利用异源六倍体(A~rA~rA~nA~nC~nC~n)与甘蓝种间杂交合成甘蓝型油菜的新方法
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摘要
利用亲本种的遗传变异是改良油菜的重要途径,本研究提出一种利用甘蓝拓宽甘蓝型油菜遗传多样性的新方法。以甘蓝型油菜(AnAnCnCn)品种中双11号为母本,与白菜型油菜(ArAr)品系SWU07杂交,经染色体加倍获得异源六倍体(ArArAnAnCnCn),再与甘蓝(CoCo)杂交,创建出具有亲本种遗传成分的新型甘蓝型油菜(ArAnCnCo)。该六倍体连续3个世代核型稳定,各世代中的自交和自由授粉结实率无显著差异,花粉育性在94.6%～98.8%之间,3个世代自交平均结实率为每角果5.47粒,自由授粉平均结实率为每角果7.93粒;各世代六倍体(ArArAnAnCnCn)与不同类型甘蓝杂交平均结实率分别为每角果0.05、0.04、0.05粒,世代间无显著差异,且六倍体与栽培、野生甘蓝杂交结实性无显著差异,可交配性不受六倍体世代及甘蓝类型的影响。尽管该六倍体与甘蓝可交配性较低,但仍可在田间条件下成功杂交,获得新型甘蓝型油菜(ArAnCnCo),表明以ArArAnAnCnCn六倍体为桥梁与甘蓝杂交,是一种有效导入甘蓝遗传成分、创建新型甘蓝型油菜的新方法。
It is an important way to improve Brassica napus(AnAnCnCn) try using its parental species. Here a hexaploid method was proposed to synthesize B. napus by crossing B. oleracea(CoCo) with the hexaploid derived from the interspecific hybridization between B. napus and B. rapa. The hexaploid(ArArAnAnCnCn) was developed by crossing B. napus cv. ‘Zhongshuang 11' with B. rapa cv. ‘SWU07', and followed by chromosome doubling. And the hexaploid was crossed with various types of B. oleracea to develop new type B. napus. The hexaploid exhibited stable karyotype in three successive generations. There was no significant difference for seed setting rate between open-pollination and selfing-pollination in generations. The pollen fertility ranged from 94.6% to 98.8%. The average seed-setting rate was 5.47 and 7.93 seeds per pod for the open-pollination and selfing-pollination in three successive generations, respectively. The average crossability was 0.05, 0.04, and 0.05 seeds per pod in three successive crossing generations between the hexaploid and B. oleracea, respectively. There was no significant difference in pod setting rate and seed setting rate among the hybrids between the hexaploid and the diverse types of B. oleracea. A few seeds were obtained by crossing B. oleracea with hexaploid ArArAnAnCnCn in the field, suggesting that the method of hexaploid is use-ful to introgress the genomic components of parental species into B. napus.
It is an important way to improve Brassica napus(AnAnCnCn) try using its parental species. Here a hexaploid method was proposed to synthesize B. napus by crossing B. oleracea(CoCo) with the hexaploid derived from the interspecific hybridization between B. napus and B. rapa. The hexaploid(ArArAnAnCnCn) was developed by crossing B. napus cv. ‘Zhongshuang 11' with B. rapa cv. ‘SWU07', and followed by chromosome doubling. And the hexaploid was crossed with various types of B. oleracea to develop new type B. napus. The hexaploid exhibited stable karyotype in three successive generations. There was no significant difference for seed setting rate between open-pollination and selfing-pollination in generations. The pollen fertility ranged from 94.6% to 98.8%. The average seed-setting rate was 5.47 and 7.93 seeds per pod for the open-pollination and selfing-pollination in three successive generations, respectively. The average crossability was 0.05, 0.04, and 0.05 seeds per pod in three successive crossing generations between the hexaploid and B. oleracea, respectively. There was no significant difference in pod setting rate and seed setting rate among the hybrids between the hexaploid and the diverse types of B. oleracea. A few seeds were obtained by crossing B. oleracea with hexaploid ArArAnAnCnCn in the field, suggesting that the method of hexaploid is use-ful to introgress the genomic components of parental species into B. napus.
引文
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[27]李辛雷,陈发棣,赵宏波.菊属植物远缘杂交亲和性研究.园艺学报,2008,35:257-262.Li X L,Chen F D,Zhao H B.Compatibility of interspecific cross in dendranthema genus.Acta Hortic Sin,2008,35:257-262(in Chinese with English abstract).
