塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组构造-岩相古地理特征
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摘要
为了查明塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组构造-沉积响应特征与演化规律,为该区深层油气勘探寻找新的接替区,以海相碳酸盐岩层序地层学和储层沉积学理论体系为指导,在岩心、薄片、测录井以及地震等资料的基础上,结合构造古地貌特征,明确下寒武统肖尔布拉克组主要发育局限-半蒸发台地、开阔台地、台地边缘与斜坡-盆地相,又可划分为多个亚相和微相,沉积相的分布具有典型的分带性和继承性。基于横跨盆地的二维地震测线精细解释,确定了塔里木盆地寒武系主要沉积相类型的地震相响应特征,识别出了6种地震相(Seismic Facies)类型,分别为台内(丘)滩(SF1)、台内洼地(SF2)、丘(滩)间海(SF3)、膏盐湖(SF4)、台地边缘(SF5)和斜坡-盆地(SF6),进而圈定了各相带的平面沉积相边界,揭示了各相带发育分布与古构造和古地貌的联系。根据肖尔布拉克组厚度分布,明确了盆地南部存在东西走向的古隆起区,东部和中部存在两个洼陷区;盆地西南部存在一级阶地,以宽缓的一级坡折向中部低洼区过渡;盆地中部存在窄陡的二级坡折,向东快速过渡为深洼区。再结合地震解释成果、野外露头、取心井观察和室内镜下岩石薄片鉴定等资料,编制下寒武统肖尔布拉克组岩相古地理图,为塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组深层碳酸盐岩油气勘探提供了有利证据。
The study aims to discover new prospective areas for deep oil and gas exploration based on the understanding of tectonic and sedimentary response characteristics and evolution patterns of the Xiaoerbulake Formationin,Tarim Basin.Under the guidance of marine carbonate rock sequence stratigraphy and reservoir sedimentology,it's made certain that the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation mainly develops restricted-semi-evaporitic platform,open platform,platform margin,slope-basin facies according to core,logging and seismic data and thin section observation,combined with the features of tectonic paleo-geomorphology. These sedimentary facies can in turn be subdivided into multiple subfacies and microfacies,and their distribution is characteristic of zonation and inheritance. The fine interpretation of the two-dimensional seismic lines across the basin helps to identify the features of seismic responses of the main Cambrian sedimentary facies in Tarim Basin,and recognize six types of seismic facies,namely the intra-platform microbial mound/shoal( SF1),intraplatform low( SF2),inter-mound/bank sea( SF3),gypsum-salt lake( SF4),platform margin( SF5) and slope-basin( SF6). Then the boundary of sedimentary facies for each facies zone was delineated and the relation of facies zones distribution with paleostructure and paleogeomorphology was revealed. According to the isopach map of the XiaoerbulakeFormation,it's made clear that there is an EW-trending paleo-uplift in the southern basin,and two depressions in the eastern and central basin. The First Terrace lies in the southwestern basin,which transits from the wide and gentle Level1 slope-break towards the central depression,while the narrow and steep Level 2 slope-break in the central basin rapidly transfers to a deep depression towards the east. In addition,the seismic interpretation results,analysis of outcrop,observation of cores as well as microscopic observation of thin sections were used to generate the lithofacies paleogeographic map of the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation,providing favorable evidences for the exploration of deep carbonate oil and gas in the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation of Tarim Basin.
The study aims to discover new prospective areas for deep oil and gas exploration based on the understanding of tectonic and sedimentary response characteristics and evolution patterns of the Xiaoerbulake Formationin,Tarim Basin.Under the guidance of marine carbonate rock sequence stratigraphy and reservoir sedimentology,it's made certain that the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation mainly develops restricted-semi-evaporitic platform,open platform,platform margin,slope-basin facies according to core,logging and seismic data and thin section observation,combined with the features of tectonic paleo-geomorphology. These sedimentary facies can in turn be subdivided into multiple subfacies and microfacies,and their distribution is characteristic of zonation and inheritance. The fine interpretation of the two-dimensional seismic lines across the basin helps to identify the features of seismic responses of the main Cambrian sedimentary facies in Tarim Basin,and recognize six types of seismic facies,namely the intra-platform microbial mound/shoal( SF1),intraplatform low( SF2),inter-mound/bank sea( SF3),gypsum-salt lake( SF4),platform margin( SF5) and slope-basin( SF6). Then the boundary of sedimentary facies for each facies zone was delineated and the relation of facies zones distribution with paleostructure and paleogeomorphology was revealed. According to the isopach map of the XiaoerbulakeFormation,it's made clear that there is an EW-trending paleo-uplift in the southern basin,and two depressions in the eastern and central basin. The First Terrace lies in the southwestern basin,which transits from the wide and gentle Level1 slope-break towards the central depression,while the narrow and steep Level 2 slope-break in the central basin rapidly transfers to a deep depression towards the east. In addition,the seismic interpretation results,analysis of outcrop,observation of cores as well as microscopic observation of thin sections were used to generate the lithofacies paleogeographic map of the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation,providing favorable evidences for the exploration of deep carbonate oil and gas in the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation of Tarim Basin.
