不同温室气体排放背景下东海冬季跨陆架碳输运通量
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摘要
基于马普耦合模式,结合现场水文观测资料,估算了东海冬季跨陆架环流的流量及其向深海大洋的碳输送量.由于黄东海冬季的跨陆架环流强度远大于其他季节,且进入黑潮次表层,因此,黄东海跨陆架埋碳过程主要发生在冬季.分析结果表明,黄东海存在明显的跨陆架输运,其中跨越台湾岛至济州岛一线陆架边缘向外海的年平均水体输送量为3.92Sv(1Sv=10~6m~3s~(-1)),净输送量为向外海0.82Sv,与台湾海峡和济州海峡流量之差相当.冬季,跨陆架向外海的溶解无机碳(DIC)、溶解有机碳(DOC)和颗粒有机碳(POC)的净输运量分别为98、12和0.1百万吨.在全球温室气体减排(RCP4.5)和持续增加(RCP8.5)背景下,该跨陆架输运有不断增强的趋势,其中冬季跨越台湾岛至济州岛一线陆架边缘向外海的流量从2006～2099年分别增加了0.54和0.65Sv,增幅分别达15.3%和19.6%.受其影响,冬季跨陆架向外海的DIC、DOC和POC的输运量增加幅度在15.4～25.2%.本文首次评估了全球变暖背景下的东海冬季跨陆架碳输运量,揭示了跨陆架输运在中国近海碳循环中的重要作用.
引文
程君,石晓勇,张传松,王丽莎,黄爽,刘东生.2012.春季黄东海颗粒有机碳的时空分布特征.海洋环境科学,32:2505-2511
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乔璐璐,王震,刘世东,李广雪,刘雪,黄玲玲,薛文静,仲毅.2017.从陆架海到西太平洋:黄、东海悬浮体跨陆架输运通道与机制.地学前缘,24:134-140
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张岩松,章飞军,郭学武,张曼平.2004.黄海夏季水域沉降颗粒物垂直通量的研究.海洋与湖沼,35:230-238
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Beardsley R C,Limeburner R,Yu H,Cannon G A.1985.Discharge of the Changjiang(Yangtze River)into the East China Sea.Cont Shelf Res,4:57-76
Bian C,Jiang W,Quan Q,Wang T,Greatbatch R J,Li W.2013.Distributions of suspended sediment concentration in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea based on field surveys during the four seasons of 2011.J Mar Syst,121-122:24-35
Dai M H,Meng F F,Tang T T,Kao S J,Lin J L,Chen J H,Huang J C,Tian J W,Gan J P,Yang S.2009.Excess total organic carbon in the intermediate water of the South China Sea and its export to the North Pacific.Geochem Geophys Geosyst,10:Q12002
Deng B,Zhang J,Wu Y.2006.Recent sediment accumulation and carbon burial in the East China Sea.Glob Biogeochem Cycle,20,doi:10.1029/2005GB002559
Guan B X.1994.Patterns and structures of the currents in Bohai,Huanghai and East China Seas.In:Zhou D,Liang Y B,Zeng C K,eds.Oceanology of China Seas Volume 1.Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers.17-26
Hu D X.1994.Some striking features of circulation in Huanghai Sea and East China Sea.In:Zhou D,Liang Y B,Zeng C K,eds.Oceanology of China Seas Volume 1.Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers.27-38
Hung J J,Lin P L,Liu K K.2000.Dissolved and particulate organic carbon in the southern East China Sea.Cont Shelf Res,20:545-569
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Iseki K,Okamura K,Kiyomoto Y.2003.Seasonality and composition of downward particulate fluxes at the continental shelf and Okinawa Trough in the East China Sea.Deep-Sea Res Part II-Top Stud Oceanogr,50:457-473
Isobe A.2008.Recent advances in ocean-circulation research on the Yellow Sea and East China Sea shelves.J Oceanogr,64:569-584
Jiao N Z,Herndl G J,Hansell D A,Benner R,Kattner G,Wilhelm S W,Kirchman D L,Weinbauer M G,Luo T,Chen F,Azam F.2010.Microbial production of recalcitrant dissolved organic matter:Longterm carbon storage in the global ocean.Nat Rev Microbiol,8:593-599
Jiao N Z,Herndl G J,Hansell D A,Benner R,Kattner G,Wilhelm S W,Kirchman D L,Weinbauer M G,Luo T,Chen F,Azam F.2011.The microbial carbon pump and the oceanic recalcitrant dissolved organic matter pool.Nat Rev Microbiol,9:555
Knap A,Michaels A,Close A,Ducklow H,Dickson A.1996.Protocols for the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study(JGOFS)Core Measurements.JGOFS Report No.19.Reprint of the IOC Manuals and Guides No.29.Paris:UNESCO
Lin K,Guo B,Tang Y.2001.An analysis on observational surface current in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.Cheju:Proceedings,Extended Abstract Volume,the 11th PAMS/JECSSWorkshop,April 11-13,2001,67-71
Milliman J D,Shen H T,Yang Z S,Mead R H.1985.Transport and deposition of river sediment in the Changjiang estuary and adjacent continental shelf.Cont Shelf Res,4:37-45
Munk W H.1966.Abyssal recipes.Deep Sea Res Oceanogr Abstracts,13:707-730
