丁酸梭菌对断奶期犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)对断奶期犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。选取12头体重相近、健康状况良好的50日龄荷斯坦公犊牛,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,丁酸梭菌组在基础饲粮基础上添加2.0×108CFU/kg丁酸梭菌。试验期共20 d(断奶前10 d和断奶后10 d),分别在试验第10天和第20天采集血样。结果表明:1)从整个试验期来看,丁酸梭菌组犊牛的平均日增重(ADG)显著高于对照组(P<0.05);丁酸梭菌组的饲料效率(FE)较对照组有增高的趋势(P=0.09),且犊牛腹泻率比对照组降低了3.62百分点。2)试验第20天时,丁酸梭菌组犊牛血清胆固醇(CHOL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量均较对照组显著降低(P<0.05),且血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量较对照组有降低趋势(P=0.07)。3)试验第10天时,丁酸梭菌组犊牛血清还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量较对照组有升高的趋势(P=0.06);试验第20天时,丁酸梭菌组犊牛血清丙二醛(MDA)含量较对照组极显著降低(P<0.01)。4)试验第20天时,丁酸梭菌组犊牛血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M (IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量较对照组极显著增加(P<0.01)。由此可见,饲粮中添加2.0×108CFU/kg丁酸梭菌能够提高犊牛断奶期的生长性能,降低腹泻率,降低血清MDA的含量,增强犊牛的免疫功能,有效缓解犊牛的断奶应激。因此,丁酸梭菌可以作为一种新型的益生菌制剂应用于犊牛培育中。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes,antioxidant capacity and immune function of weaning calves.Twelve Holstein bull calves aged about 50 days with similar body weight and health condition were randomly assigned to 2 groups with 6 replicates per group and 1 calf per replicate.The calves in control group(CON group) were fed a basal diet,and those in Clostridium butyricum group(CB group) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2.0×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyricum.The trial lasted for 20 days including 10 days before weaning and10 days after weaning,and the blood samples were sampled at the 10 th and 20 th day of trial.The results showed as follows:1) during the whole trial,the average daily gain(ADG) of calves in CB group was significantly higher than that in CON group(P<0.05);the feed efficiency(FE) of CB group had an increase trend compared with CON group(P=0.09) and the diarrhea rate of calves in CB group was 3.62 percentage point lower than that in CON group.2) The contents of serum cholesterol(CHOL) and high-density lipoprotein(HDL) in CB group decreased significantly(P < 0.05) and the content of serum low density lipoprotein(LDL) tended to be lower than that in CON group(P=0.07) at the 20 th day of trial.3) At the 10 th day of trial,the content of serum glutathione(GSH) in CB group tended to be higher than that of CON group(P=0.06);at the 20 th day of trial,the content of serum malondialdehyde(MDA) in CB group was extremely significantly decreased compared with CON group(P<0.01).4) At the 20 th day of trial,the contents of immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin M(IgM) and immunoglobulin G(IgG) in serum of calves in CB group were extremely significantly increased compared with CON group(P<0.01).It is concluded that adding2.0×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyricum into the diet for weaning calves can improve the growth performance,reduce the diarrhea rate,decrease the serum MDA content,improve the immune function and effectively relieve weaning stress of calves.Therefore,Clostridium butyrate can be used as a new probiotic preparation in calf production.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes,antioxidant capacity and immune function of weaning calves.Twelve Holstein bull calves aged about 50 days with similar body weight and health condition were randomly assigned to 2 groups with 6 replicates per group and 1 calf per replicate.The calves in control group(CON group) were fed a basal diet,and those in Clostridium butyricum group(CB group) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2.0×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyricum.The trial lasted for 20 days including 10 days before weaning and10 days after weaning,and the blood samples were sampled at the 10 th and 20 th day of trial.The results showed as follows:1) during the whole trial,the average daily gain(ADG) of calves in CB group was significantly higher than that in CON group(P<0.05);the feed efficiency(FE) of