引文
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[4]杜金虎,潘文庆.塔里木盆地寒武系盐下白云岩油气成藏条件与勘探方向[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):327-339.Du Jinhu,Pan Wenqing. Accumulation conditions and play targets of oil and gas in the Cambriansubsalt dolomite,Tarim Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):327-339.
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[6]赵文智,沈安江,胡安平,等.海相碳酸盐岩储集层发育主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(5):545-554.Zhao Wenzhi,Shen Anjiang,Hu Anping,et al. Major factorscontrolling the development of marine carbonate reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(5):545-554.
[7]金之钧,周雁,云金表,等.我国海相地层膏盐岩盖层分布与近期油气勘探方向[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):715-724.Jin Zhijun,Zhou Yan,Yun Jinbiao,et al. Distribution ofgypsum-salt cap rocks and near-term hydrocarbon exploration targetin the marine sequences of China[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(6):715-724.
[8]邬光辉,李浩武,徐彦龙,等.塔里木克拉通基底古隆起构造-热事件及其结构与演化[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):1-18.Wu Guanghui,Li Haowu,Xu Yanlong,et al. The tectonothermalevents,architecture and evolution of Tarim craton basementpalaeo-uplifts[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(8):1-18.
[9]黄智斌,吴绍祖,赵治信,等.塔里木盆地及周边综合地层区划[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(1):13-17.Huang Zhibin,Wu Shaozu,Zhao Zhixin,et al. The compositeregional stratigraphic classification in Tarim Basin and itscircumference[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2002,23(1):13-17.
[10] Mancini E A,Parcell W C,Ahr W M,et al. Upper Jurassic updipstratigraphic trap and associated Smackover microbial and nearshorecarbonate facies,Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain[J]. AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(4):417-442.
[11]何镜宇,孟祥化.沉积岩和沉积相模式及建造[M].北京:地质出版社,1987:281-282.He Jingyu,Meng Xianghua. Sedimentary rock and sedimentary facies and construction[M]. Beijing:Geological Press,1987:281-282.
[12]郑剑锋,沈安江,刘永福,等.塔里木盆地寒武系与蒸发岩相关的白云岩储层特征及主控因素[J].沉积学报,2013,31(1):89-98.Zheng Jianfeng,Shen Anjiang,Liu Yongfu,et al. Maincontrolling factors and characteristics of Cambrian dolomitereservoirs related to evaporite in Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(1):89-98.
[13]蔡习尧,李越,钱一雄,等.塔里木板块巴楚隆起区寒武系盐下勘探潜力分析[J].地层学杂志,2010,34(3):283-288.Cai Xiyao,Li Yue,Qian Yixiong,et al. Exploration potential ofthe salt-capped Cambrian strata in the Bachu high,Tarim block,NWChina[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy,2010,34(3):283-288.
[14]赵文智,沈安江,周进高,等.礁滩储集层类型、特征、成因及勘探意义:以塔里木和四川盆地为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):257-267.Zhao Wenzhi,Shen Anjiang,Zhou Jingao,et al. Types,characteristics,origin and exploration significance of reef-shoalreservoirs:A case study of Tarim Basin,NW China and SichuanBasin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):257-267.
[15]杨海军.塔里木盆地下古生界内幕白云岩勘探认识与勘探方向[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1213-1224.Yang Haijun. Exploration acknowledgement and explorationdirection research on Low Proterozoic inner dolostones,Tarimbasin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(7):1213-1224.
[16]宋金民,罗平,杨式升,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统微生物碳酸盐岩储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(4):404-413.Song Jinmin,Luo Ping,Yang Shisheng,et al. Reservoirs oflower Cambrian microbial carbonates,Tarim Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(4):404-413.