Nitani H.1972.Beginning of the Kuroshio.In:Stommel H,Yoshida K,eds.Kuroshio-Its Physical Aspects.Tokyo:University of Tokyo Press.353-369
Qiao L,Huang L,Wang Z,Yao Z,Liu S.2016.Flux and its seasonal variation of suspended particulate matter in the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea and East China Sea.Geol J,51:22-34
Saito Y,Yang Z.1995.Historical change of the Huanghe(Yellow River)and its impact on the sediment budget of the East China Sea.In:Tsunogai,S,Iseki K,Koike I,Oba T,eds.Global Flux of Carbon and its Related Substances in the Coastal Sea-Ocean-Atmosphere System.Yokohama:M&J International.7-12
Su J.1998.Circulation dynamics of the China Seas north of 18°N.In:Robinson A R,Brink K H,eds.In The Sea,Volume 11.New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc.483-505
Tsunogai S,Watanabe S,Sato T.1999.Is there a“continental shelf pump”for the absorption of atmospheric CO2?Tellus B-Chem Phys Meteor,51:701-712
van Vuuren D P,Edmonds J,Kainuma M,Riahi K,Thomson A,Hibbard K,Hurtt G C,Kram T,Krey V,Lamarque J F,Masui T,Meinshausen M,Nakicenovic N,Smith S J,Rose S K.2011.The representative concentration pathways:An overview.Clim Change,109:5-31
Wu K,Dai M H,Chen J H,Meng F F,Li X L,Liu Z Y,Du C J,Gan JP.2015.Dissolved organic carbon in the South China Sea and its exchange with the Western Pacific Ocean.Deep-Sea Res Part II-Top Stud Oceanogr,122:41-51
Yuan D L,Hsueh Y.2010.Dynamics of the cross-shelf circulation in the Yellow and East China Seas in winter.Deep-Sea Res Part II-Top Stud Oceanogr,57:1745-1761
Yuan D L,Zhu J,Li C Y,Hu D X.2008.Cross-shelf circulation in the Yellow and East China Seas indicated by MODIS satellite observations.J Mar Syst,70:134-149
Zhang J,Guo X Y,Zhao L,Miyazawa Y,Sun Q.2017.Water exchange across isobaths over the continental shelf of the East China Sea.JPhys Oceanogr,47:1043-1060
Zhou F,Xue H J,Huang D J,Xuan J L,Ni X B,Xiu P,Hao Q.2015.Cross-shelf exchange in the shelf of the East China Sea.J Geophys Res-Oceans,120:1545-1572
方精云,郭兆迪,朴世龙,陈安平.2007.1981~2000年中国陆地植被碳汇的估算.中国科学D辑:地球科学,37:804-812
胡敦欣,杨作升.2001.东海海洋通量关键过程.北京:海洋出版社.204
卢汐,宋金明,袁华茂,李宁.2015.黑潮与毗邻陆架海域的碳交换.地球科学进展,30:214-225
乔璐璐,王震,刘世东,李广雪,刘雪,黄玲玲,薛文静,仲毅.2017.从陆架海到西太平洋:黄、东海悬浮体跨陆架输运通道与机制.地学前缘,24:134-140
商荣宁,王作华,张传松,石晓勇.2012.冬季黄东海溶解有机碳的分布特征.海洋科学进展,30:94-101
肖合辉,王厚杰,毕乃双,吴晓,王爱美,张勇.2015.渤黄海海域悬浮体季节性分布及主要运移路径.海洋地质与第四纪地质,35:11-21
张岩松,章飞军,郭学武,张曼平.2004.黄海夏季水域沉降颗粒物垂直通量的研究.海洋与湖沼,35:230-238
张岩松,章飞军,郭学武,张曼平.2006.东海秋季典型站位沉降颗粒物通量.海洋与湖沼,37:28-34
Aldrian E,Sein D,Jacob D,Gates L D,Podzun R.2005.Modelling Indonesian rainfall with a coupled regional model.Clim Dyn,25:1-17
Beardsley R C,Limeburner R,Yu H,Cannon G A.1985.Discharge of the Changjiang(Yangtze River)into the East China Sea.Cont Shelf Res,4:57-76
Bian C,Jiang W,Quan Q,Wang T,Greatbatch R J,Li W.2013.Distributions of suspended sediment concentration in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea based on field surveys during the four seasons of 2011.J Mar Syst,121-122:24-35
Dai M H,Meng F F,Tang T T,Kao S J,Lin J L,Chen J H,Huang J C,Tian J W,Gan J P,Yang S.2009.Excess total organic carbon in the intermediate water of the South China Sea and its export to the North Pacific.Geochem Geophys Geosyst,10:Q12002
Deng B,Zhang J,Wu Y.2006.Recent sediment accumulation and carbon burial in the East China Sea.Glob Biogeochem Cycle,20,doi:10.1029/2005GB002559
Guan B X.1994.Patterns and structures of the currents in Bohai,Huanghai and East China Seas.In:Zhou D,Liang Y B,Zeng C K,eds.Oceanology of China Seas Volume 1.Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers.17-26
Hu D X.1994.Some striking features of circulation in Huanghai Sea and East China Sea.In:Zhou D,Liang Y B,Zeng C K,eds.Oceanology of China Seas Volume 1.Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers.27-38
