CNCPS及体外产气法评价青海地区6种常用粗饲料的营养价值
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摘要
本研究以豌豆秸秆、蚕豆秸秆、苜蓿干草、小麦秸秆、燕麦青干草、青贮玉米秸秆为研究对象,先采用概略养分法和康奈尔净碳水化合物—蛋白质体系(CNCPS)进行6种粗饲料养分含量的化学分析,再利用体外产气法进一步评价6种粗饲料在牦牛瘤胃内的发酵产气参数,为以上粗饲料在牦牛养殖中的应用提供重要基础数据。结果表明:苜蓿干草CP、CNSC含量最高,NDF含量最低,具有良好的营养价值,是优质粗饲料;小麦秸秆CP、CNSC含量最低,NDF含量最高,营养价值较差;青贮玉米秸秆和燕麦青干草CC和PC含量较低,营养价值优于豌豆秸秆、小麦秸秆、蚕豆秸秆;6种粗饲料48h积累产气量和有机物消化率由大到小依次为青贮玉米秸秆>燕麦青干草>苜蓿干草>豌豆秸秆>小麦秸秆>蚕豆秸秆,代谢能由大到小依次为青贮玉米秸秆>苜蓿干草>燕麦青干草>豌豆秸秆>小麦秸秆>蚕豆秸秆,苜蓿干草和燕麦青干草ME没有显著差异; CNCPS测定指标较多,可在一定程度上反映动物对饲料利用情况,对饲料营养价值的评价更精确;青贮玉米秸秆有益于反刍动物瘤胃微生物的发酵和利用。
This study selected pea straw,broad bean straw,alfalfa hay,wheat straw,oat hay and silage corn straw as objective,firstly the nutrients content of six kinds forage were analyzed using general nutrients method and Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system( CNCPS) method,and then using in Vitro Gas Production method further evaluated rumen fermentation parameters of six kinds forage in yak for providing important basic data for the application of theses roughage in yak feeding. The results showed that the content of CP and CNSC in alfalfa hay was the highest and the content of NDF was the lowest. It had good nutritional value and was high quality roughage. CP and CNSC contents of wheat straw were the lowest,NDF content was the highest and nutritional value was poor. The contents of CC and PC in silage maize straw and oat hay were lower,and their nutritional value was better than that of pea straw,wheat straw and broad bean straw. The accumulative gas production and organic matter digestibility of six kinds of roughage in 48 hours were silage corn straw > oat green hay > alfalfa hay > pea straw > wheat straw > broad bean straw. The order of metabolic energy was silage maize straw > alfalfa hay > oat green hay > pea straw > wheat straw > broad bean straw. There was no significant difference in ME between alfalfa hay and oat green hay. CNCPS has many indexes,which can reflect animal's utilization of feed to a certain extent and evaluate the nutritional value of feed more accurately. Silage corn straw is beneficial to ruminant rumen microbial fermentation and utilization.
This study selected pea straw,broad bean straw,alfalfa hay,wheat straw,oat hay and silage corn straw as objective,firstly the nutrients content of six kinds forage were analyzed using general nutrients method and Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system( CNCPS) method,and then using in Vitro Gas Production method further evaluated rumen fermentation parameters of six kinds forage in yak for providing important basic data for the application of theses roughage in yak feeding. The results showed that the content of CP and CNSC in alfalfa hay was the highest and the content of NDF was the lowest. It had good nutritional value and was high quality roughage. CP and CNSC contents of wheat straw were the lowest,NDF content was the highest and nutritional value was poor. The contents of CC and PC in silage maize straw and oat hay were lower,and their nutritional value was better than that of pea straw,wheat straw and broad bean straw. The accumulative gas production and organic matter digestibility of six kinds of roughage in 48 hours were silage corn straw > oat green hay > alfalfa hay > pea straw > wheat straw > broad bean straw. The order of metabolic energy was silage maize straw > alfalfa hay > oat green hay > pea straw > wheat straw > broad bean straw. There was no significant difference in ME between alfalfa hay and oat green hay. CNCPS has many indexes,which can reflect animal's utilization of feed to a certain extent and evaluate the nutritional value of feed more accurately. Silage corn straw is beneficial to ruminant rumen microbial fermentation and utilization.
引文
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[11]桑丹,孙海洲,付晓峰,等.燕麦青干草营养成分分析及活体外瘤胃发酵参数测定[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,05:45-46.
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[13]曲永利,吴健豪,李铁.应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系评定东北农区奶牛饲料营养价值[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(1):201-206.
[14]Qrskov E R,McDonald I. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurement weighted according to rate of passage. The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92(2):499-503.
[15]Zhou J H,Zou C X,Liang X W,et al. Evaluation of nutritive value of common roughages for guangxi water buffalo by cornell net carbohydrate and protein system[J]. Chinese Journal of Nutrition,2011,23(12):2190-2197.