[17]刘存革,李国蓉,罗鹏,等.塔里木盆地北部寒武系大型进积型台地-斜坡地震层序、演化与控制因素[J].地质学报,2016,90(4):669-687.Liu Cunge,Li Guorong,Luo peng,et al. Seismic sequences,evolution and control factors of large Cambrian progradational platform-slope system in the Northern Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(4):669-687.
[18] Gao,Z. Q.,Fan,T. L. Intra-platform tectono-sedimentary response to geodynamic transitionalong the margin of the Tarim Basin,NW China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2014,96:178-193.
[19]熊益学,陈永权,关宝珠,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组北部台缘带展布及其油气勘探意义[J].沉积学报,2015,33(2):408-415.Xiong Yixue,Chrn Yongquan,Guan Baozhu,et al. Thedistribution of northern platform margin and implications toadvantaged exploration regions on Lower Cambrian XiaoerbulakeFormation,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(2):408-415.
[20]高志前.樊太亮,焦志峰,等.塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系碳酸盐岩台地样式及其沉积响应特征[J].沉积学报. 2006,24(1):19-27.Gao Zhiqian,Fan Tailiang,Jiao Zhifeng,et al. The structural types and depositional characteristics ofcarbonate platform in the CambrianOrdovician of Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(1):19-27.
[21]刘伟,张光亚,潘文庆,等.塔里木地区寒武纪岩相古地理及沉积演化[J].古地理学报,2011,13(5):529-538.Liu Wei,Zhang Guangya,Pan Wenqing,et al. Lithofaciespalaeogeography and sedimentary evolution of the Cambrian in Tarim area[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2011,13(5):529-538.
[22]赵宗举,罗家洪,张运波,等.塔里木盆地寒武纪层序岩相古地理[J].石油学报,2011,32(6):937-948.Zhao Zongju,Luo Jiahong,Zhang Yunbo,et al. Litholacies paleogeography of Cambrian sequences in the Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Petroleum Sinica,2011,32(6):937-948.
[23]宋金民,罗平,杨式升,等.塔里木盆地苏盖特布拉克地区下寒武统肖尔布拉克组碳酸盐岩微生物建造特征[J].古地理学报,2012,14(3):341-354.Song Jinmin,Luo Ping,Yang Shisheng,et al. Carbonate rockmicrobial construction of the Lower Cambrian XiaoerbulakeFormation in Sugaitblak area,Tarim Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(3):341-354.
[24] Gao Z Q,Fan T L. Carbonate platform-margin architecture and its influence on Cambrian-Ordovician reef-shoal development,Tarim Basin,NW China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2015,68:291-306.
[2]王招明,谢会文,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地中深1井寒武系盐下白云岩原生油气藏的发现与勘探意义[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(2):1-13.Wang Zhaoming,Xie Huiwen,Chen Yongquan,et al. Discoveryand exploration of Cambrian subsalt dolomite original hydrocarbonreservoir at Zhongshen-1 well in Tarim Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(2):1-13.
[3]陈永权,严威,韩长伟,等.塔里木盆地寒武纪-早奥陶世构造古地理与岩相古地理格局再厘定:基于地震证据的新认识[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(10):1831-1843.Chen Yongquan,Yan Wei,Han Changwei,et al. Redefinition onstructural paleogeography and lithofacies paleogeography frameworkfrom Cambrian to Early Ordovician in the Tarim Basin:A newapproach based on seismic stratigraphy evidence[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(10):1831-1843.
[4]杜金虎,潘文庆.塔里木盆地寒武系盐下白云岩油气成藏条件与勘探方向[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):327-339.Du Jinhu,Pan Wenqing. Accumulation conditions and play targets of oil and gas in the Cambriansubsalt dolomite,Tarim Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):327-339.
[5]沈安江,郑剑锋,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地中下寒武统白云岩储集层特征、成因及分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):340-349.Shen Anjiang,Zheng Jianfeng,Chen Yongqua,et al. Characteristics,origin and distribution of dolomite reservoirs in Lower-Middle Cambrian,Tarim Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):327-339.
[6]赵文智,沈安江,胡安平,等.海相碳酸盐岩储集层发育主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(5):545-554.Zhao Wenzhi,Shen Anjiang,Hu Anping,et al. Major factorscontrolling the development of marine carbonate reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(5):545-554.
[7]金之钧,周雁,云金表,等.我国海相地层膏盐岩盖层分布与近期油气勘探方向[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):715-724.Jin Zhijun,Zhou Yan,Yun Jinbiao,et al. Distribution ofgypsum-salt cap rocks and near-term hydrocarbon exploration targetin the marine sequences of China[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(6):715-724.
