采空区悬空天然气管道应力与应变模拟
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摘要
采空区有可能造成地表沉降变形、碎裂甚至塌陷等次生地质灾害,易造成埋地管道的大范围变形甚至悬空。基于理想弹塑性模型,以某X70管道为例,考虑管道与土体的非线性、管道的几何非线性、土壤的物理非线性等因素,利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立采空区悬空天然气管道的有限元仿真计算模型。在内压、轴向力、外部载荷等共同作用下,分析X70悬空管道在不同悬空长度、不同内压、不同埋深条件下的应力应变变化,并采用双失效判别准则对其进行安全评估。结果表明:在充分考虑应力应变的变化趋势和变化速率基础上,通过双失效判据确定不同悬空长度管道所处的风险等级,可为采空区管道的完整性管理提供依据;内压对管道失效影响较大,当存在采空区塌陷时,需要临时降低管道内压以提高管道安全性能。
A goaf may cause secondary geological disasters, such as surface subsidence deformation, fragmentation and even collapse, and consequently results in extensive deformation or even overhanging of buried pipelines easily. In this paper,X70 pipeline was taken as an example. And based on the ideal elastoplastic model, the finite element simulation model for suspended gas pipelines in goafs was established by the finite element software ABAQUS. In this model, the nonlinear characteristics of pipeline and soil, the geometric nonlinearity of pipeline and the physics nonlinearity of soil were taken into consideration. Then, the stress and strain changes of X70 suspended pipeline under different suspended lengths, different internal pressures and different buried depths were analyzed under the joint effect of internal pressure, axial force and external load. In addition, safety evaluation was carried out on the basis of the double failure criterion. It is indicated that the determination of the risk level of the pipeline with different suspended lengths according to the double failure criterion while considering the change trend and rate of stress and strain fully can provide the basis for the integrity management of pipeline in goafs. The internal pressure has more effect on the pipeline failure. Therefore, when the goaf is collapsed, decreasing the internal pipeline pressure temporarily is an effective way to improve the pipeline safety.
A goaf may cause secondary geological disasters, such as surface subsidence deformation, fragmentation and even collapse, and consequently results in extensive deformation or even overhanging of buried pipelines easily. In this paper,X70 pipeline was taken as an example. And based on the ideal elastoplastic model, the finite element simulation model for suspended gas pipelines in goafs was established by the finite element software ABAQUS. In this model, the nonlinear characteristics of pipeline and soil, the geometric nonlinearity of pipeline and the physics nonlinearity of soil were taken into consideration. Then, the stress and strain changes of X70 suspended pipeline under different suspended lengths, different internal pressures and different buried depths were analyzed under the joint effect of internal pressure, axial force and external load. In addition, safety evaluation was carried out on the basis of the double failure criterion. It is indicated that the determination of the risk level of the pipeline with different suspended lengths according to the double failure criterion while considering the change trend and rate of stress and strain fully can provide the basis for the integrity management of pipeline in goafs. The internal pressure has more effect on the pipeline failure. Therefore, when the goaf is collapsed, decreasing the internal pipeline pressure temporarily is an effective way to improve the pipeline safety.
引文
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[9]魏孔瑞,姚安林,张照旭,等.埋地油气管道悬空沉降变形失效评估方法研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2014,24(6):68-73.WEI K R,YAO A L,ZHANG Z X,et al.Study on method for assessing failure of settlement and deformation of buried oil and gas suspended pipelines[J].China Safety Science Journal,2014,24(6):68-73.
[10]关惠平,姚安林,谢飞鸿,等.采空塌陷区管道最大轴向应力计算及统计分析[J].天然气工业,2009,29(11):100-103.GUAN H P,YAO A L,XIE F H,et al.Calculation and statistical analysis of maximal axial stress at mining subsidence area[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(11):100-103.
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[12]王海兰,马廷霞,徐洪敏,等.X80输气管线悬空状态下的安全评价[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(34):174-179.WANG H L,MA T X,XU H M,et al.Safety evaluation of X80gas transmission suspended pipelines[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(34):174-179.
