氨气对畜禽肌肉品质的影响
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摘要
舍内氨气暴露是影响畜禽生长和健康的重要环境因素之一。氨气暴露不但危害畜禽生长性能,还对畜禽肉品质产生影响。研究表明,氨可以通过核因子κ增强子结合蛋白(NF-κB)信号通路诱导肌肉生长抑素(MSTN)表达,抑制哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路,从而抑制骨骼肌生长、蛋白质合成;氨气可以调控与脂肪代谢相关基因的表达,影响体脂分布。本文从舍内氨气产生、氨体内代谢、氨暴露对畜禽生长性能和肉品质的影响以及氨影响肉品质的可能分子机制方面进行综述,以期为改善养殖环境因子、提高畜禽肉品质提供新的依据和思路。
Ammonia exposure is one of the most important environmental factors in the livestock and poultry houses,which affects the growth and health of animals. Ammonia exposure not only endanger the growth performance of livestock and poultry,but also affect the quality of livestock and poultry meat. Recent studies also demonstrate that ammonia can induce the expression of myostatin( MSTN) by nuclear factor kappa enhancer binding protein( NF-κB) signal pathway,and inhibit the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin( mTOR) signal pathway,which inhibit the growth and protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle. It also can regulate the expression of fat-related genes and redirect the fat deposition. In order to provide new evidence and strategy to improve meat quality via environmental control,this paper reviewed ammonia production,ammonia metabolism in vivo,the effects of ammonia exposure on the growth performance and meat quality of livestock and poultry as well as possible molecular mechanisms of ammonia affecting meat quality.
Ammonia exposure is one of the most important environmental factors in the livestock and poultry houses,which affects the growth and health of animals. Ammonia exposure not only endanger the growth performance of livestock and poultry,but also affect the quality of livestock and poultry meat. Recent studies also demonstrate that ammonia can induce the expression of myostatin( MSTN) by nuclear factor kappa enhancer binding protein( NF-κB) signal pathway,and inhibit the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin( mTOR) signal pathway,which inhibit the growth and protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle. It also can regulate the expression of fat-related genes and redirect the fat deposition. In order to provide new evidence and strategy to improve meat quality via environmental control,this paper reviewed ammonia production,ammonia metabolism in vivo,the effects of ammonia exposure on the growth performance and meat quality of livestock and poultry as well as possible molecular mechanisms of ammonia affecting meat quality.
引文
[1]邓小闻,张宏娟,张学兰,等.猪舍氨气的危害及降低氨气浓度的意义[J].现代畜牧兽医,2012(3):67-69.
[2]张国强,谭德富,孟杰,等.内外源氨气的危害及控制方法[J].国外畜牧学(猪与禽),2012,32(5):73-75.
[3]PHILIPPE F X,CABARAUX J F,NICKS B.Ammonia em issions from pig houses:Influencing factors and m itigation techniques[J].Agriculture,Ecosystem s&Environm ent,2011,141(3/4):245-260.
[4]BEHERA S N,SHARMA M,ANEJA V P,et al.Amm onia in the atm osphere:a review on em ission sources,atm ospheric chem istry and deposition on terrestrial bodies[J].Environm ental Science&Pollution Research International,2013,20(11):8092-8131.
[5]AARNINK A J A,VERSTEGEN M W A.Nutrition,key factor to reduce environm ental load from pig production[J].Livestock Science,2007,109(1/2/3):194-203.
[6]MILES D M,ROWE D E,CATHCART T C.High litter m oisture content suppresses litter am m onia volatilization[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(7):1397-1405.
[7]DAVID B,MEJDELL C,MICHEL V,et al.Air quality in alternative housing system s m ay have an im pact on laying hen w elfare.PartⅠ—Dust[J].Anim als:An Open Access Journal from M DPI,2015,5(3):886-896.
[8]ZHAO Y,SHEPHERD T A,LI H,et al.Environmental assessm ent of three egg production system s-PartⅠ:monitoring system and indoor air quality[J].Poultry Science,2015,94(3):518-533.
[9]DASARATHY S,MOOKERJEE R P,RACKAYOVA V,et al.Am m onia toxicity:from head to toe?[J].M etabolic Brain Disease,2017,32(2):529-538.
[10]邹思湘.动物生物化学[M].4版.北京:中国农业出版社,2005:218-223.
[11]SCHNEIDER M,MARISON I W,VON STOCKAR U.The im portance of am m onia in m am m alian cell culture[J].Journal of Biotechnology,1996,46(3):161-185.