CB group had an increase trend compared with CON group(P=0.09) and the diarrhea rate of calves in CB group was 3.62 percentage point lower than that in CON group.2) The contents of serum cholesterol(CHOL) and high-density lipoprotein(HDL) in CB group decreased significantly(P < 0.05) and the content of serum low density lipoprotein(LDL) tended to be lower than that in CON group(P=0.07) at the 20 th day of trial.3) At the 10 th day of trial,the content of serum glutathione(GSH) in CB group tended to be higher than that of CON group(P=0.06);at the 20 th day of trial,the content of serum malondialdehyde(MDA) in CB group was extremely significantly decreased compared with CON group(P<0.01).4) At the 20 th day of trial,the contents of immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin M(IgM) and immunoglobulin G(IgG) in serum of calves in CB group were extremely significantly increased compared with CON group(P<0.01).It is concluded that adding2.0×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyricum into the diet for weaning calves can improve the growth performance,reduce the diarrhea rate,decrease the serum MDA content,improve the immune function and effectively relieve weaning stress of calves.Therefore,Clostridium butyrate can be used as a new probiotic preparation in calf production.
引文
[1]李霞,曹义康,吴福喜,等.断奶应激对犊牛的影响[J].河南畜牧兽医(综合版),2014,29(1):20.
[2]范超,吴勇,刘孝然,等.断奶应激对奶水牛犊牛血液生理生化指标和免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(7):1749-1754.
[3]TERRM,CALVO MA,ADELANTADO C,et al.Effects of mannan oligosaccharides on performance and microorganism fecal counts of calves following an enhanced-grow th feeding program[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2007,137(1/2):115-125.
[4]殷溪莎.乳酸菌素对犊牛生长发育、消化代谢和血液指研究[D].硕士学位论文.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2014:4-5.
[5]赵会利,曹玉凤,高艳霞,等.纳豆芽孢杆菌对断奶犊牛生长性能和血液生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(17):66-69.
[6]周盟.植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌及其复合菌在断奶仔猪和犊牛日粮中的应用研究[D].硕士学位论文.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2013:15-34.
[7]孙冬岩,潘宝海,孙笑非,等.丁酸梭菌对畜禽生产性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2017(7):21-22,37.
[8]邱权,詹志春,周樱,等.饲料添加剂丁酸梭菌的应用与研究进展[J].饲料研究,2016(11):17-18,55.
[9]贾聪慧,杨彩梅,曾新福,等.丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):908-915.
[10]李玉鹏,李海花,王柳懿,等.丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道屏障功能和血清细胞因子含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(8):2961-2968.
[11]OVERVEST MA,BERGERON R,HALEY D B,et al.Effect of feed type and method of presentation on feeding behavior,intake,and grow th of dairy calves fed a high level of milk[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(1):317-327.
[12]冯仰廉,陆治年.奶牛营养需要和饲料成分[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[13]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6435-2014饲料中水分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[14]国家技术监督局.GB/T 6432—1994饲料中粗蛋白测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1994.
[15]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6433—2006饲料中粗脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6438—2007饲料中粗灰分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T6436—2002饲料中钙的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[18]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T6437—2002饲料中总磷的测定分光光度法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[19]VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal Nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[20]HILL T M,PAS J MA,SCHLOTTERBECK R L,et al.Amino acids,fatty acids,and fat sources for calf milk replacers[J].Professional Animal Scientist,2007,23(4):401-408.
[21]LIAO X D,MA G,CAI J,et al.Effects of Clostridium butyricum on grow th performance,antioxidation,and immune function of broilers[J].Poultry Science,2015,94(4):662-667.
[22]肖雪梅,黄晶.丁酸钠、丁酸梭菌在断奶仔猪生产中的应用[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2013(9):70-72.
[23]王保正,杨清付,董晓东,等.酪酸菌对猪生长特性的影响[J].饲料工业,2007,28(16):39-40.