Hung J J,Lin P L,Liu K K.2000.Dissolved and particulate organic carbon in the southern East China Sea.Cont Shelf Res,20:545-569
IPCC.2013.Summary for Policymakers.In:Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.In:Stocker T F,Qin D,Plattner G K,Tignor M,Allen S K,Boschung J,Nauels A,Xia Y,Bex V,Midgley P M,eds.Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press
Iseki K,Okamura K,Kiyomoto Y.2003.Seasonality and composition of downward particulate fluxes at the continental shelf and Okinawa Trough in the East China Sea.Deep-Sea Res Part II-Top Stud Oceanogr,50:457-473
Isobe A.2008.Recent advances in ocean-circulation research on the Yellow Sea and East China Sea shelves.J Oceanogr,64:569-584
Jiao N Z,Herndl G J,Hansell D A,Benner R,Kattner G,Wilhelm S W,Kirchman D L,Weinbauer M G,Luo T,Chen F,Azam F.2010.Microbial production of recalcitrant dissolved organic matter:Longterm carbon storage in the global ocean.Nat Rev Microbiol,8:593-599
Jiao N Z,Herndl G J,Hansell D A,Benner R,Kattner G,Wilhelm S W,Kirchman D L,Weinbauer M G,Luo T,Chen F,Azam F.2011.The microbial carbon pump and the oceanic recalcitrant dissolved organic matter pool.Nat Rev Microbiol,9:555
Knap A,Michaels A,Close A,Ducklow H,Dickson A.1996.Protocols for the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study(JGOFS)Core Measurements.JGOFS Report No.19.Reprint of the IOC Manuals and Guides No.29.Paris:UNESCO
Lin K,Guo B,Tang Y.2001.An analysis on observational surface current in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.Cheju:Proceedings,Extended Abstract Volume,the 11th PAMS/JECSSWorkshop,April 11-13,2001,67-71
Milliman J D,Shen H T,Yang Z S,Mead R H.1985.Transport and deposition of river sediment in the Changjiang estuary and adjacent continental shelf.Cont Shelf Res,4:37-45
Munk W H.1966.Abyssal recipes.Deep Sea Res Oceanogr Abstracts,13:707-730
Nitani H.1972.Beginning of the Kuroshio.In:Stommel H,Yoshida K,eds.Kuroshio-Its Physical Aspects.Tokyo:University of Tokyo Press.353-369
Qiao L,Huang L,Wang Z,Yao Z,Liu S.2016.Flux and its seasonal variation of suspended particulate matter in the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea and East China Sea.Geol J,51:22-34
Saito Y,Yang Z.1995.Historical change of the Huanghe(Yellow River)and its impact on the sediment budget of the East China Sea.In:Tsunogai,S,Iseki K,Koike I,Oba T,eds.Global Flux of Carbon and its Related Substances in the Coastal Sea-Ocean-Atmosphere System.Yokohama:M&J International.7-12
Su J.1998.Circulation dynamics of the China Seas north of 18°N.In:Robinson A R,Brink K H,eds.In The Sea,Volume 11.New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc.483-505
Tsunogai S,Watanabe S,Sato T.1999.Is there a“continental shelf pump”for the absorption of atmospheric CO2?Tellus B-Chem Phys Meteor,51:701-712
van Vuuren D P,Edmonds J,Kainuma M,Riahi K,Thomson A,Hibbard K,Hurtt G C,Kram T,Krey V,Lamarque J F,Masui T,Meinshausen M,Nakicenovic N,Smith S J,Rose S K.2011.The representative concentration pathways:An overview.Clim Change,109:5-31
Wu K,Dai M H,Chen J H,Meng F F,Li X L,Liu Z Y,Du C J,Gan JP.2015.Dissolved organic carbon in the South China Sea and its exchange with the Western Pacific Ocean.Deep-Sea Res Part II-Top Stud Oceanogr,122:41-51
Yuan D L,Hsueh Y.2010.Dynamics of the cross-shelf circulation in the Yellow and East China Seas in winter.Deep-Sea Res Part II-Top Stud Oceanogr,57:1745-1761
Yuan D L,Zhu J,Li C Y,Hu D X.2008.Cross-shelf circulation in the Yellow and East China Seas indicated by MODIS satellite observations.J Mar Syst,70:134-149
Zhang J,Guo X Y,Zhao L,Miyazawa Y,Sun Q.2017.Water exchange across isobaths over the continental shelf of the East China Sea.JPhys Oceanogr,47:1043-1060
Zhou F,Xue H J,Huang D J,Xuan J L,Ni X B,Xiu P,Hao Q.2015.Cross-shelf exchange in the shelf of the East China Sea.J Geophys Res-Oceans,120:1545-1572