圈养丹顶鹤血变原虫的流行调查研究
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摘要
本研究于2013年1月至2015年10月采集3个鹤类饲养单位81份丹顶鹤样品、37种245份周边环境的其他鸟类样品,3个单位4种昆虫3 948只进行圈养丹顶鹤血变原虫的流行调查研究。采用瑞-姬氏涂片染色镜检以及套式PCR检测血孢子虫cytb基因、测序分析比对等方法调查各地丹顶鹤血变原虫的流行情况。丹顶鹤样品中共检出血变原虫进化支2种,检出率为19.75%,其他鸟类样品的检出率为0.41%,吸血昆虫样品的检出率为1.05%;扎龙、向海的丹顶鹤和环境吸血昆虫、北京的鹈鹕感染同一个血变原虫进化支,并且该进化支是各类动物中检出率最高的血变原虫进化支。
In the present study,81 samples of red crowned crane, 245 samples of 37 species of environment birds, and 3 948 samples of 4 species of environment blood sucking insects were collected in 3 crane breeding bases, including Beijing zoo, Xianghai National Nature Reserve, and Zhalong National Nature Reserve.To investigate the prevalence of Haemoproteus, the blood smears were stained with Wright-Giemsa and observed under an optical microscope,cytb gene was amplified by nested PCR,sequenced, and analyzed by BLAST.The results showed that 2 Haemoproteus lineages were found in red crowned crane samples with the relevance ratio of 19.75%; the relevance ratio of environment birds was 0.41%, and environment blood sucking insects was 1.05% Further, a same lineage was detected in red crowned crane, blood sucking insects were in Xianghai and Zhalong, and pelican was in Beijing.The Haemoproteus lineage has the highest relevance ratio among all kinds of animals.
In the present study,81 samples of red crowned crane, 245 samples of 37 species of environment birds, and 3 948 samples of 4 species of environment blood sucking insects were collected in 3 crane breeding bases, including Beijing zoo, Xianghai National Nature Reserve, and Zhalong National Nature Reserve.To investigate the prevalence of Haemoproteus, the blood smears were stained with Wright-Giemsa and observed under an optical microscope,cytb gene was amplified by nested PCR,sequenced, and analyzed by BLAST.The results showed that 2 Haemoproteus lineages were found in red crowned crane samples with the relevance ratio of 19.75%; the relevance ratio of environment birds was 0.41%, and environment blood sucking insects was 1.05% Further, a same lineage was detected in red crowned crane, blood sucking insects were in Xianghai and Zhalong, and pelican was in Beijing.The Haemoproteus lineage has the highest relevance ratio among all kinds of animals.
引文
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[16] Halpern N,Bennett G F.Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon infections in birds of the Oklahoma City Zoo[J].J Wildl Dis,1983,19(4):330- 332.
[17] 贾婷,张成林,杨明海,等.幼丹顶鹤感染血孢子虫的PCR鉴定[J].野生动物.2010,31(6):323- 326.
[18] 贾婷,张成林,罗毅,等.残疟原虫致肉垂鹤和蓝鹤死亡病例[J].中国兽医杂志.2014,50(1):42- 44.
[19] Bertin S,Bosco D.Molecular identification of phytoplasma vector species[J].Methods Mol Biol,2013,938:87- 108.
[20] Hellgren O,Waldenstrom J,Bensch S.A new PCR assay for simultaneous studies of Leucocytozoon,Plasmodium,and Haemoproteus from avian blood[J].J Parasitol,2004,90(4):797- 802.
[21] Outlaw D C,Ricklefs R E.Species limits in avian malaria parasites (Haemosporida):how to move forward in the molecular era [J].Parasitology,2014,141(10):1 223- 1 232.
[22] Darriba D,Taboada G L,Doallo R,et al.jModelTest 2:more models,new heuristics and parallel computing[J].Nat Methods,2012,9(8):772.
[23] Drummond A J,Rambaut A.BEAST:Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees[J].BMC Evol Biol,2007,7:214.
[2] Perkins S L.Malaria’s many mates:past,present,and future of the systematics of the order Haemosporida[J].J Parasitol,2014.100(1):11- 25.