[13]赵潇,马廷霞,吴志锋,等.X52长输管线在悬空状态下的安全研究[J].机械科学与技术,2015,34(10):1589-1593.ZHAO X,MA T X,WU Z F,et al.Study on security of long-distance transport X52 pipeline in suspended state[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2015,34(10):1589-1593.
[14]TIAN X,ZHANG H.Failure criterion of buried pipelines with dent and scratch defects[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2017,80:278-289.
[15]杨东财.天然气管道穿孔局部应力应变分析[J].沈阳大学学报(自然科学版),2018,30(3):183-187.YANG D C.Local stress and strain in natural gas pipeline perforation[J].Journal of Shenyang University(Natural Science),2018,30(3):183-187.
[16]张宏,崔红升.基于应变的管道强度设计方法的适用性[J].油气储运,2012,31(12):952-954.ZHANG H,CUI H S.The applicability of strain-based pipeline strength design method[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2012,31(12):952-954.
[17]刘铭刚,杨秀娟,闫相祯,等.基于多重非线性管-土耦合模型的管道应变设计方法[J].中国测试,2016,42(7):9-14.LIU M G,YANG X J,YAN X Z,et al.Strain design analysis method of buried pipeline based on multiple nonlinear pipe-soil coupling model[J].China Measurement&Test,2016,42(7):9-14.
[18]黄伟林,叶海波.管道失效判据简析[J].深冷技术,2014(2):33-36.HUANG W L,YE H B.Simple analysis of criterion of pipeline failure[J].Cryogengenic Technology,2014(2):33-36.
[19]张庆荣.X80管线钢的应力-应变特性及失效判据[J].热加工工艺,2016,45(20):118-120,123.ZHANG Q R.Stress-strain characteristics and failure criterion for X80 pipeline steel[J].Hot Working Technology,2016,45(20):118-120,123.
[20]张鹏,魏韡,崔立伟,等.地表冲沟条件下悬空管道的力学模型与延寿分析[J].天然气工业,2014,34(4):142-148.ZHANG P,WEI W,CUI L W,et al.A mechanical model and life extension of the suspended pipelines under the condition of geological gulch[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(4):142-148.
[21]赵红超,田鹏,孙宏,等.X70钢级φ1016mm×17.5mm螺旋缝埋弧焊钢管[J].石油科技论坛,2013(6):52-54,67.ZHAO H C,TIAN P,SUN H,et al.X70φ1 016 mm×17.5 mm SAWH steel pipe[J].Oil Forum,2013(6):52-54,67.
[22]ZHANG X,DUAN M,SOARES C G.Lateral buckling critical force for submarine pipe-in-pipe pipelines[J].Applied Ocean Research,2018,78:99-109.
[23]聂德福,赵杰,莫涛.X70管线钢的室温蠕变及其对流变应力的影响[J].材料工程,2006(6):58-61.NIE D F,ZHAO J,MO T.Room temperature creep and its effect on flow stress in X70 pipeline steel[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2006(6):58-61.
[24]夏梦莹,张宏.基于应变准则的采空暗悬管道的安全性评价[J].油气储运,2016,35(11):1159-1163.XIA M Y,ZHANG H.Safety evaluation of the hidden suspended pipeline based on strain criteria[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(11):1159-1163.
[25]LI S,DUAN Q,ZHANG H,et al.Failure analysis of the floating pipeline with defect under flooding load[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2017,77:65-75.
[26]于东升,宋汉成.油气管道悬空沉降变形失效评估[J].油气储运,2012,31(9):670-673.YU D S,SONG H C.Failure assessment on the suspensionsettlement deformation of oil and gas pipelines[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2012,31(9):670-673.
[27]吴锴,张宏.断层作用下管道受压时数值模型适用性分析[J].石油管材与仪器,2018,4(2):40-44.WU K,ZHANG H.Applicability analysis on FEM models of buried pipeline across faults under stress[J].Petroleum Tubular Goods&Instruments,2018,4(2):40-44.