[28]吴江生,石淑稳,周永明,刘后利.甘蓝型双低油菜品种华双3号的选育和研究.华中农业大学学报,1999,18:1-4.Wu J S,Shi S W,Zhou Y M,Liu H L.Breeding and studies of hua double 3(Brassica napus L.).J Huazhong Agric Univ,1999,18:1-4(in Chinese with English abstract).
[29]Udall J A,Quijada P A,Polewicz H,Vogelzang R,Osborn T C.Phenotypic effects of introgressing chinese winter and resynthesized Brassica napus L.germplasm into hybrid spring canola.Crop Sci,2004,44:1990-1996.
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[2]Flannery M L,Mitchell F J,Coyne S,Kavanagh T A,Burke JI,Salamin N,Dowding P,Hodkinson T R.Plastid genome characterisation in Brassica and Brassicaceae using a new set of nine SSRs.Theor Appl Genet,2006,113:1221-1231.
[3]Nagaharu U.Genome analysis in Brassica with special reference to the experimental formation of B.napus and peculiar mode of fertilization.Jpn J Bot,1935:389-452.
[4]Siemens J.Interspecific hybridisation between wild relatives and Brassica napus to introduce new resistance into the oilseed rape gene pool.Czech J Genet Plant,2002,38:3-4.
[5]周庆红,周灿,范淑英.远缘杂交在芸薹属作物育种中的应用研究进展.北方园艺,2015,(2):165-170.Zhou Q H,Zhou C,Fan S Y.Research advance in application of distant hybridization on breeding of Brassica crops.Nor Hortic,2015,(2):165-170(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]Mei J,Fu Y,Qian L,Xu X,Li J,Qian W.Effectively widening the gene pool of oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)by using Chinese B.rapa in a‘virtual allopolyploid’approach.Plant Breed,2011,130:333-337.
[7]Qian W,Meng J,Li M,Frauen M,Sass O,Noack J,Jung C.Introgression of genomic components from Chinese Brassica rapa contributes to widening the genetic diversity in rapeseed(B.napus L.),with emphasis on the evolution of Chinese rapeseed.Theor Appl Genet,2006,113:49-54.
[8]Mei J,Qian L,Disi J O,Yang X,Li Q,Li J,Frauen M,Cai D,Qian W.Identification of resistant sources against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassica species with emphasis on B.oleracea.Euphytica,2011,177:393-399.
[9]Li Q F,Zhou Q H,Mei J Q,Zhang Y J,Li J N,Li Z Y,Ge X H,Xiong Z Y,Huang Y J,Qian W.Improvement of Brassica napus via interspecific hybridization between B.napus and B.oleracea.Mol Breed,2014,34:1955-1963.
[10]李勤菲,钱伟,贺亚军.甘蓝型油菜与甘蓝杂交的亲和性分析.西南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,38(10):1-7.Li Q F,Qian W,He Y J.Crossability between Brassica napus and B.oleracea.J Southwest Univ(Nat Sci Edn),2016,38(10):1-7(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]Girke A,Schierholt A,Becker H C.Extending the rapeseed gene pool with resynthesized Brassica napus:II.Heterosis.Theor Appl Genet,2012,124:1017-1026.
[12]Eickermann M,Ulber B,Vidal S.Resynthesized lines and cultivars of Brassica napus L.provide sources of resistance to the cabbage stem weevil(Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus(Mrsh.)).BEntomol Res,2011,101:287-294.
[13]Fu D H,Qian W,Zou J,Meng J L.Genetic dissection of intersubgenomic heterosis in Brassica napus carrying genomic components of B.rapa.Euphytica,2012,184:151-164.
