重穗型变异材料爪哇稻22的生理性状和遗传特性
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摘要
重穗型是超级稻(Oryza sativa)育种的主要目标之一,能使单株各产量因子达到最优配置,是实现单位面积高产的基础。重穗型变异材料爪哇稻22 (Oryza sativa ssp. javanica)是由香大粒(Oryza sativa ssp.javanica)自然变异产生,其生理性状和遗传特性的研究有助于明确其利用价值。本研究对爪哇稻22与其野生型香大粒的主要生理性状以及外观和蒸煮食味品质差异进行了比较,用20对典型的籼粳分型SSR标记鉴定其籼粳遗传特性,进行聚类分析并构建SSR指纹图谱,用分子标记Wx M1进行糯性鉴定。结果显示,爪哇稻22单穗重为7.70 g,为重穗型变异材料;与香大粒相比,虽然爪哇稻22的千粒重极显著降低(P<0.01),但其他生理性状显著改善,特别是实粒数、结实率和单穗重极显著提高(P<0.01),外观品质和蒸煮食味品质均有所改善,品质较好。籼粳遗传分析表明,爪哇稻22含粳型特异标记8对,含籼型特异标记12对;爪哇稻22为籼粳混合偏籼型,而其野生型香大粒为籼粳混合偏粳型。聚类分析结果显示,爪哇稻22与荆糯6号(Oryza sativa ssp. indica)同属一群,遗传相似系数为0.63;而其野生型与京糯8号(Oryza sativa ssp. japonica)同属一群,遗传相似系数为0.81。分子标记糯性鉴定显示,爪哇稻22蜡质基因第2外显子有23 bp插入,为wxwx基因型,是典型糯稻,其表观直链淀粉含量仅1.42%,比其野生型香大粒(3.80%)更低。比较变异材料和野生型的DNA指纹图谱可知,爪哇稻22发生了多位点变异。重穗型变异体爪哇稻22具有优良的生理性状,其遗传背景为籼粳混合偏籼特性,因此可作为优异种质用于超级稻选育和籼粳交的桥梁亲本。本研究结果在超级稻育种上具有一定的理论意义。
Heavy panicle type is one of the main objectives of super rice breeding, and has the optimal combination for different yield factors per each plant, and is the basis for the high yield of unit area. Heavy panicle variant, Javanica 22(Oryza sativa ssp. javanica), is a natural variation derived from Xiangdali(Oryza sativa ssp. javanica). Investigation in Javanica 22 physiological traits and genetic characteristics contributes to clarify its utilization value. In this study, the main physiological characters, the appearance quality, eating and cooking qualities(ECQs) of Javanica 22 and its wild type Xiangdali were compared. Indica or Japonica characteristic of Javanica 22 was identified by reported 20 pairs of typical SSR markers. According to the above result of identification, cluster analysis was carried out and SSR fingerprints of 4 varieties/lines were constructed. Glutinous property was experimented by molecular marker Wx M1. The results indicated that the weight of single panicle of Javanica 22 was 7.70 g, belonging to a variant of heavy panicle type. Compared with Xiangdali, the physiological traits of Javanica 22, especially the filled grain number, seed setting rate and single panicle weight were significantly improved(P<0.01), but 1000-grain weight was significantly decreased(P<0.01). The appearance quality and ECQs were also improved. Genetic analysis of Indica or Japonica characteristic showed that Javanica 22 had 8 pairs of markers with Japonica characteristics and 12 pairs of markers with Indica characteristics, belonged to mixed characteristics of Indica and Japonica but partial to Indica, yet its wild type Xiangdali belonging to mixed characteristics of Indica and Japonica but partial to Japonica. Cluster analysis also showed that Javanica 22 belonged to the same group with Jingnuo 6(Oryza sativa ssp. indica) and its genetic similarity coefficient was 0.63; While its wild type belonged to the same group with Jingnuo 8(Oryza sativa ssp. japonica), and its' genetic similarity coefficient was 0.81.Glutinous identification showed that the second exon of its waxy gene had nucleotides insertion of 23 bp,which was recessive wxwx genotype. Therefore, Javanica 22 was a typical glutinous rice with lower apparent amylose content(1.42%) than its wild-type, Xiangdali(3.80%). Multiple loci variation in Javanica 22 were found by comparing the DNA fingerprints of variant and wild type in this study. The heavy panicle variant Javanica 22 had more excellent physiological traits than its wild type and its genetic background had the characteristics of Indica and Japonica but partial to Indica, which could be used as an excellent germplasm in super rice breeding and as a bridge parent in hybridization of Indica and Japonica. The conclusion has definite theoretical significance in super rice breeding.
