependent natural gas and electricity infrastructures for firming the variability of wind energy in stochastic day-ahead scheduling[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2017,6(2):606-615.
[27] HETZER J,YU D C,BHATTARAI K.An economic dispatch model incorporating wind power[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2008,23(2):603-611.
[28] XU Q,ZHANG N,KANG C,et al.A game theoretical pricing mechanism for multi-area spinning reserve trading considering wind power uncertainty[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(2):1084-1095.
[29] SAHU P K,PAL S R,DAS A K.Estimation and Inferential Statistics[M].New Delhi:Springer India,2015.
[30] 严铭卿,宓亢琪,黎光华,等.天然气输配技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.YAN Mingqing,FU Kangqi,LI Guanghua,et al.Distribution technology of natural gas[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005.
[31] 李清.交直流互联电网运行优化模型及算法研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015.LI Qing.Research on optimization model and algorithm for AC/DC interconnected power grid’s operation[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2015.
[32] 高红均,刘俊勇,魏震波,等.基于极限场景集的风电机组安全调度决策模型[J].电网技术,2013,37(6):1590-1595.GAO Hongjun,LIU Junyong,WEI Zhenbo,et al.A security-constrainted dispatching model for wind generation units based on extreme scenario set optimization[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(6):1590-1595.
[33] 周任军,肖钧文,唐夏菲,等.电转气消纳新能源与碳捕集电厂碳利用的协调优化[J].电力自动化设备,2018,38(7):61-67.ZHOU Renjun,XIAO Junwen,TANG Xiafei,et al.Coordinated optimization of carbon utilization between power-to-gas renewable energy accommodation and carbon capture power plant[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(7):61-67.
[34] XING X T,LIN J,SONG Y H,et al.Modeling and operation of the power-to-gas system for renewables integration:a review[J].CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems,2018,4(2):168-178.
[35] MUNOZ J,JIMENEZ-REDONDO N,PEREZ-RUIZ J,et al.Natural gas network modeling for power systems reliability studies[C]// 2003 IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings,June 23-26,2003,Bologna,Italy:8p.
[36] CORREA-POSADA C M,SANCHEZ-MARTIN P.Security-constrained optimal power and natural-gas flow[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(4):1780-1787.
[37] ZIMMERMAN R D,MURILLO-SANCHEZ C E,THOMAS R J.MATPOWER:steady-state operations,planning,and analysis tools for power systems research and education[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2011,26(1):12-19.
[38] WOLF D D,SMEERS Y.The gas transmission problem solved by an extension of the simplex algorithm[J].Management Science,2000,46(11):1454-1465.