不同棉花品种对脱叶剂的响应
|
摘要
【目的】研究不同棉花品种对脱叶剂响应,筛选出脱叶效果较好棉花品种。【方法】选择脱叶效果较好的脱叶剂-脱吐隆,分析喷施前后棉花的光合作用和棉花叶片数、脱叶率、单株铃数、单铃重、单产、衣分、马克隆值、纤维长度等指标变化规律。【结果】Pn角度分析,喷施脱叶剂5 d敏感的品种顺序为P1、P3、P10、P8;Ci角度分析喷施脱叶剂5 d敏感的品种顺序为P1、P10、P2、P3;P10与P3在前期脱叶速率较快,后期P1脱叶速率较快,且脱叶率最高;产量性状各指标(P2衣分、皮棉除外)均低于清水对照;脱叶剂喷施与清水对照的纤维品质各指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】P1、P3、P10品种对脱叶剂的响应较为迅速。
【Objective】 This project aims to study the response of cotton varieties with different genotypes to defoliants in order to select cotton varieties with better defoliation effect. 【Method】Defoliation with better effect was selected to study the photosynthesis, the leaf number, defoliation rate, boll number per plant, boll weight per boll, yield per boll, lint percentage, micronaire value and fiber length of cotton before and after spraying. 【Result】From Pn point of view, the order of varieties sensitive to defoliant application for 5 days was P1, P3, P10 and P8; from Ci point of view, the order of varieties sensitive to defoliant application for 5 days was P1, P10, P2 and P3; the rate of defoliation of P10 and P3 was faster in the early stage, but the rate of defoliation of P1 was faster in the later stage, and the rate of defoliation was the highest; the indexes of yield traits(except for P2 lint and lint cotton) were lower than those of others. There was no significant difference in fiber quality between fresh water control and defoliant spraying(P > 0.05). 【Conclusion】Comparing photosynthesis and defoliation rate of the different cotton varieties, it was concluded that P1, P3 and P10 varieties responded quickly to defoliants.
【Objective】 This project aims to study the response of cotton varieties with different genotypes to defoliants in order to select cotton varieties with better defoliation effect. 【Method】Defoliation with better effect was selected to study the photosynthesis, the leaf number, defoliation rate, boll number per plant, boll weight per boll, yield per boll, lint percentage, micronaire value and fiber length of cotton before and after spraying. 【Result】From Pn point of view, the order of varieties sensitive to defoliant application for 5 days was P1, P3, P10 and P8; from Ci point of view, the order of varieties sensitive to defoliant application for 5 days was P1, P10, P2 and P3; the rate of defoliation of P10 and P3 was faster in the early stage, but the rate of defoliation of P1 was faster in the later stage, and the rate of defoliation was the highest; the indexes of yield traits(except for P2 lint and lint cotton) were lower than those of others. There was no significant difference in fiber quality between fresh water control and defoliant spraying(P > 0.05). 【Conclusion】Comparing photosynthesis and defoliation rate of the different cotton varieties, it was concluded that P1, P3 and P10 varieties responded quickly to defoliants.
引文
[1]喻树迅,张雷,冯文娟.快乐植棉-中国棉花生产的发展方向[J].棉花学报,2015,27(3):283-290.YU Shu-xun,ZHANG Lei,FENG Wen-juan.(2015).Happy planting cotton-The development direction of cotton production in China [J].Cotton Science,27(3):283-290.(in Chinese)
[2]朱小平,郑新疆,张静,等.新疆生产建设兵团机采棉推广现状及建议[C]//.中国棉花学会 2013 年年会论文汇编.安阳:中国棉花杂志社,2013:61-62.ZHU Xiao-ping,ZHENG Xin-jiang,ZHANG Jing,et al.(2013).Current status and suggestions on the promotion of cotton production in Xinjiang production and construction corps [C]//.China Cotton Society 2013 Annual Conference Papers.Anyang:China Cotton Magazine:61-62.(in Chinese)