[12]REECE F N,LOTT B D.The effect of ammonia and carbon dioxide during brooding on the perform ance of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,1980,59(7):1654.
[13]李聪,卢庆萍,唐湘方,等.不同氨气浓度对肉鸡生长性能及肉质性状的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(22):4516-4523.
[14]CHENG Z,O’CONNOR E A,JIA Q,et al.Chronic am m onia exposure does not influence hepatic gene expression in grow ing pigs[J].Anim al,2014,8(2):331-337.
[15]曹进,张峥.封闭猪场内氨气对猪群生产性能的影响及控制试验[J].养猪,2003(4):42-44.
[16]DRUMMOND J G,CURTIS S E,SIMON J,et al.Effects of aerial am m onia on grow th and health of young pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1980,50(6):1085-1091.
[17]COLINA J J,LEWIS A,MILLER P S.A review of the am m onia issue and pork production[J].Nebraska Sw ine Report,2000,108:23-25.
[18]刘凤华,谢仲权,孙朝龙,等.高温对蛋鸡血液理化指标及生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,1997(5):23-25.
[19]孙相俞.不同品种和营养水平对猪肌纤维类型和胴体肉质性状的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[20]周招洪,陈代文,郑萍,等.饲粮能量和精氨酸水平对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(15):40-45.
[21]HENCKEL P,KARLSSON A,JENSEN M T,et al.M etabolic conditions in porcine longissimus m uscle im m ediately pre-slaughter and its influence on periand post m ortem energy m etabolism[J].M eat Science,2002,62(2):145-155.
[22]GREGORY N G.动物福利与肉类生产[M].2版.顾宪红,时建忠,译.北京:中国农业出版社,2008:257-267.
[23]MALLIA J G,BARBUT S,VAILLANCOURT J P,et al.A dark,firm dry-like condition in turkeys condem ned for cyanosis[J].Poultry Science,2000,79(2):281-285.
[24]PETRACCI M,FLETCHER D L,NORTHCUTT J K.The effect of holding tem perature on live shrink,processing yield,and breast m eat quality of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2001,80(5):670-675.
[25]QUARLES C L,KLING H F.Evaluation of ammonia and infectious bronchitis vaccination stress on broiler perform ance and carcass quality[J].Poultry Science,1974,53(4):1592-1596.
[26]SACKETT B A M,FRONTING G W,DESHAZER J A,et al.Effect of gaseous preslaughter environm ent on chicken broiler m eat quality[J].Poultry Science,1986,65(3):511-519.
[27]周风珍.鸡舍氨浓度对肉仔鸡免疫机能和肉品质影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.广州:华南农业大学,2003.
[28]WEI F X,HU X F,SA R N,et al.Antioxidant capacity and m eat quality of broilers exposed to different am bient hum idity and am m onia concentrations[J].Genetics and M olecular Research Gm r,2014,13(2):3117-3127.
[29]邢焕.舍内氨气对肉鸡脂肪代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
[30]QIU J,THAPALIYA S,RUNKANA A,et al.Hyperam m onem ia in cirrhosis induces transcriptional regulation of m yostatin by an NF-κB-m ediated m echanism[J].Proceedings of the National Academ y of Sciences of the United States of Am erica,2013,110(45):18162-18167.
[31]DASARATHY S,MCCULLOUGH A J,MUC S,et al.Sarcopenia associated w ith portosystem ic shunting is reversed by follistatin[J].Journal of Hepatology,2011,54(5):915-921.
[32]EARNEST C P,MORSS G M,WYATT F,et al.Effects of a com m ercial herbal-based form ula on exercise perform ance in cyclists[J].M edicine&Science in Sports&Exercise,2004,36(3):504-509.
[33]LOKIREDDY S,MCFARLANE C,GE X J,et al.Myostatin induces degradation of sarcom eric proteins through a Sm ad3 signaling m echanism during skeletal m uscle w asting[J].M olecular Endocrinology,2011,25(11):1936-1949.
[34]于亮,陈晓萍,王瑞元.骨骼肌纤维类型转化的分子调控机制研究进展[J].中国运动医学杂志,2014,33(5):470-475.
[35]张耿,肖淑华,何军.劣质肉的形成机理以及微营养素对肉质的调控方法综述[J].今日养猪业,2007(1):39-44.
[36]GOSKER H R,ENGELEN M P,VAN MAMEREN H,et al.M uscle fiber type IIX atrophy is involved in the loss of fat-free m ass in chronic obstructive pulm onary disease[J].Am erican Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2002,76(1):113-119.
