青海西宁盆地盐渍土盐分空间动态分布特征分析
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摘要
为了分析工程建设层盐渍土地基盐分空间动态分布特征,将青海西宁盆地盐渍土分布区沿高程降低方向划分为5个亚区,进行3 m以内的土样采集和室内测试,并利用Excel等软件处理数据。结果表明:研究区盐渍土主要为中性盐渍土,p H值随垂向深度增加而降低,自西向东沿高程降低的动态变化。全盐量具有在垂直方向上集中两层分布,在水平方向上自西向东基本降低的特点,在地表0 m处基本上呈现出一个低值现象。盐分主要积累在两个深度层,其中,0.2~0.6 m和1.4~1.7 m处,全盐量分别在820~15 510 mg/kg和1 490~9 690 mg/kg。盐渍土类型在垂向随取样深度变化可以分为3层,即第一层以硫酸盐渍土为主(0~1.0 m);第二层以亚硫酸盐渍土为主(1.0~1.7 m);第三层为硫酸盐渍土(1.7~3.0 m)。研究区盐渍土中全盐量及主要组份主要受SO2-4和Ca2+控制,并且沿高程降低,逐步呈现由SO2-4和Ca2+控制变为由SO2-4和Na+控制的规律。
In order to analyze the saline soil foundation salinity dynamic spatial distribution characteristics of engineering construction stratum,the saline soil distribution area in Xining basin of Qinghai was partitioned into five sub- regions along the direction of descending elevation. Soil samples within 3 m depth of each zone were collected and measured in laboratory. The data were processed by using Excel and other software. The saline soil is mainly neutral soil in the study area. The p H decreases with the vertical depth,presenting a decreasing trend with the elevation from west to east.Total salt content is centralized in two layers in the vertical direction,but substantially reduced in the horizontal direction from west to east,exhibiting substantial low values at the surface( 0 m).Salt salinity is mainly accumulated in two layers with total salt content 820 ~ 15 510 mg / kg and1490 ~ 9 690 mg / kg respectively at 0. 2 ~ 0. 6 m and 1. 4 ~ 1. 7 m. The saline soil types in the vertical direction can be divided into three layers with the sampling depth,namely,the first layer is mainly sulfate saline soil( 0 ~ 1. 0 m); the second layer is mainly sulfurous saline soil( 1. 0 ~ 1. 7m); the third layer is the sulfate saline soil( 1. 7 ~ 3. 0 m). The total salt content and the main component of the saline soil in the study area are mainly controlled by SO2-4and Ca2 +,decreasing with elevation. The composition changes gradually from SO2-4and Ca2 +to SO2-4and Na+.
In order to analyze the saline soil foundation salinity dynamic spatial distribution characteristics of engineering construction stratum,the saline soil distribution area in Xining basin of Qinghai was partitioned into five sub- regions along the direction of descending elevation. Soil samples within 3 m depth of each zone were collected and measured in laboratory. The data were processed by using Excel and other software. The saline soil is mainly neutral soil in the study area. The p H decreases with the vertical depth,presenting a decreasing trend with the elevation from west to east.Total salt content is centralized in two layers in the vertical direction,but substantially reduced in the horizontal direction from west to east,exhibiting substantial low values at the surface( 0 m).Salt salinity is mainly accumulated in two layers with total salt content 820 ~ 15 510 mg / kg and1490 ~ 9 690 mg / kg respectively at 0. 2 ~ 0. 6 m and 1. 4 ~ 1. 7 m. The saline soil types in the vertical direction can be divided into three layers with the sampling depth,namely,the first layer is mainly sulfate saline soil( 0 ~ 1. 0 m); the second layer is mainly sulfurous saline soil( 1. 0 ~ 1. 7m); the third layer is the sulfate saline soil( 1. 7 ~ 3. 0 m). The total salt content and the main component of the saline soil in the study area are mainly controlled by SO2-4and Ca2 +,decreasing with elevation. The composition changes gradually from SO2-4and Ca2 +to SO2-4and Na+.
引文
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[2]INAKWU O A,ODEH A O.Spatial analysis of soil salinity and soil structural stability in a semiarid region of New Wales,Australia[J].Environmental Management,2008,42(2):265–278.