[3] Pacheco M A,Matta N E,Valkiunas G,et al.Mode and rate of evolution of haemosporidian mitochondrial genomes:timing the radiation of avian parasites[J].Mol Biol Evol,2018.35(2):383- 403.
[4] Clark N J,Clegg S M,Lima M R.A review of global diversity in avian haemosporidians (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus:Haemosporida):new insights from molecular data[J].Int J Parasitol,2014,44(5):329- 338.
[5] Inumaru M,Murata K,SatoY.Prevalence of avian haemosporidia among injured wild birds in Tokyo and environs,Japan[J].Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl,2017,6(3):299- 309.
[6] Scott H H.Report on the deaths occurring in the Society’s Gardens during the year 1925.Proc Zool Soc London[J].1926.96(1):231- 244.
[7] Belo N O,Passos L F,Júnior L M,et al.Avian malaria in captive psittacine birds:detection by microscopy and 18S rRNA gene amplification[J].Prev Vet Med,2009,88(3):220- 224.
[8] Baron H,Howe L,Varsani A,et al.Disease screening of three breeding populations of adult exhibition budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) in New Zealand reveals a high prevalence of a novel polyomavirus and avian malaria infection[J].Avian Dis,2014,58(1):111- 117.
[9] Martinez-de L P J,Muňoz J,Capelli G,et al.Avian malaria parasites in the last supper:identifying encounters between parasites and the invasive Asian mosquito tiger and native mosquito species in Italy[J].Malar J,2015,14:32.
[10] Vanstreels R E,Kolesnikovas C K,Sandri S,et al.Outbreak of avian malaria associated to multiple species of Plasmodium in magellanic penguins undergoing rehabilitation in southern Brazil[J].PLoS One,2014,9(4):e94 994.
[11] Chagas C R,Guimar?es Lde O,Monteiro E F,et al.Hemosporidian parasites of free-living birds in the Sao Paulo Zoo,Brazil[J].Parasitol Res,2016,115(4):1 443- 1 452.
[12] King R S,Mckann P C,Gray B R,et al.Host-parasite behavioral interactions in a recently introduced,whooping crane population [J].J Fish Wildl Manag,2015,1(6):220- 226.
[13] Valkiunas G,Iezhova T A.Exo-erythrocytic development of avian malaria and related haemosporidian parasites [J].Malar J,2017,16(1):101.
[14] Fakarayi T,Mashapa C,Gandiwa E,et al.Varying land-use has an influence on wattled and grey crowned cranes’ abundance and distribution in Driefontein grasslands important bird area,Zimbabwe[J].PLoS One,2016,11(11):e0 166 209.
[15] Zhang L,An B,Shu M,et al.Nest-site selection,reproductive ecology and shifts within core-use areas of Black-necked Cranes at the northern limit of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Peer J,2017,5:e2 939.
[16] Halpern N,Bennett G F.Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon infections in birds of the Oklahoma City Zoo[J].J Wildl Dis,1983,19(4):330- 332.
[17] 贾婷,张成林,杨明海,等.幼丹顶鹤感染血孢子虫的PCR鉴定[J].野生动物.2010,31(6):323- 326.
[18] 贾婷,张成林,罗毅,等.残疟原虫致肉垂鹤和蓝鹤死亡病例[J].中国兽医杂志.2014,50(1):42- 44.
[19] Bertin S,Bosco D.Molecular identification of phytoplasma vector species[J].Methods Mol Biol,2013,938:87- 108.
[20] Hellgren O,Waldenstrom J,Bensch S.A new PCR assay for simultaneous studies of Leucocytozoon,Plasmodium,and Haemoproteus from avian blood[J].J Parasitol,2004,90(4):797- 802.
[21] Outlaw D C,Ricklefs R E.Species limits in avian malaria parasites (Haemosporida):how to move forward in the molecular era [J].Parasitology,2014,141(10):1 223- 1 232.
[22] Darriba D,Taboada G L,Doallo R,et al.jModelTest 2:more models,new heuristics and parallel computing[J].Nat Methods,2012,9(8):772.
[23] Drummond A J,Rambaut A.BEAST:Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees[J].BMC Evol Biol,2007,7:214.
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