[37]MA K,MALLIDIS C,ARTAZA J,et al.Characterization of 5'-regulatory region of hum an m yostatin gene:regulation by dexam ethasone in vitro[J].Am erican Journal of Physiology:Endocrinology and M etabolism,2001,281(6):E1128-E1136.
[38]WOOTTON J C.Re-assessment of ammonium-ion affinities of NADP-specific glutam ate dehydrogenases.Activation of the Neurospora crassa enzym e by amm onium and rubidium ions[J].Biochem ical Journal,1983,209(2):527-531.
[39]SCHACHTER D,SANG J C.Regional differentiation in the rat aorta for a novel signaling pathw ay:leucine to glutam ate[J].Am erican Journal of Physiology,1997,273(2):1484-1492.
[40]SAKAMOTO K,MCCARTHY A,SMITH D,et al.Deficiency of LKB1 in skeletal m uscle prevents AM PK activation and glucose uptake during contraction[J].Em bo Journal,2005,24(10):1810-1820.
[41]MURPHY R M.Enhanced technique to measure proteins in single segm ents of hum an skeletal m uscle fibers:fiber-type dependence of AM PK-α1 and-β1[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,2011,110(3):820-825.
[42]YI B,CHEN L,SA R,et al.Transcriptome profile analysis of breast m uscle tissues from high or low levels of atm ospheric am m onia exposed broilers(G allus gallus)[J].PLo S One,2016,11(9):e0162631.
[43]YI B,CHEN L,SA R N,et al.High concentrations of atm ospheric am m onia induce alterations of gene expression in the breast m uscle of broilers(G allus gallus)based on RNA-Seq[J].BM C Genom ics,2016,17:598.
[44]DAVIS R V N,LAMONT S J,ROTHSCHILD M F,et al.Transcriptom e analysis of post-hatch breast m uscle in legacy and m odern broiler chickens reveals enrichm ent of several regulators of m yogenic grow th[J].PLo S One,2015,10(3):e0122525.
[45]TARHDA Z,SEMLALI O,KETTANI A,et al.Three dim ensional structure prediction of fatty acid binding site on hum an transm em brane receptor CD36[J].Bioinform atics and Biology Insights,2013,7(7):369-373.
[46]MCFARLAN J T,YOSHIDA Y,JAIN S S,et al.In vivo,fatty acid translocase(CD36)critically regulates skeletal m uscle fuel selection,exercise perform ance,and training-induced adaptation of fatty acid oxidation[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2012,287(28):23502-23516.
[47]WU Q W,ORTEGON A M,TSANG B,et al.FATP1is an insulin-sensitive fatty acid transporter involved in diet-induced obesity[J].M olecular and Cellular Biology,2006,26(9):3455-3467.
[48]JOSEPH R,POSCHMANN J,SUKARIEH R,et al.ACSL1 is associated w ith fetal program m ing of insulin sensitivity and cellular lipid content[J].M olecular Endocrinology,2015,29(6):909-920.
[49]CONTE M,VASURI F,TRISOLINO G,et al.Increased Plin2 expression in hum an skeletal m uscle is associated w ith sarcopenia and m uscle w eakness[J].PLo S One,2013,8(8):e73709.
[50]XING K,ZHU F,ZHAI L W,et al.The liver transcriptom e of tw o full-sibling Songliao black pigs w ith extrem e differences in backfat thickness[J].Journal of Anim al Science and Biotechnology,2014,5:32.
[2]张国强,谭德富,孟杰,等.内外源氨气的危害及控制方法[J].国外畜牧学(猪与禽),2012,32(5):73-75.
[3]PHILIPPE F X,CABARAUX J F,NICKS B.Ammonia em issions from pig houses:Influencing factors and m itigation techniques[J].Agriculture,Ecosystem s&Environm ent,2011,141(3/4):245-260.
[4]BEHERA S N,SHARMA M,ANEJA V P,et al.Amm onia in the atm osphere:a review on em ission sources,atm ospheric chem istry and deposition on terrestrial bodies[J].Environm ental Science&Pollution Research International,2013,20(11):8092-8131.
[5]AARNINK A J A,VERSTEGEN M W A.Nutrition,key factor to reduce environm ental load from pig production[J].Livestock Science,2007,109(1/2/3):194-203.
[6]MILES D M,ROWE D E,CATHCART T C.High litter m oisture content suppresses litter am m onia volatilization[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(7):1397-1405.
