抽薹装置定位钩改进减小蒜薹抽提力提高效率
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摘要
针对传统抽薹装置抽薹时抽提力较大、抽提效率低问题,该文对抽薹装置的定位钩进行了改进,并制作了钩提抽薹装置。为了解2种抽薹装置的抽薹效果,开展了2种装置(传统抽薹装置和钩提抽薹装置)在不同时段(早上、上午、下午)及降雨条件下对抽提力度、蒜薹及大蒜产量影响的试验。经过对多个指标测定和方差分析,结果表明:采用钩提抽薹装置能降低抽薹拉力,提高抽薹的稳定性和抽薹效率,并且不会造成蒜头产量下降,上午、早上及降雨条件下是抽薹的最佳时期,特别是降雨条件下,薹长和出薹率最高,分别达到47.7 cm和99.7%,蒜薹产量达到5 222.22 kg/hm~2。综合来看,蒜薹抽提的最佳方案:采用钩提抽薹装置,早上和上午进行抽提,如遇降雨条件,尽量进行抽提。研究结果可为蒜农抽薹提供依据,并为蒜薹抽提的机械化研究提供理论基础。
Aiming at low efficiency and low bolting rate, garlic bolt positioning laboriously and time-consuming in bolting process by the traditional garlic bolting device, a kind of garlic bolting device with hook was designed by measuring the stem diameter. The comparative experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of traditional bolting device and bolting device with hook on bolting force, garlic bolt and garlic yield under different time and rainfall conditions. Eight treatments were conducted, in which 2 bolting devices were provided for 4 weather conditions of early morning, morning and afternoon as well as rainfall condition. The traditional garlic bolting device consisted of a handle, a metal rod and a metal nail, and the angle between the metal nail and the metal rod was 90?. The bolting device with hook consisted of 4 parts: handle, metal rod, positioning design and metal hook, with the angle between metal rod and positioning design ranging from 135° to 180°, and the plane formed by the metal rod and positioning design was perpendicular to the plane formed by the positioning design and the sharp metal hook. Garlic bolt was broken by metal nail of the traditional garlic bolting device, through the observing the position of the metal nails to the middle of the garlic stem while pinching the handle with one hand and bolting the garlic bolt with the other hand. While the garlic bolt was broken by the metal hook by placing the metal hook to the middle of the garlic stem using positioning device and hook with one hand, and bolting the bolt with the other hand. The bolt hole pierced by nailwas smaller and much easilyblockedleading the bolting force too large using traditional bolting device, while the hole was larger and not easily blocked, so that the internal and external pressure of the garlic stem was always consistent using bolting device with hook. The hole was done by Lever action using traditional bolting device, while the hole was done directly through bolting force bolting device with hook. By testing various indices and statistical analysis for 8 treatments, the results indicated that the bolting force could be reduced, the stability and bolting efficiency improved using the bolting device with hook, while the garlic yield was not decreased. The best bolting period were in early morning, morning and rainfall weather conditions. The garlic bolt length, the highest bolting rate and the garlic bolt yield could significantly improved under the rainfall condition especially, reaching 47.7 cm, 99.7%, and 5 222.22 kg/hm~2 respectively. In a comprehensive way, the best scheme for garlic bolting were in early morning, morning and rainfall conditions using hook bolting method. The conclusion could provide a reference for time and mechanization of bolting.
