超声波测风仪风速的不同算法误差分析
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摘要
超声波测风仪与气象业务用风向标测风仪相比具有诸多优势,可为气象业务中风向风速观测急需解决的较多问题提供解决方案。为促成超声波风速仪尽早在气象部门业务应用,同时解决资料同化等问题,研究和选择适用于超声波测风仪的风速平均(平滑)算法显得极为重要。为此,从超声波测风仪测量原理出发,介绍了超声波测风仪获取数据的特点;利用台站获取的超声波测风仪风速的秒数据,采用不同时段、不同平均(平滑)方法,计算风速多种形式的平均值,通过统计、分析和比较,获得了标量和矢量不同算法下风速平均值的特性差异及其之间的误差,进一步验证了标量平均大于矢量平均的结论。通过对超声波测风仪的风速算法研究及其误差分析,对减小因算法带来的风速测量误差提供方法,同时探讨了超声波测风仪在气象业务使用的可能和方向。
Ultrasonic anemometer has many advantages compared to wind vane measurement instrument,could provide solutions of many wind observation problems urgent to be solved for the meteorological service. To facilitate the applications of ultrasonic anemometer in the meteorological department, and solve the problems of data assimilation, research and selection on the average(smoothing) algorithm of wind speed of ultrasonic anemometer is extremely important. Based on the principle of ultrasonic anemometer measurement, the ultrasonic anemometer data acquisition characteristics was introduced, second wind data by ultrasonic anemometer at station was used for the first time. The average wind speed was calculated during the different time, using different average(smoothing) method. Through the statistic analysis and comparison, the characteristics difference and errors of average wind speed under different algorithms of scalar and vector was obtained, which further validated the conclusion of the scalar average was greater than the vector. Based on the research of wind speed algorithm and error analysis of ultrasonic anemometer, we provide methods to reduce the measurement error caused by algorithms, and explore the possible direction of ultrasonic anemometer in meteorological operation.
Ultrasonic anemometer has many advantages compared to wind vane measurement instrument,could provide solutions of many wind observation problems urgent to be solved for the meteorological service. To facilitate the applications of ultrasonic anemometer in the meteorological department, and solve the problems of data assimilation, research and selection on the average(smoothing) algorithm of wind speed of ultrasonic anemometer is extremely important. Based on the principle of ultrasonic anemometer measurement, the ultrasonic anemometer data acquisition characteristics was introduced, second wind data by ultrasonic anemometer at station was used for the first time. The average wind speed was calculated during the different time, using different average(smoothing) method. Through the statistic analysis and comparison, the characteristics difference and errors of average wind speed under different algorithms of scalar and vector was obtained, which further validated the conclusion of the scalar average was greater than the vector. Based on the research of wind speed algorithm and error analysis of ultrasonic anemometer, we provide methods to reduce the measurement error caused by algorithms, and explore the possible direction of ultrasonic anemometer in meteorological operation.
引文
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[2]王晓蕾,郭俊,陈晓颖,等.两种测风仪的动态比对试验及分析[J] .解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014,15(3):283-289.
[3]姜明,景元书,郭建侠,等.三维超声风速仪观测中风向角计算方法[J].气象科技,2011,39(5):615-619.
[4]张捷光,齐文新,齐宇.三维超声波测风仪原理与应用[J].计算机与数字工程,2013,41(1):124-126.
[5]徐立强,郑贵林.超声波风速风向仪的研制[J].微计算机信息,2009,25(3):92-93.
[6]曹长宏,蒋立辉.高精度超声波测风仪的设计[J].传感器与微系统,2010,29(2):87-88,92.
[7]黄敏,卢会国,王保强,等.超声测风传感器在回路风洞中的测试[J].气象科技,2016,44(1):14-18.
[8]中国气象局.地面气象观测规范[M].北京:气象出版社,2003.
[9]中国气象局.综合气象观测[M].北京:气象出版社,2012.
[10]曾书儿.风速风向的矢量平均方法[J].气象,1983(6):21-22.