基于生态服务评价的旭日村村落保护规划应用研究
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摘要
生态服务评价的研究在村落景观生态规划领域中运用越来越广泛,通过生态服务评价可以定量的评估村落生态服务作用的发挥情况。本文立足于景观生态学学科理论,运用群组决策—层次分析法(GDM-AHP)建构广东省惠州市博罗县旭日村生态服务理论体系和评估方法,从旭日村的农业、水域、森林和城市生态服务4个方面评价旭日村综合生态服务作用的发挥情况。评价得出其"森林—农业—水域"综合生态服务中生态价值较高、休憩体验服务较差,城市生态服务中历史价值较高、文化服务发挥较差。据此提出保护规划策略,对于自然生态服务提出激发其生态作用,改善游憩设施及景观品质的策略;对于城市生态服务提出村落居住环境整治、保护和修复古建筑、激活古建筑的利用率的策略。整合和规划旭日村自然资源,打造古村为"岭南建筑文化窗口",以期促进村落旅游业发展,寻求古村落保护与经济发展相结合的优化模式。
The research on ecological services evaluation is more and more widely used in the field of village landscape ecological planning. The performance of village ecological services can be quantitatively evaluated through ecological service evaluation. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, this paper uses Group Decision Making-Analytical Hierarchy Process(GDM-AHP) to construct the theoretical system and assessment method of Xuri Village's ecological services, and evaluates their performance from the four aspects of agriculture, water area, forest and urban ecological service. The evaluation shows that the comprehensive ecological services of "forestagriculture-water area" have high ecological value, poor recreational experience services, high historical value and poor cultural services in urban ecological services. Based on this, protection planning strategies are put forward to stimulate the ecological function of natural ecological services and improve recreation facilities and landscape quality. For the urban ecological services, the village living environment is rectified, the ancient buildings are protected and restored, and the utilization rate of ancient buildings is activated. By integrating and planning the natural resources of the Xuri Village, the ancient village will be built as a feature of the "Lingnan Architectural Culture Window", with a view to promoting the development of the village tourism and seeking an optimized model combining the protection of ancient villages with economic development.
The research on ecological services evaluation is more and more widely used in the field of village landscape ecological planning. The performance of village ecological services can be quantitatively evaluated through ecological service evaluation. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, this paper uses Group Decision Making-Analytical Hierarchy Process(GDM-AHP) to construct the theoretical system and assessment method of Xuri Village's ecological services, and evaluates their performance from the four aspects of agriculture, water area, forest and urban ecological service. The evaluation shows that the comprehensive ecological services of "forestagriculture-water area" have high ecological value, poor recreational experience services, high historical value and poor cultural services in urban ecological services. Based on this, protection planning strategies are put forward to stimulate the ecological function of natural ecological services and improve recreation facilities and landscape quality. For the urban ecological services, the village living environment is rectified, the ancient buildings are protected and restored, and the utilization rate of ancient buildings is activated. By integrating and planning the natural resources of the Xuri Village, the ancient village will be built as a feature of the "Lingnan Architectural Culture Window", with a view to promoting the development of the village tourism and seeking an optimized model combining the protection of ancient villages with economic development.
引文
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(1)层次分析法中,判断矩阵计算指标的标准:1表示两个因素相比,具有相同重要性;3表示两个因素相比,前者比后者稍重要;5表示两个因素相比,前者比后者明显重要;7表示两个因素相比,前者比后者强烈重要;9表示两个因素相比,前者比后者极端重要;2,4,6,8表示上述相邻判断的中间值;因素i和j比较的重要性指标为aij,则因素j和i比较的重要性指标aji=1/aij。
[2] Costanza R, D'Arge R, De Groot R S,et al. The Values of the World's Ecosystem Services and Natural Capita[J].Nature,1997(387):253-260.
[3] World Resources Institute. Ecosystems and Human WelBeing:A Framework for Assessment. 2nd ed[M]. Washington DC:Island Press, 2003.
[4]陈峰,李红波,张安录.基于生态系统服务的中国陆地生态风险评价[J].地理学报,2019,74(3):432-445.
[5]张启铭.珠三角城镇化下的博罗旭日古村居住环境提升研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015.
[6]许树柏.层次分析法原理[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1988.
[7]王国华,熊立,董雨,等. AHP中专家判断信息的提取及一致性调整的方法[J].运筹与管理,2004,13(6):41-44.
[8]郭翔宇.基于生态服务评价的秦岭北麓甘河流域保护性利用研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2018.
[9]骆正清,杨善林.层次分析法中几种标度的比较[J].系统工程理论与实践,2004(9):51-60.
[10]梅昌艮.基于GDM-AHP的模糊综合评价法在生态敏感性评价中的应用研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009.
[11]李超.滨海城市可持续性旅游规划理论研究[D].天津:天津大学,2010.
[12]俞孔坚,王思思,李迪华,等.北京城市扩张的生态底线——基本生态系统服务及其安全格局[J].城市规划,2010,34(2):19-24.
[13]高燕.生态服务功能导向的滨海地质公园开发与保护研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2013.
[14]康世磊,岳邦瑞.基于格局与过程耦合机制的景观空间格局优化方法研究[J].中国园林,2017,33(3):50-55.
[15]康世磊.秦岭太平河平原区段河流健康评价及格局化研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2015.
[16]刘慧.村落发展的生态路径研究——以浙江外桐坞村、高家堂村、山一村为例[J].小城镇建设,2015,33(10):87-91.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-8439.2015.10.020.
(1)层次分析法中,判断矩阵计算指标的标准:1表示两个因素相比,具有相同重要性;3表示两个因素相比,前者比后者稍重要;5表示两个因素相比,前者比后者明显重要;7表示两个因素相比,前者比后者强烈重要;9表示两个因素相比,前者比后者极端重要;2,4,6,8表示上述相邻判断的中间值;因素i和j比较的重要性指标为aij,则因素j和i比较的重要性指标aji=1/aij。
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