[28]吴锴,张宏,刘啸奔,等.走滑断层位移作用下X80天然气管道的管沟合理尺寸分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(6):81-85.WU K,ZHANG H,LIU X B,et al.Analysis on rationality of trench geometrical size for buried X80 natural gas pipeline under strike-slip fault displacement[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2017,13(6):81-85.
[2]王红菊,祝悫智,张延萍.全球油气管道建设概况[J].油气储运,2015,34(1):15-18.WANG H J,ZHU Q Z,ZHANG Y P.Overview of oil and gas pipelines in the world[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(1):15-18.
[3]祝悫智,吴超,李秋扬,等.全球油气管道发展现状及未来趋势[J].油气储运,2017,36(4):375-380.ZHU Q Z,WU C,LI Q Y,et al.Development status and trend of global oil and gas pipelines[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(4):375-380.
[4]夏梦莹,张宏,王宝栋,等.基于壳单元的连续型采空区埋地管道应变分析[J].油气储运,2018,37(3):256-262.XIA M Y,ZHANG H,WANG B D,et al.Strain analysis of buried pipelines in continuous mining subsidence areas based on shell element[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2018,37(3):256-262.
[5]罗金恒,赵新伟,王峰会,等.地质灾害下悬空管道的应力分析及计算[J].压力容器,2006,23(6):23-26.LUO J H,ZHAO X W,WAGN F H,et al.Stress analysis and calculation of suspended pipeline due to geotechnical hazards[J].Pressure Vessel Technology,2006,23(6):23-26.
[6]王同涛,闫相祯,杨秀娟.基于弹塑性地基模型的湿陷性黄土地段悬空管道受力分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(4):113-118.WANG T T,YAN X Z,YANG X J.Force analysis of suspended pipeline in collapsible loess areas based on elastic-plastic foundation model[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2010,34(4):113-118.
[7]高建,王德国,何仁洋,等.基于应变的悬空管道性能分析[J].管道技术与设备,2011(6):13-15.GAO J,WANG D G,HE R Y,et al.Performance analysis of the suspended pipeline based on strain[J].Pipeline Technique and Equipment,2011(6):13-15.
[8]马廷霞,吴锦强,唐愚,等.成品油管道的极限悬空长度研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(4):165-173.MA T X,WU J Q,TANG Y,et al.Maximum suspended length of production pipeline[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2012,34(4):165-173.
[9]魏孔瑞,姚安林,张照旭,等.埋地油气管道悬空沉降变形失效评估方法研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2014,24(6):68-73.WEI K R,YAO A L,ZHANG Z X,et al.Study on method for assessing failure of settlement and deformation of buried oil and gas suspended pipelines[J].China Safety Science Journal,2014,24(6):68-73.
[10]关惠平,姚安林,谢飞鸿,等.采空塌陷区管道最大轴向应力计算及统计分析[J].天然气工业,2009,29(11):100-103.GUAN H P,YAO A L,XIE F H,et al.Calculation and statistical analysis of maximal axial stress at mining subsidence area[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(11):100-103.
[11]冉龙飞,王晓霖.埋地悬空管道的安全评估影响因素研究[J].化工设备与管道,2016,53(6):81-86.RAN L F,WANG X L.Study of effective factors for safety assessment of buried suspending piping[J].Process Equipment&Piping,2016,53(6):81-86.
[12]王海兰,马廷霞,徐洪敏,等.X80输气管线悬空状态下的安全评价[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(34):174-179.WANG H L,MA T X,XU H M,et al.Safety evaluation of X80gas transmission suspended pipelines[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(34):174-179.
[13]赵潇,马廷霞,吴志锋,等.X52长输管线在悬空状态下的安全研究[J].机械科学与技术,2015,34(10):1589-1593.ZHAO X,MA T X,WU Z F,et al.Study on security of long-distance transport X52 pipeline in suspended state[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2015,34(10):1589-1593.