[7]DAVID B,MEJDELL C,MICHEL V,et al.Air quality in alternative housing system s m ay have an im pact on laying hen w elfare.PartⅠ—Dust[J].Anim als:An Open Access Journal from M DPI,2015,5(3):886-896.
[8]ZHAO Y,SHEPHERD T A,LI H,et al.Environmental assessm ent of three egg production system s-PartⅠ:monitoring system and indoor air quality[J].Poultry Science,2015,94(3):518-533.
[9]DASARATHY S,MOOKERJEE R P,RACKAYOVA V,et al.Am m onia toxicity:from head to toe?[J].M etabolic Brain Disease,2017,32(2):529-538.
[10]邹思湘.动物生物化学[M].4版.北京:中国农业出版社,2005:218-223.
[11]SCHNEIDER M,MARISON I W,VON STOCKAR U.The im portance of am m onia in m am m alian cell culture[J].Journal of Biotechnology,1996,46(3):161-185.
[12]REECE F N,LOTT B D.The effect of ammonia and carbon dioxide during brooding on the perform ance of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,1980,59(7):1654.
[13]李聪,卢庆萍,唐湘方,等.不同氨气浓度对肉鸡生长性能及肉质性状的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(22):4516-4523.
[14]CHENG Z,O’CONNOR E A,JIA Q,et al.Chronic am m onia exposure does not influence hepatic gene expression in grow ing pigs[J].Anim al,2014,8(2):331-337.
[15]曹进,张峥.封闭猪场内氨气对猪群生产性能的影响及控制试验[J].养猪,2003(4):42-44.
[16]DRUMMOND J G,CURTIS S E,SIMON J,et al.Effects of aerial am m onia on grow th and health of young pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1980,50(6):1085-1091.
[17]COLINA J J,LEWIS A,MILLER P S.A review of the am m onia issue and pork production[J].Nebraska Sw ine Report,2000,108:23-25.
[18]刘凤华,谢仲权,孙朝龙,等.高温对蛋鸡血液理化指标及生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,1997(5):23-25.
[19]孙相俞.不同品种和营养水平对猪肌纤维类型和胴体肉质性状的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2009.
[20]周招洪,陈代文,郑萍,等.饲粮能量和精氨酸水平对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(15):40-45.
[21]HENCKEL P,KARLSSON A,JENSEN M T,et al.M etabolic conditions in porcine longissimus m uscle im m ediately pre-slaughter and its influence on periand post m ortem energy m etabolism[J].M eat Science,2002,62(2):145-155.
[22]GREGORY N G.动物福利与肉类生产[M].2版.顾宪红,时建忠,译.北京:中国农业出版社,2008:257-267.
[23]MALLIA J G,BARBUT S,VAILLANCOURT J P,et al.A dark,firm dry-like condition in turkeys condem ned for cyanosis[J].Poultry Science,2000,79(2):281-285.
[24]PETRACCI M,FLETCHER D L,NORTHCUTT J K.The effect of holding tem perature on live shrink,processing yield,and breast m eat quality of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2001,80(5):670-675.
[25]QUARLES C L,KLING H F.Evaluation of ammonia and infectious bronchitis vaccination stress on broiler perform ance and carcass quality[J].Poultry Science,1974,53(4):1592-1596.
[26]SACKETT B A M,FRONTING G W,DESHAZER J A,et al.Effect of gaseous preslaughter environm ent on chicken broiler m eat quality[J].Poultry Science,1986,65(3):511-519.
[27]周风珍.鸡舍氨浓度对肉仔鸡免疫机能和肉品质影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.广州:华南农业大学,2003.
[28]WEI F X,HU X F,SA R N,et al.Antioxidant capacity and m eat quality of broilers exposed to different am bient hum idity and am m onia concentrations[J].Genetics and M olecular Research Gm r,2014,13(2):3117-3127.
[29]邢焕.舍内氨气对肉鸡脂肪代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
[30]QIU J,THAPALIYA S,RUNKANA A,et al.Hyperam m onem ia in cirrhosis induces transcriptional regulation of m yostatin by an NF-κB-m ediated m echanism[J].Proceedings of the National Academ y of Sciences of the United States of Am erica,2013,110(45):18162-18167.
[31]DASARATHY S,MCCULLOUGH A J,MUC S,et al.Sarcopenia associated w ith portosystem ic shunting is reversed by follistatin[J].Journal of Hepatology,2011,54(5):915-921.