Heavy panicle type is one of the main objectives of super rice breeding, and has the optimal combination for different yield factors per each plant, and is the basis for the high yield of unit area. Heavy panicle variant, Javanica 22(Oryza sativa ssp. javanica), is a natural variation derived from Xiangdali(Oryza sativa ssp. javanica). Investigation in Javanica 22 physiological traits and genetic characteristics contributes to clarify its utilization value. In this study, the main physiological characters, the appearance quality, eating and cooking qualities(ECQs) of Javanica 22 and its wild type Xiangdali were compared. Indica or Japonica characteristic of Javanica 22 was identified by reported 20 pairs of typical SSR markers. According to the above result of identification, cluster analysis was carried out and SSR fingerprints of 4 varieties/lines were constructed. Glutinous property was experimented by molecular marker Wx M1. The results indicated that the weight of single panicle of Javanica 22 was 7.70 g, belonging to a variant of heavy panicle type. Compared with Xiangdali, the physiological traits of Javanica 22, especially the filled grain number, seed setting rate and single panicle weight were significantly improved(P<0.01), but 1000-grain weight was significantly decreased(P<0.01). The appearance quality and ECQs were also improved. Genetic analysis of Indica or Japonica characteristic showed that Javanica 22 had 8 pairs of markers with Japonica characteristics and 12 pairs of markers with Indica characteristics, belonged to mixed characteristics of Indica and Japonica but partial to Indica, yet its wild type Xiangdali belonging to mixed characteristics of Indica and Japonica but partial to Japonica. Cluster analysis also showed that Javanica 22 belonged to the same group with Jingnuo 6(Oryza sativa ssp. indica) and its genetic similarity coefficient was 0.63; While its wild type belonged to the same group with Jingnuo 8(Oryza sativa ssp. japonica), and its' genetic similarity coefficient was 0.81.Glutinous identification showed that the second exon of its waxy gene had nucleotides insertion of 23 bp,which was recessive wxwx genotype. Therefore, Javanica 22 was a typical glutinous rice with lower apparent amylose content(1.42%) than its wild-type, Xiangdali(3.80%). Multiple loci variation in Javanica 22 were found by comparing the DNA fingerprints of variant and wild type in this study. The heavy panicle variant Javanica 22 had more excellent physiological traits than its wild type and its genetic background had the characteristics of Indica and Japonica but partial to Indica, which could be used as an excellent germplasm in super rice breeding and as a bridge parent in hybridization of Indica and Japonica. The conclusion has definite theoretical significance in super rice breeding.
引文
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刘文强.2008.稻瘟病抗性基因Pi25(t)与产量因子相关的遗传分析及标记辅助选择[D].硕士学位论文,中国农业科学院,导师:吴建利,pp.20-21.(Liu W Q.2008.Genetic analysis and marker-assisted selection of rice blast resistance gene Pi25(t)related to yield factors[D].Thesis for M.S.,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Suppervisor:Wu J L,pp.20-21.)
毛艇,徐海,郭艳华,等.2009.利用SSR分子标记进行水稻籼粳分类体系的初步构建[J].华北农学报,24(1):119-124.(Mao T,Xu H,Guo Y H,et al.2009.Establishment of subspecies classification of Indica and Japonica system by SSR markers[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,24(1):119-124.)
马均,马文波,周开达,等.2002.水稻不同穗型品种穗颈节间组织与籽粒充实特性的研究[J].作物学报,28(2):215-220.(Ma J,Ma W B,Zhou K D,et al.2002.The characteristics of the tissues of the first internode and their relations to the grain-filling for the different panicle types of rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,28(2):215-220.)
马均,朱庆森,马文波,等.2003.重穗型水稻光合作用、物质累积与运转的研究[J].中国农业科学,36(4):375-381.(Ma J,Zhu Q S,Ma W B,et al 2003.Studies on the photosynthetic characteristics and accumulation and transformation of assimilation product in heavy panicle type of rice[J].Scientia Agriculture Sinica,36(4):375-381.)
舒庆尧,吴殿星,夏英武,等.1998.稻米淀粉RVA谱特征与食用品质的关系[J].中国农业科学,31(3):25-29.(Shu Q Y,Wu D X,Xia Y W,et al.1998.The relationship between the RVA spectrum characteristics of rice starch and the quality of food[J].Scientia Agriculture Sinica,31(3):25-29.)
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