[24]UYENO Y,KAWASHIMA K,HASUNUMA T,et al.Effects of cellooligosaccharide or a combination of cellooligosaccharide and live Clostridium butyricum culture on performance and intestinal ecology in Holstein calves fed milk or milk replacer[J].Livestock Science,2013,153(1/2/3):88-93.
[25]梁静,聂存喜,张文举,等.丁酸梭菌的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(5):1639-1646.
[26]HOSSAIN MM,BEGUMM,KIMI H.Effect of Bacillus subtilis,Clostridium butyricum and Lactobacillus acidophilus endospores on grow th performance,nutrient digestibility,meat quality,relative organ weight,microbial shedding and excreta noxious gas emission in broilers[J].VeterínarníMedicína,2015,60(2):77-86.
[27]贾丽楠,崔嘉,陈宝江.丁酸梭菌生理功能及其在畜牧业中的应用[J].饲料研究,2017(13):4-7.
[28]张善亭,史燕,张淑丽,等.丁酸梭菌的研究应用进展[J].生物技术通报,2013(9):27-33.
[29]高艳霞,仁瑞清,李建国,等.断奶应激对犊牛血液生化、免疫和内分泌的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2014,34(8):1294-1299,1303.
[30]TAILOR D,HAHME R,KALE R K,et al.Sodium butyrate induces DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fusion and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells[J].Mitochondrion,2014,16:55-64.
[31]廖秀冬.丁酸梭菌的筛选及其对动物抗氧化能力和肉鸡肉品质影响的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[32]HAMER H M,JONKERS D MA E,BAST A,et al.Butyrate modulates oxidative stress in the colonic mucosa of healthy humans[J].Clinical Nutrition,2009,28(1):88-93.
[33]OHSAWA I,ISHIKAWA M,TAKAHASHI K,et al.Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals[J].Nature Medicine,2007,13(6):688-694.
[34]KAWASAKI S,NAKAGAWA T,NISHIYAMA Y,et al.Effect of oxygen on the grow th of Clostridium butyricum(type species of the genus Clostridium),and the distribution of enzymes for oxygen and for active oxygen species in Clostridia[J].Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering,1998,86(4):368-372.
[35]杨汉春.动物免疫学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1996:32-33.
[36]郑有秀,王超,邹晓庭,等.丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道结构和免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(7):2683-2689.
[37]张彩云,刘来亭,杜灵广,等.酪酸芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(13):43-45.
[38]唐昊,韩奇鹏,张佩华.丁酸梭菌的研究与应用[J].饲料博览,2018(3):8-12,15.
[2]范超,吴勇,刘孝然,等.断奶应激对奶水牛犊牛血液生理生化指标和免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(7):1749-1754.
[3]TERRM,CALVO MA,ADELANTADO C,et al.Effects of mannan oligosaccharides on performance and microorganism fecal counts of calves following an enhanced-grow th feeding program[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2007,137(1/2):115-125.
[4]殷溪莎.乳酸菌素对犊牛生长发育、消化代谢和血液指研究[D].硕士学位论文.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2014:4-5.
[5]赵会利,曹玉凤,高艳霞,等.纳豆芽孢杆菌对断奶犊牛生长性能和血液生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(17):66-69.
[6]周盟.植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌及其复合菌在断奶仔猪和犊牛日粮中的应用研究[D].硕士学位论文.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2013:15-34.
[7]孙冬岩,潘宝海,孙笑非,等.丁酸梭菌对畜禽生产性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2017(7):21-22,37.
[8]邱权,詹志春,周樱,等.饲料添加剂丁酸梭菌的应用与研究进展[J].饲料研究,2016(11):17-18,55.
[9]贾聪慧,杨彩梅,曾新福,等.丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):908-915.
[10]李玉鹏,李海花,王柳懿,等.丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道屏障功能和血清细胞因子含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(8):2961-2968.