[14]冯午,陈耀华.甘蓝与白菜种间杂交的双二倍体后代.园艺学报,1981,8:37-40.Feng W,Chen Y H.Artificial amphidiploids obtained in an interspecific cross.Acta Hortic Sin,1981,8:37-40(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]文雁成,鲁丽萍,张书芬,王建平,朱家成,何俊平,赵磊,曹金华.利用十字花科种间杂交创造甘蓝型油菜种质资源的研究.河南农业科学,2014,43:30-34.Wen Y C,Lu L P,Zhang S F,Wang J P,Zhu J C,He J P,Zhao L,Cao J H.Novel germplasm creation in Brassica napus by Cruciferous interspecific hybridization.J Henan Agric Sci,2014,43:30-34(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]王爱凡,康雷,李鹏飞,李再云.我国甘蓝型油菜远缘杂交和种质创新研究进展.中国油料作物学报,2016,38:691-698.Wang A F,Kang L,Li P F,Li Z Y.Review on new germplasm development in Brassica napus through wide hybridizations in China.Chin J Oil Crop Sci,2016,38:691-698(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]张晓伟,高睦枪,原玉香,耿建峰,文雁成,张书芬,栗根义.人工合成甘蓝型油菜研究.河南农业科学,2001,(2):7-10.Zhang X W,Gao M Q,Yuan Y X,Geng J F,Wen Y C,Zhang S F,Li G Y.Studies on artificially synthesized B.napus L.J Henan Agric Sci,2001,(2):7-10(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]Ripley V L,Beversdorf W D.Development of self-incompatible Brassica napus:(I)introgression of S-alleles from Brassica oleracea through interspecific hybridization.Plant Breed,2003,122:1-5.
[19]Li Q,Mei J,Zhang Y,Li J,Ge X,Li Z,Qian W.A large-scale introgression of genomic components of Brassica rapa into B.napus by the bridge of hexaploid derived from hybridization between B.napus and B.oleracea.Theor Appl Genet,2013,126:2073-2080.
[20]Zhou Y,Scarth R.Microspore culture of hybrids between Brassica napus and B.campestris.Acta Bot Sin,1995,37:848-855.
[21]Mei J,Liu Y,Wei D,Wittkop B,Ding Y,Li Q,Li J,Wan H,Li Z,Ge X,Frauen M,Snowdon R J,Qian W,Friedt W.Transfer of sclerotinia resistance from wild relative of Brassica oleracea into Brassica napus using a hexaploidy step.Theor Appl Genet,2015,128:639-644.
[22]姚行成,葛贤宏,李再云.甘蓝型油菜与Brassica maurorum的异源六倍体后代及BC2细胞学分析.中国油料作物学报,2012,34:16-20.Yao X Y,Ge X H,Li Z Y.Cytology of Brassica allohexaploids and BC2 progenies from B.napus and B.Maurorum.Chin J Oil Crop Sci,2012,34:16-20(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]Li Z,Liu H L,Luo P.Production and cytogeneric hybrids between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus.Theor Appl Genet,1995,91:131-136.
[24]Xiong Z,Pires J C.Karyotype and identification of all homoeologous chromosomes of allopolyploid Brassica napus and its diploid progenitors.Genetics,2011,187:37-49.
[25]吴巧娟,肖松华,刘剑光,狄佳春,许乃银,陈旭升,殷剑美.棉花远缘杂交育种研究进展及发展对策.棉花科学,2006,28:3-6.Wu Q S,Xiao S H,Liu J G,Di J C,Xu N Y,Chen X S,Yin JM.A preliminary study on the interspecific hybridization of B.campestris×B.oleracea through ovary culture.Cotton Sci,2006,28:3-6(in Chinese with English abstract).
[26]蔡得田,袁隆平,卢兴桂.二十一世纪水稻育种新战略:II.利用远缘杂交和多倍体双重优势进行超级稻育种.作物学报,2001,27:110-116.Cai D T,Yuan L P,Lu X G.A new strategy of rice breeding in the21st century:II.Searching a new path way of rice breeding by utilization of double het erosis of wide cross and poly ploidization.Acta Agron Sin,2001,27:110-116(in Chinese with English abstract).
[27]李辛雷,陈发棣,赵宏波.菊属植物远缘杂交亲和性研究.园艺学报,2008,35:257-262.Li X L,Chen F D,Zhao H B.Compatibility of interspecific cross in dendranthema genus.Acta Hortic Sin,2008,35:257-262(in Chinese with English abstract).
[28]吴江生,石淑稳,周永明,刘后利.甘蓝型双低油菜品种华双3号的选育和研究.华中农业大学学报,1999,18:1-4.Wu J S,Shi S W,Zhou Y M,Liu H L.Breeding and studies of hua double 3(Brassica napus L.).J Huazhong Agric Univ,1999,18:1-4(in Chinese with English abstract).
[29]Udall J A,Quijada P A,Polewicz H,Vogelzang R,Osborn T C.Phenotypic effects of introgressing chinese winter and resynthesized Brassica napus L.germplasm into hybrid spring canola.Crop Sci,2004,44:1990-1996.
[30]Gómezcampo C.Biology of Brassica Coenospecies.Elsevier,1999.
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