[3]POZDNYAKOVA L,ZHANG R D.Geostatistical analyses of soil salinity in a large field[J].Precision Agriculture,1999(1):153-165.
[4]DASH J P,SARANGI D K.Spatial variability of groundwater depth and quality parameters in the national capital territory of Delhi[J].Environmental Management,2010,45:640–650.
[5]PANAGOPOUIOS T,JESUS J,ANTUNES M D C,et al.Analysis of spatial interpolation for optimizing management of a salinized field cultivated with lettuce[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2006,24(1):1-10.
[6]JORDAN M M.NAVARRO-PEDRENO J.Spatial dynamics of soil salinity under arid and semi-arid conditions geological and environmental implications[J].Environmental Geolog,2004,45:448–456.
[7]WEINDORF D C,ZHU Y.Spatial variability of soil properties at Capulin Volcano,New Mexico,USA:Implications for sampling strategy[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2010,160:215-227.
[8]NAS B,BERKTAY A.Groundwater quality mapping in urban groundmater using GIS[J].Pedosphere,2010,20(2):185-197.
[9]张杰,陈立新,乔璐,等.大庆市不同土壤类型盐碱化特征及评价[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(7):119-122.
[10]杜金龙,靳孟贵,欧阳正平,等.焉耆盆地土壤盐分剖面特征及其与土壤颗粒组成的关系[J].中国地质大学学报(地球科学)2008,33(1):131-136.
[11]高婷婷,丁建丽,哈学萍,等.基于流域尺度的土壤盐分空间变异特征—以渭干河—库车河流域三角洲绿洲为例[J].生态学报,2010,30(10):2695-2705.
[12]王玉刚,肖笃宁,李彦.流域尺度绿洲土壤盐分的空间异质性[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5262-5270.
[13]熊亮,殷云龙,莫海波,等.江苏洋口港台田土壤盐分动态变化特征研究[J].土壤,2012,44(1):95-100.
[14]李宝富,熊黑钢,张建兵,等.不同耕种时间下土壤剖面盐分动态变化规律及其影响因素研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):429-438.
[15]张红,杨建锋,章光新,等.苏打盐渍土剖面盐分动态变化特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(4):117-122.
[16]何贵平,陈益泰,黄一青,等.杭州湾海涂造林后土壤盐分和水分动态变化[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(2):257-260.
[17]赵秀芳,杨劲松,姚荣江,等.苏北典型滩涂区土壤盐分动态与水平衡要素之间的关系[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(3):52-57.
[18]李彬,王志春.松嫩平原苏打盐渍土碱化特征与影响因素[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(6):183-191.
[19]李彬,王志春,迟春明.吉林省大安市苏打碱土碱化参数与特征[J].西北农业学报,2006,15(1):16-19.
[20]古丽格娜·哈力木拉提,阿布都沙拉木·加拉力丁,海米提·依米提,等.新疆于田绿洲盐渍化土壤盐分动态变化特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(3):100-104.
[21]KUTZBCH JE,GALLIMORER G.Pangaean Climates'Megamonsoons of the Megacontinent[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1989,94(D3):3341-3357.
[22]PETER M,WILLIAM R B,BATTISTI D S.Orographic controls on climate and Paleoclimate of Asia:Thermal and Mechanical Roles for the Tibetan Plateau[J].Earth Planet Sci.,2010,38:77-102.
[23]鹿化煜,郭正堂.晚新生代东亚气候变化:进展与问题[J].中国科学(地球科学),2013,43(12):1907-1918.
[24]中华人民共和国建设部和国家质量监督检验检疫总局.岩土工程勘察规范GB50O21—2001[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[25]中华人民共和国建设部和国家质量监督局.土工试验方法标准:GB/T5123-1999[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.
[26]朱晓涛,米晓辉,王玉萍.两种测定土壤全盐量方法的比较[J].甘肃农业科技,2010(4):14-16.
[27]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:178-199.
[28]李学垣.土壤化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001:213-278.
[29]阿依努尔·提力瓦力迪.博尔塔拉河流域土壤盐分空间变异性及其影响因素研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2013.
[30]周在明.环渤海低平原土壤盐分空间变异性及影响机制研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2012.