[8]邬光辉,李浩武,徐彦龙,等.塔里木克拉通基底古隆起构造-热事件及其结构与演化[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):1-18.Wu Guanghui,Li Haowu,Xu Yanlong,et al. The tectonothermalevents,architecture and evolution of Tarim craton basementpalaeo-uplifts[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(8):1-18.
[9]黄智斌,吴绍祖,赵治信,等.塔里木盆地及周边综合地层区划[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(1):13-17.Huang Zhibin,Wu Shaozu,Zhao Zhixin,et al. The compositeregional stratigraphic classification in Tarim Basin and itscircumference[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2002,23(1):13-17.
[10] Mancini E A,Parcell W C,Ahr W M,et al. Upper Jurassic updipstratigraphic trap and associated Smackover microbial and nearshorecarbonate facies,Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain[J]. AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(4):417-442.
[11]何镜宇,孟祥化.沉积岩和沉积相模式及建造[M].北京:地质出版社,1987:281-282.He Jingyu,Meng Xianghua. Sedimentary rock and sedimentary facies and construction[M]. Beijing:Geological Press,1987:281-282.
[12]郑剑锋,沈安江,刘永福,等.塔里木盆地寒武系与蒸发岩相关的白云岩储层特征及主控因素[J].沉积学报,2013,31(1):89-98.Zheng Jianfeng,Shen Anjiang,Liu Yongfu,et al. Maincontrolling factors and characteristics of Cambrian dolomitereservoirs related to evaporite in Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(1):89-98.
[13]蔡习尧,李越,钱一雄,等.塔里木板块巴楚隆起区寒武系盐下勘探潜力分析[J].地层学杂志,2010,34(3):283-288.Cai Xiyao,Li Yue,Qian Yixiong,et al. Exploration potential ofthe salt-capped Cambrian strata in the Bachu high,Tarim block,NWChina[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy,2010,34(3):283-288.
[14]赵文智,沈安江,周进高,等.礁滩储集层类型、特征、成因及勘探意义:以塔里木和四川盆地为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):257-267.Zhao Wenzhi,Shen Anjiang,Zhou Jingao,et al. Types,characteristics,origin and exploration significance of reef-shoalreservoirs:A case study of Tarim Basin,NW China and SichuanBasin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):257-267.
[15]杨海军.塔里木盆地下古生界内幕白云岩勘探认识与勘探方向[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1213-1224.Yang Haijun. Exploration acknowledgement and explorationdirection research on Low Proterozoic inner dolostones,Tarimbasin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(7):1213-1224.
[16]宋金民,罗平,杨式升,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统微生物碳酸盐岩储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(4):404-413.Song Jinmin,Luo Ping,Yang Shisheng,et al. Reservoirs oflower Cambrian microbial carbonates,Tarim Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(4):404-413.
[17]刘存革,李国蓉,罗鹏,等.塔里木盆地北部寒武系大型进积型台地-斜坡地震层序、演化与控制因素[J].地质学报,2016,90(4):669-687.Liu Cunge,Li Guorong,Luo peng,et al. Seismic sequences,evolution and control factors of large Cambrian progradational platform-slope system in the Northern Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(4):669-687.
[18] Gao,Z. Q.,Fan,T. L. Intra-platform tectono-sedimentary response to geodynamic transitionalong the margin of the Tarim Basin,NW China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2014,96:178-193.
[19]熊益学,陈永权,关宝珠,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组北部台缘带展布及其油气勘探意义[J].沉积学报,2015,33(2):408-415.Xiong Yixue,Chrn Yongquan,Guan Baozhu,et al. Thedistribution of northern platform margin and implications toadvantaged exploration regions on Lower Cambrian XiaoerbulakeFormation,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(2):408-415.
[20]高志前.樊太亮,焦志峰,等.塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系碳酸盐岩台地样式及其沉积响应特征[J].沉积学报. 2006,24(1):19-27.Gao Zhiqian,Fan Tailiang,Jiao Zhifeng,et al. The structural types and depositional characteristics ofcarbonate platform in the CambrianOrdovician of Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(1):19-27.
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[22]赵宗举,罗家洪,张运波,等.塔里木盆地寒武纪层序岩相古地理[J].石油学报,2011,32(6):937-948.Zhao Zongju,Luo Jiahong,Zhang Yunbo,et al. Litholacies paleogeography of Cambrian sequences in the Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Petroleum Sinica,2011,32(6):937-948.
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