[3]黄勇.对新疆机采棉技术的探讨[J].中国棉花,2005,32(10):9-11.HUANG Yong.Discussion on machine cotton picking technology in Xinjiang[J].China Cotton,2005,32(10):9-11.(in Chinese)
[4]赵战胜,邢晓东,张庭军,等.脱叶剂喷洒时期对棉花产量性状及品质的影响[J].新疆农垦科技,2014,(9):34-35.ZHAO Zhan-sheng,XING Xiao-dong,ZHANG Ting-jun,et al.(2014).Effects of spraying time of defoliating agent on cotton yield traits and quality [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Reclamation Science and Technology,(9):34-35.(in Chinese)
[5]韩焕勇,王方永,陈兵,等.化学脱叶催熟剂对早熟陆地棉新陆早51号应用效果的研究[J].作物杂志,2014,(4):112-114.HAN Huan-yong,WANG Fang-yong,CHEN Bing,et al.(2014).Study on the application effect of chemical defoliation ripening agent on early-maturing upland cotton Xinluzao No.51 [J].Crops,(4):112-114.(in Chinese)
[6]赵永林,朱家驹,张照明,等.机采棉脱叶剂使用技术及影响脱叶效果因素[J].新疆农机化,2004(6):56-57.ZHAO Yong-lin,ZHU Jia-ju,ZHANG Zhao-ming,et al.(2004).Application Technology of Machine Picking Cotton Defoliating Agent and Factors Affecting Defoliation Effect [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization,(6):56-57.(in Chinese)
[7]樊庆鲁.棉花脱叶与催熟应用技术研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士论文,2008.FAN Qing-lu.(2008).Study on application techniques of cotton defoliation and ripening [D].Master Dissertation.Northwest A & F University,Yangling.(in Chinese)
[8]徐新洲,聂新富,张学辉,等.北疆机采棉化学脱叶试验初探[J].新疆农机化,2001,(2):26-27.XU Xin-zhou,NIE Xin-fu,ZHANG Xue-hui,et al.(2001).Preliminary study on chemical defoliation test of machine cotton picking in northern Xinjiang [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization,(2):26-27.(in Chinese)
[9] 朱继杰,赵红霞,王士杰,等.不同棉花品种对脱叶剂敏感性研究[J].中国棉花,2018,45(4):15-18,33.ZHU Ji-jie,ZHAO Hong xia,WANG Shi-jie,et al.(2018).Study on sensitivity of different cotton varieties to defoliants [J].China Cotton,45(4):15-18,33.(in Chinese)
[10]樊庆鲁,陈云,陈冠文,等.不同配方棉花脱叶与催熟应用技术研究[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47( 12):2 390-2 396.FAN Qing-lu,CHEN Yun,CHEN Guan-wen,et al.(2010).Study on application techniques of defoliation and ripening of different formula cottons [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,47(12):2,390-2,396.(in Chinese)
[11] Opur,O.,Demirel,U.,Polat,R.,& MA Gür.(2010).Effect of different defoliants and application times on the yield and quality components of cotton in semi-arid conditions.African Journal of Biotechnology,9(14):2,095-2,100.
[12]田景山,张旺锋.新疆棉花纤维品质状况、存在问题及对策分析- 从新体制棉花公正检验数据分析新疆棉花纤维品质降低的原因[C]//.2015 年全囯棉花青年学术研讨会论文汇编,石河子大学,2015.TIAN Jing-shan,ZHANG Wang-feng.(2015).Quality Status,Existing Problems and Countermeasures of Cotton Fiber in Xinjiang - Analysis of the Reasons for the Decline of Cotton Fiber Quality in Xinjiang from the New System Cotton Fairness Test Data [C]//.National Cotton Youth Symposium Compilation,Shihezi University.(in Chinese)
[13]毛树春,李亚兵,支晓宇,等.中国棉花的科技进步[J].农业展望,2016,(1):57- 64.MAO Shu-chun,LI Ya-bing,ZHI Xiao-yu,et al.(2016).The scientific and technological progress of Chinese cotton [J].Agricultural Outlook,(1):57-64.(in Chinese)
[14] Hultstrand,S.J.F.(1991).Ethylene-induced leaf abscission in cotton seedlings:the physiological bases for age-dependent differences in sensitivity.Plant Physiology,95(1):29-33.
[15] Snipes,C.E.,& Baskin,C.C.(1994).Influence of early defoliation on cotton yield,seed quality,and fiber properties.Field Crops Research,37(2):137-143.
