不同覆膜方式对春玉米土壤温度和水分效应影响
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摘要
为探求不同覆膜方式对春玉米田土壤温度、水分及玉米产量等的影响,以期为玉米节水高产栽培提供理论依据和技术支持。该研究对2种不同覆膜方式下玉米干物质积累量、关键生育时期0~30 cm耕层土壤温度、0~100 cm土层水分、产量等指标进行监测。2015年、2016年的试验结果表明,宽覆膜、行上覆膜分别比对照增产29.3%和15.5%;不同覆膜方式的保水效果表现为KM>SM>CK,0~100 cm土层KM-N和SM-N处理土壤含水量分别较CK处理平均提高52.2%和41.0%;全生育期0~30 cm土层温度KM-N较KM-W处理平均高3.5℃,SM-N较SM-W处理平均高3.3℃。研究认为,宽覆膜能更好地调控土壤的水温效应,显著提高耕层土壤温度,有效地减少水分的耗散,保蓄更多水分供后期使用,可提高玉米穗粒数和百粒重,显著提高产量。
To study the effects of different plastic mulching modes on the changes of soil moisture, temperature and yield,and provide theoretical basis and technical support for water saving and high yield of maize,0~30 cm soil temperature change and 0 ~100 cm soil moisture change during vital growth stage and yield under two different plastic mulching modes were carried out in 2015 and 2016.The results showed that the yield of maize by KM、SM respectively increased by 29.3% and15.5% compared with non-film cover maize;the water saving effect of different plastic mulching modes was KM>SM>CK; the soil water content of KM-N and SM-N increase by 52.2% and 41.0% than CK in 0~100 cm layers;the average temperature of 0~30 cm soil layer KM-N was 3.5 ℃ higher than that of KM-W treatment and SM-N was 3.3 ℃ higher than that of SM-W.Research suggested that KM can regulate the soil temperature and the moisture, significantly improving the soil temperature and holding more water at early stage to apply to the late growth stage,so increased the grain number per spike, 100-grain weight and maize yield.
To study the effects of different plastic mulching modes on the changes of soil moisture, temperature and yield,and provide theoretical basis and technical support for water saving and high yield of maize,0~30 cm soil temperature change and 0 ~100 cm soil moisture change during vital growth stage and yield under two different plastic mulching modes were carried out in 2015 and 2016.The results showed that the yield of maize by KM、SM respectively increased by 29.3% and15.5% compared with non-film cover maize;the water saving effect of different plastic mulching modes was KM>SM>CK; the soil water content of KM-N and SM-N increase by 52.2% and 41.0% than CK in 0~100 cm layers;the average temperature of 0~30 cm soil layer KM-N was 3.5 ℃ higher than that of KM-W treatment and SM-N was 3.3 ℃ higher than that of SM-W.Research suggested that KM can regulate the soil temperature and the moisture, significantly improving the soil temperature and holding more water at early stage to apply to the late growth stage,so increased the grain number per spike, 100-grain weight and maize yield.
引文
[1]张德奇,廖允成,贾志宽.旱区地膜覆盖技术的研究进展及发展前景[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(1):208-213.
[2]张蔚,蒋志荣,陈锋.地面覆盖法调节土壤水热状况的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(19):8184-8186.
[3]夏自强,蒋洪庚,李琼芳.地膜覆盖对土壤温度、水分的影响及节水效益[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),1997,25(2):39-45.
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[8]TIWARI K,SINGH A,MAL P.Effect of drip irrigation on yield of cabbage(Brassicaoleracea L.var.capitata)under mulch andnon-mulch conditions[J].Agricultural Water Management,2003,58(1):19-28.
[9]ZHOU L M,LI F M,JIN S L,et al.How two ridges and the furrow mulched with plastic film affect s oil water,soil temperature and yield of maize on the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China[J].Field Crops Res earch,2009,113(1):41-47.
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[11]孙学保,杨祁峰,牛俊义,等.旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米增产效应研究[J].作物杂志,2009,(3):32-36.
[12]武军艳,孙万仓,杨杰,等.不同覆盖处理对甘肃中部地区甘蓝型冬油菜越冬率及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(3)96-99.
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[14]张永清,张晓虹,马军成,等.巴彦淖尔市玉米宽覆膜栽培技术研究[J].中国农技推广,2012,28(6):20-22.
[15]王春梅,王智功,张顺,等.玉米宽覆膜高密度栽培技术种植优势分析[J].内蒙古农业科技,2012(3):39-40.
[16]李尚中,樊廷录,王勇,等.旱地玉米抗旱覆膜方式研究[J].核农学报,2009,23(1):165-169.
[17]王秀领,闫旭东,徐玉鹏,等.不同覆膜方式对旱地春玉米生长和产量的影响[J].天津农业科学,2016,22(9):126-128.
[18]王婵,赵向田,李永生,等.灌水量及覆膜对河西地区制种玉米产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(8):25-30.