[16]崔占鸿.用体外产气法评价双低菜籽饼与藏嵩草的组合效应[J].家畜生态学报,2012,33(2):68-72.
[17]何香玉,马艳艳,成艳芬,等.体外发酵法评定不同茬次和生长年限苜蓿的营养价值[J].动物营养学报. 2015,27(3):978-988.
[18] Ruman M,Huhtanen P. Development of an invitro method for determination of methane production kinetics using a fully automated in vitro gas system-A modelling approach[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2012,174(3-4):190-200.
[19]雷冬至,金曙光,乌仁塔娜.用体外产气法评价不同粗饲料与相同精料间的组合效应[J].饲料工业,2009,03:30-33.
[20]Prasad C S,Wood C D,Sampath K T. Use of in-vitro gas production to evaluate rumen fermentation of untreated and urea-treated finger millet straw(Eleusine coracana)supplemented with different levels of concentrate[J]. Journal Science of Food and Agriculture,1994,65:457-464.
[21]Krishnamoorthy U.,Steingass H m Menke K. H. Preliminary obserbations on the relationships between gas production and microbial protein synthesis in vitro. Arch. Anim. Nutr. Berlin.,1991,41(5):521-526.
[2]申芳丽.粗饲料在反刍动物上的功用[J].四川畜牧兽医,2018,45(05):46-47.
[3]Van Soest P J. Sniffen C J,Merten D R,et al. A net protein system for system for cattle:the rumen submodel for nitrogen. OWENS F N. Protein Requirements for Cattle:Proceedings of an International Symposium[C]. Stillwater:Oklahoma State University,1981:265.
[4]Krishnamoorthy U C,Sniffen C J,Stern M D,et al. Evaluation of mathematical of digestion and in vitro simulations of rumen proteolysis to estimate the rumen under graded nitrogen content of feedstuffs. British Journal of Nutrition,1983,50(3):555-565.
[5] American Association for Clinical Chemistry. Approved Methods of the AACC[M]. Saint Paul:American Association of Cereal Chemistry,1976.
[6] Menke K H,Steingass H. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid[J]. Animal Research Development,1988,28(1):7-55.
[7]袁翠林,于子洋,王文丹,等.山东省羊常用粗饲料营养价值评定[J].草业学报,2015,06:220-226.
[8]杨雪海,郭万正,杨瑜,等.湖北省几种粗饲料的营养价值评定研究[J].湖北农业科学,2015,24:6309-6311.
[9]王慧娟.羊常用粗饲料营养价值评定[D].西北农林科技大学,2017.
[10]洪金锁,刘书杰,柴沙驼,等.体外产气法与尼龙袋法评定青海当地燕麦青干草营养价值[J].中国畜牧兽医,2009,03:36-38.
[11]桑丹,孙海洲,付晓峰,等.燕麦青干草营养成分分析及活体外瘤胃发酵参数测定[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,05:45-46.
[12]周俊华.应用CNCPS评定水牛常用粗饲料的营养价值[D].广西大学,2012.
[13]曲永利,吴健豪,李铁.应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系评定东北农区奶牛饲料营养价值[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(1):201-206.
[14]Qrskov E R,McDonald I. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurement weighted according to rate of passage. The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,92(2):499-503.
[15]Zhou J H,Zou C X,Liang X W,et al. Evaluation of nutritive value of common roughages for guangxi water buffalo by cornell net carbohydrate and protein system[J]. Chinese Journal of Nutrition,2011,23(12):2190-2197.
[16]崔占鸿.用体外产气法评价双低菜籽饼与藏嵩草的组合效应[J].家畜生态学报,2012,33(2):68-72.
[17]何香玉,马艳艳,成艳芬,等.体外发酵法评定不同茬次和生长年限苜蓿的营养价值[J].动物营养学报. 2015,27(3):978-988.
[18] Ruman M,Huhtanen P. Development of an invitro method for determination of methane production kinetics using a fully automated in vitro gas system-A modelling approach[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2012,174(3-4):190-200.
[19]雷冬至,金曙光,乌仁塔娜.用体外产气法评价不同粗饲料与相同精料间的组合效应[J].饲料工业,2009,03:30-33.
[20]Prasad C S,Wood C D,Sampath K T. Use of in-vitro gas production to evaluate rumen fermentation of untreated and urea-treated finger millet straw(Eleusine coracana)supplemented with different levels of concentrate[J]. Journal Science of Food and Agriculture,1994,65:457-464.
[21]Krishnamoorthy U.,Steingass H m Menke K. H. Preliminary obserbations on the relationships between gas production and microbial protein synthesis in vitro. Arch. Anim. Nutr. Berlin.,1991,41(5):521-526.