[16]梁红军,李平.兵团机采棉技术推广现状及对策[J].新疆农垦科技,2007,(4):74-75.LIANG Hong-jun,LI Ping.(2007).Current situation and countermeasures of the popularization of the machine cotton picking technology in Corps [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Reclamation Science and Technology,(4):74-75.(in Chinese)
[17]王刚,刘辉,赵海,等.新疆兵团棉花机械采收存在的问题及对策[J].中国棉花,2011,38(9):37-38.WANG Gang,LIU Hui,ZHAO Hai,et al.(2011).Problems and countermeasures of cotton machinery harvesting in Xinjiang Corps [J].China Cotton,38(9):37-38.(in Chinese)
[18]胡兆璋.加速推广机采棉技术推进兵团农业现代化进程[J].新疆农垦科技,2001,(2):3-5.HU Zhao-zhang.(2001).Accelerating the promotion of machine cotton picking technology to promote the agricultural modernization process of the Corps [J].Xinjiang Land Reclamation Science and Technology,(2):3-5.(in Chinese)
[19]沈玲凤.兵团农场采棉机械化发展的制约因素及对策[J].新疆农机化,2004,(4):46-47.SHEN Ling-feng.(2004).Restrictive factors and countermeasures for the development of cotton Mechanization in Corps farms [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization,(4):46-47.(in Chinese)
[20]曹阳,严玉萍,冯振秀,等.棉花机械采收脱叶剂应用试验及提高脱叶效果途径分析[J].作物杂志,2012,(4):144-147.CAO Yang,YAN Yu-ping,FENG Zhen-xiu,et al.(2012).Application test of cotton mechanical harvesting defoliating agent and analysis of ways to improve defoliation effect [J].Crops,(4):144-147.(in Chinese)
[21] Bange,M.P.,Long,R.L.,Constable,G.A.,& Gordon,S.G..(2010).Minimizing immature fiber and neps in upland cotton.Agronomy Journal,102(2):781-789.
[22] 王谊,杨丽红.脱叶剂对棉花脱叶率和产量的影响[J].中国棉花,2014,41(4):28-30.WANG Yi,YANG Li-hong.(2014).Effects of defoliating agents on defoliation rate and yield of cotton [J].China Cotton,41(4):28-30.(in Chinese)
[23]高丽丽.脱叶剂喷施时间对棉花生理调节效应的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学硕士论文,2016.GAO Li-li.(2016).Study on the physiological regulation effect of defoliating agent spraying time on cotton [D].Master Dissertation.Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi.(in Chinese)
[2]朱小平,郑新疆,张静,等.新疆生产建设兵团机采棉推广现状及建议[C]//.中国棉花学会 2013 年年会论文汇编.安阳:中国棉花杂志社,2013:61-62.ZHU Xiao-ping,ZHENG Xin-jiang,ZHANG Jing,et al.(2013).Current status and suggestions on the promotion of cotton production in Xinjiang production and construction corps [C]//.China Cotton Society 2013 Annual Conference Papers.Anyang:China Cotton Magazine:61-62.(in Chinese)
[3]黄勇.对新疆机采棉技术的探讨[J].中国棉花,2005,32(10):9-11.HUANG Yong.Discussion on machine cotton picking technology in Xinjiang[J].China Cotton,2005,32(10):9-11.(in Chinese)
[4]赵战胜,邢晓东,张庭军,等.脱叶剂喷洒时期对棉花产量性状及品质的影响[J].新疆农垦科技,2014,(9):34-35.ZHAO Zhan-sheng,XING Xiao-dong,ZHANG Ting-jun,et al.(2014).Effects of spraying time of defoliating agent on cotton yield traits and quality [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Reclamation Science and Technology,(9):34-35.(in Chinese)
[5]韩焕勇,王方永,陈兵,等.化学脱叶催熟剂对早熟陆地棉新陆早51号应用效果的研究[J].作物杂志,2014,(4):112-114.HAN Huan-yong,WANG Fang-yong,CHEN Bing,et al.(2014).Study on the application effect of chemical defoliation ripening agent on early-maturing upland cotton Xinluzao No.51 [J].Crops,(4):112-114.(in Chinese)
[6]赵永林,朱家驹,张照明,等.机采棉脱叶剂使用技术及影响脱叶效果因素[J].新疆农机化,2004(6):56-57.ZHAO Yong-lin,ZHU Jia-ju,ZHANG Zhao-ming,et al.(2004).Application Technology of Machine Picking Cotton Defoliating Agent and Factors Affecting Defoliation Effect [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization,(6):56-57.(in Chinese)
[7]樊庆鲁.棉花脱叶与催熟应用技术研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士论文,2008.FAN Qing-lu.(2008).Study on application techniques of cotton defoliation and ripening [D].Master Dissertation.Northwest A & F University,Yangling.(in Chinese)
[8]徐新洲,聂新富,张学辉,等.北疆机采棉化学脱叶试验初探[J].新疆农机化,2001,(2):26-27.XU Xin-zhou,NIE Xin-fu,ZHANG Xue-hui,et al.(2001).Preliminary study on chemical defoliation test of machine cotton picking in northern Xinjiang [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization,(2):26-27.(in Chinese)
[9] 朱继杰,赵红霞,王士杰,等.不同棉花品种对脱叶剂敏感性研究[J].中国棉花,2018,45(4):15-18,33.ZHU Ji-jie,ZHAO Hong xia,WANG Shi-jie,et al.(2018).Study on sensitivity of different cotton varieties to defoliants [J].China Cotton,45(4):15-18,33.(in Chinese)
[10]樊庆鲁,陈云,陈冠文,等.不同配方棉花脱叶与催熟应用技术研究[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47( 12):2 390-2 396.FAN Qing-lu,CHEN Yun,CHEN Guan-wen,et al.(2010).Study on application techniques of defoliation and ripening of different formula cottons [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,47(12):2,390-2,396.(in Chinese)
[11] Opur,O.,Demirel,U.,Polat,R.,& MA Gür.(2010).Effect of different defoliants and application times on the yield and quality components of cotton in semi-arid conditions.African Journal of Biotechnology,9(14):2,095-2,100.