[32]EARNEST C P,MORSS G M,WYATT F,et al.Effects of a com m ercial herbal-based form ula on exercise perform ance in cyclists[J].M edicine&Science in Sports&Exercise,2004,36(3):504-509.
[33]LOKIREDDY S,MCFARLANE C,GE X J,et al.Myostatin induces degradation of sarcom eric proteins through a Sm ad3 signaling m echanism during skeletal m uscle w asting[J].M olecular Endocrinology,2011,25(11):1936-1949.
[34]于亮,陈晓萍,王瑞元.骨骼肌纤维类型转化的分子调控机制研究进展[J].中国运动医学杂志,2014,33(5):470-475.
[35]张耿,肖淑华,何军.劣质肉的形成机理以及微营养素对肉质的调控方法综述[J].今日养猪业,2007(1):39-44.
[36]GOSKER H R,ENGELEN M P,VAN MAMEREN H,et al.M uscle fiber type IIX atrophy is involved in the loss of fat-free m ass in chronic obstructive pulm onary disease[J].Am erican Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2002,76(1):113-119.
[37]MA K,MALLIDIS C,ARTAZA J,et al.Characterization of 5'-regulatory region of hum an m yostatin gene:regulation by dexam ethasone in vitro[J].Am erican Journal of Physiology:Endocrinology and M etabolism,2001,281(6):E1128-E1136.
[38]WOOTTON J C.Re-assessment of ammonium-ion affinities of NADP-specific glutam ate dehydrogenases.Activation of the Neurospora crassa enzym e by amm onium and rubidium ions[J].Biochem ical Journal,1983,209(2):527-531.
[39]SCHACHTER D,SANG J C.Regional differentiation in the rat aorta for a novel signaling pathw ay:leucine to glutam ate[J].Am erican Journal of Physiology,1997,273(2):1484-1492.
[40]SAKAMOTO K,MCCARTHY A,SMITH D,et al.Deficiency of LKB1 in skeletal m uscle prevents AM PK activation and glucose uptake during contraction[J].Em bo Journal,2005,24(10):1810-1820.
[41]MURPHY R M.Enhanced technique to measure proteins in single segm ents of hum an skeletal m uscle fibers:fiber-type dependence of AM PK-α1 and-β1[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,2011,110(3):820-825.
[42]YI B,CHEN L,SA R,et al.Transcriptome profile analysis of breast m uscle tissues from high or low levels of atm ospheric am m onia exposed broilers(G allus gallus)[J].PLo S One,2016,11(9):e0162631.
[43]YI B,CHEN L,SA R N,et al.High concentrations of atm ospheric am m onia induce alterations of gene expression in the breast m uscle of broilers(G allus gallus)based on RNA-Seq[J].BM C Genom ics,2016,17:598.
[44]DAVIS R V N,LAMONT S J,ROTHSCHILD M F,et al.Transcriptom e analysis of post-hatch breast m uscle in legacy and m odern broiler chickens reveals enrichm ent of several regulators of m yogenic grow th[J].PLo S One,2015,10(3):e0122525.
[45]TARHDA Z,SEMLALI O,KETTANI A,et al.Three dim ensional structure prediction of fatty acid binding site on hum an transm em brane receptor CD36[J].Bioinform atics and Biology Insights,2013,7(7):369-373.
[46]MCFARLAN J T,YOSHIDA Y,JAIN S S,et al.In vivo,fatty acid translocase(CD36)critically regulates skeletal m uscle fuel selection,exercise perform ance,and training-induced adaptation of fatty acid oxidation[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2012,287(28):23502-23516.
[47]WU Q W,ORTEGON A M,TSANG B,et al.FATP1is an insulin-sensitive fatty acid transporter involved in diet-induced obesity[J].M olecular and Cellular Biology,2006,26(9):3455-3467.
[48]JOSEPH R,POSCHMANN J,SUKARIEH R,et al.ACSL1 is associated w ith fetal program m ing of insulin sensitivity and cellular lipid content[J].M olecular Endocrinology,2015,29(6):909-920.
[49]CONTE M,VASURI F,TRISOLINO G,et al.Increased Plin2 expression in hum an skeletal m uscle is associated w ith sarcopenia and m uscle w eakness[J].PLo S One,2013,8(8):e73709.
[50]XING K,ZHU F,ZHAI L W,et al.The liver transcriptom e of tw o full-sibling Songliao black pigs w ith extrem e differences in backfat thickness[J].Journal of Anim al Science and Biotechnology,2014,5:32.