[14]TIAN X,ZHANG H.Failure criterion of buried pipelines with dent and scratch defects[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2017,80:278-289.
[15]杨东财.天然气管道穿孔局部应力应变分析[J].沈阳大学学报(自然科学版),2018,30(3):183-187.YANG D C.Local stress and strain in natural gas pipeline perforation[J].Journal of Shenyang University(Natural Science),2018,30(3):183-187.
[16]张宏,崔红升.基于应变的管道强度设计方法的适用性[J].油气储运,2012,31(12):952-954.ZHANG H,CUI H S.The applicability of strain-based pipeline strength design method[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2012,31(12):952-954.
[17]刘铭刚,杨秀娟,闫相祯,等.基于多重非线性管-土耦合模型的管道应变设计方法[J].中国测试,2016,42(7):9-14.LIU M G,YANG X J,YAN X Z,et al.Strain design analysis method of buried pipeline based on multiple nonlinear pipe-soil coupling model[J].China Measurement&Test,2016,42(7):9-14.
[18]黄伟林,叶海波.管道失效判据简析[J].深冷技术,2014(2):33-36.HUANG W L,YE H B.Simple analysis of criterion of pipeline failure[J].Cryogengenic Technology,2014(2):33-36.
[19]张庆荣.X80管线钢的应力-应变特性及失效判据[J].热加工工艺,2016,45(20):118-120,123.ZHANG Q R.Stress-strain characteristics and failure criterion for X80 pipeline steel[J].Hot Working Technology,2016,45(20):118-120,123.
[20]张鹏,魏韡,崔立伟,等.地表冲沟条件下悬空管道的力学模型与延寿分析[J].天然气工业,2014,34(4):142-148.ZHANG P,WEI W,CUI L W,et al.A mechanical model and life extension of the suspended pipelines under the condition of geological gulch[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(4):142-148.
[21]赵红超,田鹏,孙宏,等.X70钢级φ1016mm×17.5mm螺旋缝埋弧焊钢管[J].石油科技论坛,2013(6):52-54,67.ZHAO H C,TIAN P,SUN H,et al.X70φ1 016 mm×17.5 mm SAWH steel pipe[J].Oil Forum,2013(6):52-54,67.
[22]ZHANG X,DUAN M,SOARES C G.Lateral buckling critical force for submarine pipe-in-pipe pipelines[J].Applied Ocean Research,2018,78:99-109.
[23]聂德福,赵杰,莫涛.X70管线钢的室温蠕变及其对流变应力的影响[J].材料工程,2006(6):58-61.NIE D F,ZHAO J,MO T.Room temperature creep and its effect on flow stress in X70 pipeline steel[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2006(6):58-61.
[24]夏梦莹,张宏.基于应变准则的采空暗悬管道的安全性评价[J].油气储运,2016,35(11):1159-1163.XIA M Y,ZHANG H.Safety evaluation of the hidden suspended pipeline based on strain criteria[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(11):1159-1163.
[25]LI S,DUAN Q,ZHANG H,et al.Failure analysis of the floating pipeline with defect under flooding load[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2017,77:65-75.
[26]于东升,宋汉成.油气管道悬空沉降变形失效评估[J].油气储运,2012,31(9):670-673.YU D S,SONG H C.Failure assessment on the suspensionsettlement deformation of oil and gas pipelines[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2012,31(9):670-673.
[27]吴锴,张宏.断层作用下管道受压时数值模型适用性分析[J].石油管材与仪器,2018,4(2):40-44.WU K,ZHANG H.Applicability analysis on FEM models of buried pipeline across faults under stress[J].Petroleum Tubular Goods&Instruments,2018,4(2):40-44.
[28]吴锴,张宏,刘啸奔,等.走滑断层位移作用下X80天然气管道的管沟合理尺寸分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(6):81-85.WU K,ZHANG H,LIU X B,et al.Analysis on rationality of trench geometrical size for buried X80 natural gas pipeline under strike-slip fault displacement[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2017,13(6):81-85.