[12]田景山,张旺锋.新疆棉花纤维品质状况、存在问题及对策分析- 从新体制棉花公正检验数据分析新疆棉花纤维品质降低的原因[C]//.2015 年全囯棉花青年学术研讨会论文汇编,石河子大学,2015.TIAN Jing-shan,ZHANG Wang-feng.(2015).Quality Status,Existing Problems and Countermeasures of Cotton Fiber in Xinjiang - Analysis of the Reasons for the Decline of Cotton Fiber Quality in Xinjiang from the New System Cotton Fairness Test Data [C]//.National Cotton Youth Symposium Compilation,Shihezi University.(in Chinese)
[13]毛树春,李亚兵,支晓宇,等.中国棉花的科技进步[J].农业展望,2016,(1):57- 64.MAO Shu-chun,LI Ya-bing,ZHI Xiao-yu,et al.(2016).The scientific and technological progress of Chinese cotton [J].Agricultural Outlook,(1):57-64.(in Chinese)
[14] Hultstrand,S.J.F.(1991).Ethylene-induced leaf abscission in cotton seedlings:the physiological bases for age-dependent differences in sensitivity.Plant Physiology,95(1):29-33.
[15] Snipes,C.E.,& Baskin,C.C.(1994).Influence of early defoliation on cotton yield,seed quality,and fiber properties.Field Crops Research,37(2):137-143.
[16]梁红军,李平.兵团机采棉技术推广现状及对策[J].新疆农垦科技,2007,(4):74-75.LIANG Hong-jun,LI Ping.(2007).Current situation and countermeasures of the popularization of the machine cotton picking technology in Corps [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Reclamation Science and Technology,(4):74-75.(in Chinese)
[17]王刚,刘辉,赵海,等.新疆兵团棉花机械采收存在的问题及对策[J].中国棉花,2011,38(9):37-38.WANG Gang,LIU Hui,ZHAO Hai,et al.(2011).Problems and countermeasures of cotton machinery harvesting in Xinjiang Corps [J].China Cotton,38(9):37-38.(in Chinese)
[18]胡兆璋.加速推广机采棉技术推进兵团农业现代化进程[J].新疆农垦科技,2001,(2):3-5.HU Zhao-zhang.(2001).Accelerating the promotion of machine cotton picking technology to promote the agricultural modernization process of the Corps [J].Xinjiang Land Reclamation Science and Technology,(2):3-5.(in Chinese)
[19]沈玲凤.兵团农场采棉机械化发展的制约因素及对策[J].新疆农机化,2004,(4):46-47.SHEN Ling-feng.(2004).Restrictive factors and countermeasures for the development of cotton Mechanization in Corps farms [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization,(4):46-47.(in Chinese)
[20]曹阳,严玉萍,冯振秀,等.棉花机械采收脱叶剂应用试验及提高脱叶效果途径分析[J].作物杂志,2012,(4):144-147.CAO Yang,YAN Yu-ping,FENG Zhen-xiu,et al.(2012).Application test of cotton mechanical harvesting defoliating agent and analysis of ways to improve defoliation effect [J].Crops,(4):144-147.(in Chinese)
[21] Bange,M.P.,Long,R.L.,Constable,G.A.,& Gordon,S.G..(2010).Minimizing immature fiber and neps in upland cotton.Agronomy Journal,102(2):781-789.
[22] 王谊,杨丽红.脱叶剂对棉花脱叶率和产量的影响[J].中国棉花,2014,41(4):28-30.WANG Yi,YANG Li-hong.(2014).Effects of defoliating agents on defoliation rate and yield of cotton [J].China Cotton,41(4):28-30.(in Chinese)
[23]高丽丽.脱叶剂喷施时间对棉花生理调节效应的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学硕士论文,2016.GAO Li-li.(2016).Study on the physiological regulation effect of defoliating agent spraying time on cotton [D].Master Dissertation.Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi.(in Chinese)