[11]OVERVEST MA,BERGERON R,HALEY D B,et al.Effect of feed type and method of presentation on feeding behavior,intake,and grow th of dairy calves fed a high level of milk[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(1):317-327.
[12]冯仰廉,陆治年.奶牛营养需要和饲料成分[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[13]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6435-2014饲料中水分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[14]国家技术监督局.GB/T 6432—1994饲料中粗蛋白测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1994.
[15]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6433—2006饲料中粗脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6438—2007饲料中粗灰分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T6436—2002饲料中钙的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[18]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T6437—2002饲料中总磷的测定分光光度法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[19]VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal Nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[20]HILL T M,PAS J MA,SCHLOTTERBECK R L,et al.Amino acids,fatty acids,and fat sources for calf milk replacers[J].Professional Animal Scientist,2007,23(4):401-408.
[21]LIAO X D,MA G,CAI J,et al.Effects of Clostridium butyricum on grow th performance,antioxidation,and immune function of broilers[J].Poultry Science,2015,94(4):662-667.
[22]肖雪梅,黄晶.丁酸钠、丁酸梭菌在断奶仔猪生产中的应用[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2013(9):70-72.
[23]王保正,杨清付,董晓东,等.酪酸菌对猪生长特性的影响[J].饲料工业,2007,28(16):39-40.
[24]UYENO Y,KAWASHIMA K,HASUNUMA T,et al.Effects of cellooligosaccharide or a combination of cellooligosaccharide and live Clostridium butyricum culture on performance and intestinal ecology in Holstein calves fed milk or milk replacer[J].Livestock Science,2013,153(1/2/3):88-93.
[25]梁静,聂存喜,张文举,等.丁酸梭菌的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(5):1639-1646.
[26]HOSSAIN MM,BEGUMM,KIMI H.Effect of Bacillus subtilis,Clostridium butyricum and Lactobacillus acidophilus endospores on grow th performance,nutrient digestibility,meat quality,relative organ weight,microbial shedding and excreta noxious gas emission in broilers[J].VeterínarníMedicína,2015,60(2):77-86.
[27]贾丽楠,崔嘉,陈宝江.丁酸梭菌生理功能及其在畜牧业中的应用[J].饲料研究,2017(13):4-7.
[28]张善亭,史燕,张淑丽,等.丁酸梭菌的研究应用进展[J].生物技术通报,2013(9):27-33.
[29]高艳霞,仁瑞清,李建国,等.断奶应激对犊牛血液生化、免疫和内分泌的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2014,34(8):1294-1299,1303.
[30]TAILOR D,HAHME R,KALE R K,et al.Sodium butyrate induces DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fusion and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells[J].Mitochondrion,2014,16:55-64.
[31]廖秀冬.丁酸梭菌的筛选及其对动物抗氧化能力和肉鸡肉品质影响的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[32]HAMER H M,JONKERS D MA E,BAST A,et al.Butyrate modulates oxidative stress in the colonic mucosa of healthy humans[J].Clinical Nutrition,2009,28(1):88-93.
[33]OHSAWA I,ISHIKAWA M,TAKAHASHI K,et al.Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals[J].Nature Medicine,2007,13(6):688-694.
[34]KAWASAKI S,NAKAGAWA T,NISHIYAMA Y,et al.Effect of oxygen on the grow th of Clostridium butyricum(type species of the genus Clostridium),and the distribution of enzymes for oxygen and for active oxygen species in Clostridia[J].Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering,1998,86(4):368-372.
[35]杨汉春.动物免疫学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1996:32-33.
[36]郑有秀,王超,邹晓庭,等.丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道结构和免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(7):2683-2689.
[37]张彩云,刘来亭,杜灵广,等.酪酸芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(13):43-45.
[38]唐昊,韩奇鹏,张佩华.丁酸梭菌的研究与应用[J].饲料博览,2018(3):8-12,15.