瘤胃投喂外源乳酸菌对奶牛胃肠道活菌比例及挥发性脂肪酸浓度的影响
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摘要
试验旨在研究外源乳酸菌对奶牛胃肠道活菌比例及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度的影响。选取4头安装永久性瘤胃和十二指肠瘘管的荷斯坦成年干奶牛,试验共分3期,每期正试期7 d,间隔期20 d。采用自身对照试验设计,第1期为空白对照组,第2、3期(试验组)分别在晨饲后1 h(10:00)打开瘤胃瘘管塞投喂植物乳杆菌和乳酸菌复合系的菌粉。每期试验最后3 d连续采集瘤胃液、十二指肠内容物以及直肠粪样,检测样品中活细菌占总细菌的比例以及VFA浓度。结果表明:在瘤胃中,添加外源乳酸菌复合系可以提高活菌比例,但降低了VFA浓度(P<0.05);在十二指肠中,乳酸菌复合系组活菌比例高于植物乳杆菌组(P<0.05),但与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),乳酸菌复合系组的乙酸和总挥发酸(TVFA)浓度高于对照组和植物乳杆菌组(P<0.05);在直肠中,不同处理组间VFA浓度差异不显著(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,添加外源植物乳杆菌和乳酸菌复合系虽然可以提高瘤胃中活菌比例,但降低了瘤胃VFA浓度,对肠道后段活菌比例及VFA浓度的影响有限。
引文
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[30]柴红玉,王潇,卢富山,等.乳酸链球菌和干酪乳杆菌混合培养抑菌性的研究[J].江西农业学报,2015(2):85-87.
[31]Dehor it y B A,Or pi n C G.Development of,and nat u ral fluctuations in,rumen microbial populations[M].London:Rumen Microb Ecosystem,1997:196-245.
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[33]王剑.不同粗精比全混合日粮对奶牛相关生理指标影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2013.
[2]张志军,刘敏,赵正剑,等.饲粮中添加复合益生菌对绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响[J].饲料研究,2012(3):44-47.
[3]肖怡.三种益生菌对肉羊甲烷排放、物质代谢和瘤胃发酵的影响[D].塔里木:塔里木大学,2016.
[4]于萍,王加启,卜登攀,等.日粮添加纳豆芽孢杆菌对断奶后犊牛胃肠道纤维分解菌的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,14(1):111-116.
[5]邓露芳.日粮添加纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌对奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵及功能微生物的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2009.
[6]杨华,张韩杰,吴信明,等.微生态制剂对肉羊生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2015,36(10):27-32.
[7]Raethknight M L,Linn J G,Jung H G.Effect of direct-fed microbials on performance,diet digestibility,and rumen characteristics of Holstein dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2007,90(4):1802-1809.
[8]Malik R,Bandla S.Effect of source and dose of probiotics and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes(EFE)on intake,feed efficiency,and growth of male buffalo(Bubalus bubalis)calves[J].Trop Anim Health Prod,2010,42(6):1263-1269.
[9]Li Q,Maddox C,Rasmussen L,et al.Assay development and high-throughput antiviral drug screening against Bluetongue virus[J].Antiviral Res,2009,83(3):267-273.
[10]Ye Y W,Wu J H,Wang C M,et al.Sox17 regulates proliferation and cell cycle during gastric cancer progression[J].Cancer Lett,2011,307(2):124-131.
[11]Yan F,Zhang C,Zheng Y,et al.The effect of poloxamer 188on nanoparticle morphology,size,cancer cell uptake,and cytotoxicity[J].Nanomedicine,2010,6(1):170-178.
[12]Wang C X,Huang L S,Hou L B,et al.Antitumor effects of polysorbate-80 coated gemcitabine polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles in vitro and its pharmacodynamics in vivo on C6 glioma cells of a brain tumor model[J].Brain Res,2009,1261:91-99.
[13]Wilkinson M G.Flow cytometry as a potential method of measuring bacterial viability in probiotic products:A review[J].Trends Food Sci Technol,2018,78:1-10.
[14]王加启.反刍动物营养学研究方法[M].北京:现代教育出版社,2011.
[15]Xu H,Huang W,Hou Q,et al.The effects of probiotics administration on the milk production,milk components and fecal bacteria microbiota of dairy cows[J].Sci Bulletin,2017,62(11):767-774.
[16]符运勤.地衣芽孢杆菌及其复合菌对后备牛生长性能和瘤胃内环境的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[17]Kassa S R.Role of probiotics in rumen fermentation and animal performance:a review[J].Int J Livest Product,2016,7(5):24-32.
[18]Krasaekoopt W,BhandariI B,Deeth H.The influence of coating materials on some properties of alginate beads and survivability of microencapsulated probiotic bacteria[J].Int Dairy J,2004,14(8):737-743.
[19]Kiran F,MokraniI M,Osmanagaoglu O.Effect of encapsulation on viability of pediococcus pentosaceus OZF during its passage through the gastrointestinal tract model[J].Curr Microbiol,2015,71(1):95-105.
[20]Wang L,Yu X,Xu H,et al.Effect of skim milk coated inulinalginate encapsulation beads on viability and gene expression of Lactobacillus plantarum during freeze-drying[J].LWT-Food Sci Technol,2016,68:8-13.
[21]Bringues G B,Maz A.Effect of microencapsulation on survival of Lactobacillus plantarum in simulated gastrointestinal conditions,refrigeration,and yogurt[J].J Food Eng,2011,103(2):123-128.
[22]Parvea S,Malik K,Kang S,et al.Probiotics and their fermented food products are beneficial for health[J].J Appl Microbiol2006,100(6):1171-1185.
[23]Giang H H,Viet T Q,Ogle B,et al.Effects of different probiotic complexes of lactic acid bacteria on growth performance and gut environment of weaned piglets[J].Livest Sci,2010,133(1):182-184.
[24]于卓腾,毛胜勇,朱伟云.微生态制剂和饲用抗生素对肉鸡盲肠和微生物区系的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2007,30(3):110-114.
[25]马晨,张和平,刘彩虹,等.牛瘤胃与肠道微生物多样性的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(4):852-862.
[26]董晓丽.益生菌的筛选鉴定及其对断奶仔猪、犊牛生长和消化道微生物的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[27]张媛媛,阳艳林,黄广明,等.不同益生菌体外模拟胃肠道环境耐受性的比较研究[J].饲料工业,2013(17):43-45.
[28]Elshaghabee F,Rokana N,Gulhane R D,et al.Bacillus as potential probiotics:status,concerns,and future perspectives[J].Front Microbiol,2017,8:1-15.
[29]Rolfe R D.The role of probiotic cultures in the control of gastrointestinal health[J].J Nutrition,2000,130(2S Suppl):396S-402S.
[30]柴红玉,王潇,卢富山,等.乳酸链球菌和干酪乳杆菌混合培养抑菌性的研究[J].江西农业学报,2015(2):85-87.
[31]Dehor it y B A,Or pi n C G.Development of,and nat u ral fluctuations in,rumen microbial populations[M].London:Rumen Microb Ecosystem,1997:196-245.
[32]Leedle J A,Bryant M P,Hespell R B.Diurnal variations in bacterial numbers and f luid parameters in ruminal contents of animals fed low-or high-forage diets[J].Appl Environ,Microbiol,1982,44(2):402-412.
[33]王剑.不同粗精比全混合日粮对奶牛相关生理指标影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2013.