Aiming at low efficiency and low bolting rate, garlic bolt positioning laboriously and time-consuming in bolting process by the traditional garlic bolting device, a kind of garlic bolting device with hook was designed by measuring the stem diameter. The comparative experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of traditional bolting device and bolting device with hook on bolting force, garlic bolt and garlic yield under different time and rainfall conditions. Eight treatments were conducted, in which 2 bolting devices were provided for 4 weather conditions of early morning, morning and afternoon as well as rainfall condition. The traditional garlic bolting device consisted of a handle, a metal rod and a metal nail, and the angle between the metal nail and the metal rod was 90?. The bolting device with hook consisted of 4 parts: handle, metal rod, positioning design and metal hook, with the angle between metal rod and positioning design ranging from 135° to 180°, and the plane formed by the metal rod and positioning design was perpendicular to the plane formed by the positioning design and the sharp metal hook. Garlic bolt was broken by metal nail of the traditional garlic bolting device, through the observing the position of the metal nails to the middle of the garlic stem while pinching the handle with one hand and bolting the garlic bolt with the other hand. While the garlic bolt was broken by the metal hook by placing the metal hook to the middle of the garlic stem using positioning device and hook with one hand, and bolting the bolt with the other hand. The bolt hole pierced by nailwas smaller and much easilyblockedleading the bolting force too large using traditional bolting device, while the hole was larger and not easily blocked, so that the internal and external pressure of the garlic stem was always consistent using bolting device with hook. The hole was done by Lever action using traditional bolting device, while the hole was done directly through bolting force bolting device with hook. By testing various indices and statistical analysis for 8 treatments, the results indicated that the bolting force could be reduced, the stability and bolting efficiency improved using the bolting device with hook, while the garlic yield was not decreased. The best bolting period were in early morning, morning and rainfall weather conditions. The garlic bolt length, the highest bolting rate and the garlic bolt yield could significantly improved under the rainfall condition especially, reaching 47.7 cm, 99.7%, and 5 222.22 kg/hm~2 respectively. In a comprehensive way, the best scheme for garlic bolting were in early morning, morning and rainfall conditions using hook bolting method. The conclusion could provide a reference for time and mechanization of bolting.
引文
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[4]王友升,蔡琦玮,谷祖臣,等.紫外照射处理对蒜薹品质与活性氧代谢影响的多变量解析[J].食品科学,2014,35(14):223-228.Wang Yousheng,Cai Qiwei,Gu Zuchen,et al.Multivariate statistical analysis of the effect of UV treatment on quality and reactive oxygenmetabolism of garlic sprouts[J].Food Science,2014,35(14):223-228.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[7]刘德然,王延耀,王循进,等.4S-6型大蒜收获机的研制开发[J].农机化研究,2010,32(4):96-98.Liu Deran,Wang Yanyao,Wang Xunjin,et al.Manufacture and exploiture of 4S-6 type garlic harveste[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2010,32(4):96-98.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]魏玉珍,邹栋林,刘勇兰,等.大蒜直立筛选方法探究及其装置设计[J].农机化研究,2017,39(5):122-125,134.Wei Yuzhen,Zou Donglin,Liu Yonglan,et al.Method inquisition and device design of garlic upright screening[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(5):122-125,134.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]武丰,王东伟,李瑞川,等.大蒜收获机的设计与试验研究[J].农机化研究,2017,39(12):89-93.Wu Feng,Wang Dongwei,Li Ruichuan,et al.Design and experimental study no garlic harvesting machine[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(12):89-93.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]申世龙,尚书旗,王东伟,等.大蒜打捆收获机设计与试验分析[J].农机化研究,2018,40(10):109-113.Shen Shilong,Shang Shuqi,Wang Dongwei,et al.Design and experimental analysis of garlic bundling harvester[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2018,40(10):109-113.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]栗晓宇,耿爱军,侯加林,等.全自动蒜种盒提取投放装置设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(23):32-37.Li Xiaoyu,Geng Aijun,Hou Jialin,et al.Design and experiment of full-automatic lifting and releasing device of garlic seed box[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(23):32-37.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]王丹阳,钱彬彬,胡旭,等.半自动大蒜栽植机关键部件的设计与试验研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2014,45(5):566-572.Wang Danyang,Qian Binbin,Hu Xu,et al.Key components design and experimental research of a semi-automatic garlic transplanter[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2014,45(5):566-572.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]谢学虎,张永,刘召,等.大蒜播种机种植机构的设计[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):34-39.Xie Xuehu,Zhang Yong,Liu Zhao,et al.Design of planting mechanism for garlic planter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(1):34-39.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]耿爱军,张兆磊,宋占华,等.蒜种盒机械投放过程运动学分析与参数优化试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(5):29-35.Geng Aijun,Zhang Zhaolei,Song Zhanhua,et al.Kinematic analysis and parameter optimized experiment of garlic box release process[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(5):29-35.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]Benjaphragairat J,Sakurai H,Ito N.Study of the mechanics of a 5 hp power tiller attached to a 10-row garlic planter[J].Agricultural Mechanization in Asia,2010,41(1):40-44.