[19]岳维云,宋建荣,赵尚文,等.不同覆膜方式对地温及冬小麦地上干物质累积规律的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014(7):133-139.
[20]GAN Y T,STOBBE E H.Seedling vigor and grain yield of Roblin wheat dffected by seed size[J].Agronomy Journal,1996,88:456-460.
[21]田媛,李凤民,刘效兰.半干旱区不同垄沟集雨种植马铃薯模式对土壤蒸发的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007(4):795-800.
[22]李儒,崔荣美,贾志宽,等.不同沟垄覆盖方式对冬小麦土壤水分及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(16):3312-3322.
[23]高慧洲,谢英荷,李廷亮,等.覆膜对旱地冬小麦产量与土壤水分动态的影响[J].山西农业科学,2016,43(12):1793-1795.
[24]王国玉,池宝亮,梁改梅,等.覆盖方式对土壤水分和硝态氮分布积累特征的影响[J].山西农业科学,2015,42(5):571-575.
[2]张蔚,蒋志荣,陈锋.地面覆盖法调节土壤水热状况的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(19):8184-8186.
[3]夏自强,蒋洪庚,李琼芳.地膜覆盖对土壤温度、水分的影响及节水效益[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),1997,25(2):39-45.
[4]杨文彬,白栋才,董心澄,等.土壤耕层积温对玉米根系及植株生长的影响[J].华北农学报,1987,2(3):44-51.
[5]RAMAKRISHNA A,TAMH M,WANI S P,et al.Effect of mulch on soil temperature,moisture,weed in festation and yield of ground nutinnorthern Vietnam[J].Field Crops Research,2006,95(2/3):115-125.
[6]GHOSH P K,DAYAL D,BANDYOPADHYAY K K,et al.Evaluation of straw and polythene mulch for enhancing productivity of irrigated summer groundnut[J].Field Crops Research,2006,99(2/3):76-86.
[7]ROMIC D,ROMIC M,BOROSIC J,et al.Mulching decreases nitrateleaching in bell pepper(Capsicumannuum L.)cultivation[J].Agricultural Water Management,2003,60(2):87-97.
[8]TIWARI K,SINGH A,MAL P.Effect of drip irrigation on yield of cabbage(Brassicaoleracea L.var.capitata)under mulch andnon-mulch conditions[J].Agricultural Water Management,2003,58(1):19-28.
[9]ZHOU L M,LI F M,JIN S L,et al.How two ridges and the furrow mulched with plastic film affect s oil water,soil temperature and yield of maize on the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China[J].Field Crops Res earch,2009,113(1):41-47.
[10]刘千枝,胡自治.高寒地区饲用芜菁塑膜覆盖栽培研究[J].草业科学,2000,17(1):9-12.
[11]孙学保,杨祁峰,牛俊义,等.旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米增产效应研究[J].作物杂志,2009,(3):32-36.
[12]武军艳,孙万仓,杨杰,等.不同覆盖处理对甘肃中部地区甘蓝型冬油菜越冬率及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(3)96-99.
[13]王志刚.超高产春玉米根冠结构、功能特性与农艺节水补偿机制研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[14]张永清,张晓虹,马军成,等.巴彦淖尔市玉米宽覆膜栽培技术研究[J].中国农技推广,2012,28(6):20-22.
[15]王春梅,王智功,张顺,等.玉米宽覆膜高密度栽培技术种植优势分析[J].内蒙古农业科技,2012(3):39-40.
[16]李尚中,樊廷录,王勇,等.旱地玉米抗旱覆膜方式研究[J].核农学报,2009,23(1):165-169.
[17]王秀领,闫旭东,徐玉鹏,等.不同覆膜方式对旱地春玉米生长和产量的影响[J].天津农业科学,2016,22(9):126-128.
[18]王婵,赵向田,李永生,等.灌水量及覆膜对河西地区制种玉米产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(8):25-30.
[19]岳维云,宋建荣,赵尚文,等.不同覆膜方式对地温及冬小麦地上干物质累积规律的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014(7):133-139.
[20]GAN Y T,STOBBE E H.Seedling vigor and grain yield of Roblin wheat dffected by seed size[J].Agronomy Journal,1996,88:456-460.
[21]田媛,李凤民,刘效兰.半干旱区不同垄沟集雨种植马铃薯模式对土壤蒸发的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007(4):795-800.
[22]李儒,崔荣美,贾志宽,等.不同沟垄覆盖方式对冬小麦土壤水分及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(16):3312-3322.
[23]高慧洲,谢英荷,李廷亮,等.覆膜对旱地冬小麦产量与土壤水分动态的影响[J].山西农业科学,2016,43(12):1793-1795.
[24]王国玉,池宝亮,梁改梅,等.覆盖方式对土壤水分和硝态氮分布积累特征的影响[J].山西农业科学,2015,42(5):571-575.