雅鲁藏布江河谷山地灌丛草地区系组成及特征
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摘要
为了有效修复日渐退化的雅鲁藏布江中游河谷地区山地植被,采用群落生态学方法对雅鲁藏布江河谷亚高山灌丛草地群落进行了研究分析.结果表明:该区灌丛草地群落共有维管束植物166种,隶属于47科115属,种类组成较为丰富,属内种系相对贫乏.地理成分及科属分析表明,该区灌丛草地群落具有明显的温带性质;生活型和叶的性质分析表明,该区灌丛草地群落的外貌主要是由落叶全缘叶单叶矮高位芽植物所决定的.群落结构简单,仅有灌木层和草本层.雅鲁藏布江河谷半干旱区亚高山灌丛草地群落的总特点是以地面芽、微形叶、草质叶、单叶、全缘叶为特征,反映了青藏高原高山、寒、旱的性质.在分析灌丛草地群落特征的基础上,还对其生态修复进行了探讨.
The methods of community ecology were used to analyze the subalpine shrub-grass communities in the semiarid Yarlung Zangbo River Valley so as to restore the degenerated mountainous vegetation more effectively. The results showed that there were 166 species of vascular plants of 115 genera and 47 families in the shrub-grass communities. The species in the area were abundant in number, while the species within a genus were relatively scarce. The analysis of geographical factors and plant families and genera demonstrated that the shrub-grass communities were of a distinct temperate nature. The life form and leaf characteristics revealed that the physiognomy of the shrub-grass communities was mainly determined by the nanophanerophytes with deciduous, simple and entire leaves. The structure of the shrub-grass communities was relatively simple and could be divided into a shrub layer and a herb layer. The subalpine shrub-grass communities in the semiarid Yarlung Zangbo River Valley were characterized by the hemicryptophyte, nanophyll, herbaceous, simple leaf and entire leaf, which reflected the alpine, cold and drought characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on the characteristics of the shrub-grass communities, their ecological restoration was discussed.
The methods of community ecology were used to analyze the subalpine shrub-grass communities in the semiarid Yarlung Zangbo River Valley so as to restore the degenerated mountainous vegetation more effectively. The results showed that there were 166 species of vascular plants of 115 genera and 47 families in the shrub-grass communities. The species in the area were abundant in number, while the species within a genus were relatively scarce. The analysis of geographical factors and plant families and genera demonstrated that the shrub-grass communities were of a distinct temperate nature. The life form and leaf characteristics revealed that the physiognomy of the shrub-grass communities was mainly determined by the nanophanerophytes with deciduous, simple and entire leaves. The structure of the shrub-grass communities was relatively simple and could be divided into a shrub layer and a herb layer. The subalpine shrub-grass communities in the semiarid Yarlung Zangbo River Valley were characterized by the hemicryptophyte, nanophyll, herbaceous, simple leaf and entire leaf, which reflected the alpine, cold and drought characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on the characteristics of the shrub-grass communities, their ecological restoration was discussed.
引文
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[17]赵海珍,李文华,马爱进,等.拉萨河谷山地灌丛草地生态系统服务价值评价---以拉萨达孜县为例[J].草业科学,2010,27(12):27-31.
[18]张光富,宋永昌.浙江天童灌丛群落的种类组成、结构及外貌特征[J].广西植物,2001,21(3):201-207,200.
[19]SZAFER W.Principles of General Plant Geography[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1958.
[20]温远光,赖家业,梁宏温,等.大明山退化生态系统群落的外貌特征研究[J].广西农业大学学报,1998,17(2):154-159.
[21]陈光水,杨玉盛,谢锦升,等.杉木老龄林与原生杂木林群落外貌特征比较分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(4):54-58.
[22]罗建,王景升,罗大庆,等.巨柏群落特征的研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(3):295-300.
[23]钱迎倩,甄仁得.生物多样性研究进展[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1995:318-334.
[2]ODUM E P.Fundamentals of Ecology[M].Beijing:People's Education Press,1981:191-195.
[3]李新荣,赵洋,回嵘,等.中国干旱区恢复生态学研究进展及趋势评述[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(11):1435-1443.
[4]张新时.关于生态重建和生态恢复的思辨及其科学涵义与发展途径[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):112-118.
[5]李海东,沈渭寿,赵卫,等.1957-2007年雅鲁藏布江中游河谷降水变化的小波分析[J].气象与环境学报,2010,26(4):1-7.
[6]丁云春.西藏贡嘎机场风沙灾害成因分析及防治措施[J].林业调查规划,2006,31(3):122-125.
[7]宋善允,王鹏祥,杜军,等.西藏气候[M].北京:气象出版社,2013.
[8]吴征镒,周浙昆,李德铢,等.世界种子植物科的分布区类型系统[J].云南植物研究,2003,25(3):245-257.
[9]吴征镒.中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J].云南植物研究,1991,13(增刊Ⅳ):1-139.
[10]罗建,汪书丽,赵垦田,等.拉萨河流域的野生种子植物区系[J].林业科学,2012,48(2):22-30.
[11]RAUNKIAER C.The Life Forms of Plant and Statistical Plant Geography[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1932:2-104.
[12]吴征镒.西藏植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[13]DANSEREAU P.Biogeography:an Ecological Perspective[M].New York:Ronald Press,1957.
[14]PAIJMANS K.An Analysis of Four Tropical Rain Forest Sites in New Guinea[J].Journal of Ecology,1970,58(1):77-101.
[15]BARKMAN J J.The Study of Vegetation[M].The Hague-Boston London:Junk Publishers,1979:123-160.
[16]罗建,边巴多吉,郑维列.西藏米拉山区种子植物区系研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(6):18-22.
[17]赵海珍,李文华,马爱进,等.拉萨河谷山地灌丛草地生态系统服务价值评价---以拉萨达孜县为例[J].草业科学,2010,27(12):27-31.
[18]张光富,宋永昌.浙江天童灌丛群落的种类组成、结构及外貌特征[J].广西植物,2001,21(3):201-207,200.
[19]SZAFER W.Principles of General Plant Geography[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1958.
[20]温远光,赖家业,梁宏温,等.大明山退化生态系统群落的外貌特征研究[J].广西农业大学学报,1998,17(2):154-159.
[21]陈光水,杨玉盛,谢锦升,等.杉木老龄林与原生杂木林群落外貌特征比较分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(4):54-58.
[22]罗建,王景升,罗大庆,等.巨柏群落特征的研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(3):295-300.
[23]钱迎倩,甄仁得.生物多样性研究进展[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1995:318-334.
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