[16]张华云,郭淑华,王善广,等.蒜薹薹茎的解剖特征[J].南开大学学报:自然科学版,2002,35(6):113-116.Zhang Huayun,Guo Shuhua,Wang Shanguang,et al.Observ at ions on dissect strcture charact is tics of garl ic scape[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis,2002,35(6):113-116.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]袁志华,陈翠娟,李华朴,等.蒜薹拉伸特性研究[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(10):2041-2043.
[18]苗锁成.钳式蒜薹提取器:201620087559.7[P].2016-06-29.
[19]中国农业大学.双圆盘蒜薹提取装置:201510598749.5[P].2015-12-16.
[20]西北农林科技大学.一种蒜薹自动采收机械装置:201310643811.9[P].2015-06-03.
[21]丁冬亮.一种基于单片机的蒜薹自动采收装置:201721125175.0[P].2018-04-06.
[22]刘少山.一种蒜薹抽拔收割机器人:201720699179.3[P].2018-01-30.
[23]王宪伦.针刺式蒜薹收获机:201711233547.6[P].2018-04-10.
[24]马园圆.一种蒜薹收取工具:201020542504.3[P].2011-04-27.
[25]王崇华,一种回钩式蒜薹提取装置:201720761415.X[P].2017-12-29.
[26]连文.蒜薹收割小技巧[J].农村实用技术,2002(10):59.
[27]王红章.蒜薹抽取方法介绍[J].中国蔬菜,1986(3):31-32.
[28]李继光.蒜薹收割有技巧[J].安徽农业,2002(6):12.
[29]白丁.蒜薹收获的适期与方法[J].现代农业,1993(5):14-15.
[30]司文修.蒜薹采收与保鲜技术[J].农业科技通讯,1994(5):36.
[2]张吉国.中国大蒜出口态势与发展研究[J].农业经济问题,2009,30(9):95-99.Zhang Jiguo.Study of export situation and development in China’s Garlic Exports[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2009,30(9):95-99.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]林悦香,尚书旗,杨然兵.大蒜生产机械的现状与发展[J].农机化研究,2012(3):242-245.Lin Yuexiang,Shang Shuqi,Yang Ranbing.Status and development of garlic production machinery[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2012(3):242-245.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]王友升,蔡琦玮,谷祖臣,等.紫外照射处理对蒜薹品质与活性氧代谢影响的多变量解析[J].食品科学,2014,35(14):223-228.Wang Yousheng,Cai Qiwei,Gu Zuchen,et al.Multivariate statistical analysis of the effect of UV treatment on quality and reactive oxygenmetabolism of garlic sprouts[J].Food Science,2014,35(14):223-228.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]朱新华,赵洲,郭文川.面向采摘机械手的蒜薹力学特性试验研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(7):98-104.Zhu Xinhua,Zhao Zhou,Guo Wenchuan.Experimental study on mechanical properties of garlic-stem for harvesting manipulator[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2016,21(7):98-104.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]彭宝良,吕小莲,王海鸥,等.半喂入自走式大蒜联合收获机[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(11):138-141,146.Peng Baoliang,LüXiaolian,Wang Haiou,et al.Half-feed and self-propelled garlic combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(11):138-141,146.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]刘德然,王延耀,王循进,等.4S-6型大蒜收获机的研制开发[J].农机化研究,2010,32(4):96-98.Liu Deran,Wang Yanyao,Wang Xunjin,et al.Manufacture and exploiture of 4S-6 type garlic harveste[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2010,32(4):96-98.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]魏玉珍,邹栋林,刘勇兰,等.大蒜直立筛选方法探究及其装置设计[J].农机化研究,2017,39(5):122-125,134.Wei Yuzhen,Zou Donglin,Liu Yonglan,et al.Method inquisition and device design of garlic upright screening[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(5):122-125,134.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]武丰,王东伟,李瑞川,等.大蒜收获机的设计与试验研究[J].农机化研究,2017,39(12):89-93.Wu Feng,Wang Dongwei,Li Ruichuan,et al.Design and experimental study no garlic harvesting machine[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(12):89-93.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]申世龙,尚书旗,王东伟,等.大蒜打捆收获机设计与试验分析[J].农机化研究,2018,40(10):109-113.Shen Shilong,Shang Shuqi,Wang Dongwei,et al.Design and experimental analysis of garlic bundling harvester[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2018,40(10):109-113.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]栗晓宇,耿爱军,侯加林,等.全自动蒜种盒提取投放装置设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(23):32-37.Li Xiaoyu,Geng Aijun,Hou Jialin,et al.Design and experiment of full-automatic lifting and releasing device of garlic seed box[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(23):32-37.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]王丹阳,钱彬彬,胡旭,等.半自动大蒜栽植机关键部件的设计与试验研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2014,45(5):566-572.Wang Danyang,Qian Binbin,Hu Xu,et al.Key components design and experimental research of a semi-automatic garlic transplanter[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2014,45(5):566-572.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]谢学虎,张永,刘召,等.大蒜播种机种植机构的设计[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):34-39.Xie Xuehu,Zhang Yong,Liu Zhao,et al.Design of planting mechanism for garlic planter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(1):34-39.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]耿爱军,张兆磊,宋占华,等.蒜种盒机械投放过程运动学分析与参数优化试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(5):29-35.Geng Aijun,Zhang Zhaolei,Song Zhanhua,et al.Kinematic analysis and parameter optimized experiment of garlic box release process[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(5):29-35.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]Benjaphragairat J,Sakurai H,Ito N.Study of the mechanics of a 5 hp power tiller attached to a 10-row garlic planter[J].Agricultural Mechanization in Asia,2010,41(1):40-44.
[16]张华云,郭淑华,王善广,等.蒜薹薹茎的解剖特征[J].南开大学学报:自然科学版,2002,35(6):113-116.Zhang Huayun,Guo Shuhua,Wang Shanguang,et al.Observ at ions on dissect strcture charact is tics of garl ic scape[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis,2002,35(6):113-116.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]袁志华,陈翠娟,李华朴,等.蒜薹拉伸特性研究[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(10):2041-2043.
[18]苗锁成.钳式蒜薹提取器:201620087559.7[P].2016-06-29.
[19]中国农业大学.双圆盘蒜薹提取装置:201510598749.5[P].2015-12-16.
[20]西北农林科技大学.一种蒜薹自动采收机械装置:201310643811.9[P].2015-06-03.
[21]丁冬亮.一种基于单片机的蒜薹自动采收装置:201721125175.0[P].2018-04-06.
[22]刘少山.一种蒜薹抽拔收割机器人:201720699179.3[P].2018-01-30.
[23]王宪伦.针刺式蒜薹收获机:201711233547.6[P].2018-04-10.
[24]马园圆.一种蒜薹收取工具:201020542504.3[P].2011-04-27.
[25]王崇华,一种回钩式蒜薹提取装置:201720761415.X[P].2017-12-29.
[26]连文.蒜薹收割小技巧[J].农村实用技术,2002(10):59.
[27]王红章.蒜薹抽取方法介绍[J].中国蔬菜,1986(3):31-32.
[28]李继光.蒜薹收割有技巧[J].安徽农业,2002(6):12.
[29]白丁.蒜薹收获的适期与方法[J].现代农业,1993(5):14-15.
[30]司文修.蒜薹采收与保鲜技术[J].农业科技通讯,1994(5):36.