Walkaway VSP深度域叠前偏移成像
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摘要
本文从Helmholtz方程出发,推导了适用于Walkaway VSP波动方程叠前深度偏移的Fourier有限差分算子,并建立Walkaway VSP波动方程外推的流程。模型测试和实际资料处理结果表明,Walkaway VSP深度域叠前偏移成像方法既能适应速度场的剧烈变化,又可以保证对陡倾地层的成像效果,对复杂构造成像精确。
From Helmholtz wave equation,we derive in this paper the Fourier finite difference operator of prestack depth migration for walkaway VSP data and built a corresponding processing flow.Both numerical model tests and real data processing results show that the proposed prestack depth migration method for walkaway VSP data is suitable not only for strong lateral velocity variation,but also can accurately image complex steep-dip structures.
From Helmholtz wave equation,we derive in this paper the Fourier finite difference operator of prestack depth migration for walkaway VSP data and built a corresponding processing flow.Both numerical model tests and real data processing results show that the proposed prestack depth migration method for walkaway VSP data is suitable not only for strong lateral velocity variation,but also can accurately image complex steep-dip structures.
引文
[1]赵亚明.有关VSP技术方面的综合报道.石油地球物理勘探,1989,24(6):729-731.Zhao Yaming.Comprehensive report about VSP techonology.OGP,1989,24(6):729-731.
[2]王玉贵,王建民,王双喜等.Walkaway VSP资料采集与处理技术实践.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):40-43.Wang Yugui,Wang Jianmin,Wang Shuangxi et al.The technical practice for walkaway VSP data acquisition and processing.OGP,2010,45(S1):40-43.
[3]严又生,宜明理,魏新等.三维三分量VSP数据处理方法及效果.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):18-24.Yan Yousheng,Yi Mingli,Wei Xin et al.3D,3CVSP processing methods and effects.OGP,2005,40(1):18-24.
[4]王德志,刘天佑,肖都建.三维井地联合Walkaway VSP技术及其在泌阳凹陷的应用.地质科技情报,2007,26(2):95-99.Wang Dezhi,Liu Tianyou,Xiao Doujian.3D walkaway VSP technology and its application in the Biyang depression.Geological Science and Technology Information,2007,26(2):95-99.
[5]王保利,朱光明,高静怀.Walkaway VSP数据的联合相干成像.应用地球物理,2010,7(1):41-48.Wang Baoli,Zhu Guangming,Gao Jinghuai.Joint interferometric imaging of walkaway VSP data.Applied Geophysics,2010,7(1):41-48.
[6]吴世萍,黄录忠,胡天跃.Walkaway VSP多次波成像技术研究.石油物探,2011,50(2):115-123.Wu Shiping,Huang Luzhong,Hu Tianyue.Multiple reflection imaging by using walkaway VSP data.GPP,2011,50(2):115-123.
[7]林叶.VSP逆时偏移角道集域成像方法与应用[学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2014.Lin Ye.VSP RTM in Angle Domain and Its Application[D].China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing,2014.
[8]杨宇山,李媛媛,刘天佑.Walkaway井地联合地震资料Q值波形反演方法.石油天然气学报,2009,31(2):53-58.Yang Yushan,Li Yuanyuan,Liu Tianyou.Waveform inversion for Qestimation on walkaway VSP and surface seismic data.Journal of Oil and Gas,2009,31(2):53-58.
[9]孙祥娥,高军,凌云等.利用Walkaway VSP和全方位地面地震数据求取各向异性参数.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增1):172-175.Sun Xiang’e,Gao Jun,Ling Yun et al.Application of walkaway VSP and full-azimuth surface seismic data in estimating anisotropic parameter.OGP,2010,45(S1):172-175.
[10]侯爱源,耿伟峰,张文波.Walkaway VSP井旁各向异性速度模型反演方法.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):301-305.Hou Aiyuan,Geng Weifeng,Zhang Wenbo.Application of walkaway VSP and full-azimuth surface seismic data in inversion of walkaway VSP anisotropic velocity model near well.OGP,2016,51(2):301-305.
[11]孙赞东,李强,孙文博等.VSP各向异性矢量波场分离方法研究及其应用.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(增刊1):17-26.Sun Zandong,Li Qiang,Sun Wenbo et al.Method and application of VSP anisotropic vector wavefield decomposition.OGP,2011,46(S1):17-26.
[12]Willis M E,Lu R,Campman X et al.A novel application of time-reversed acoustics:Salt-dome flank imaging using walkaway VSP surveys.Geophysics,2006,71(2):A7-A11.
[13]Hornby B E,Yu J.Single-well imaging of a salt flank using walkaway VSP data.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2006,25:3492-3496.
[14]Soni A K,Staal X,Verschuur E.VSP imaging using all multiples:Full wavefield migration approach.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012,31:1-6.
[15]O’Brien J,Farmani B,Atkinson B.VSP imaging using free-surface multiples:A case study from the Gulf of Mexico.The Leading Edge,2013,32(10):1258-1266.
[16]Gotz J,Lüth S,Krawczyk C et al.Time-lapse offset and zero-offset VSP-data processing and imaging for monitoring CO2 injection.EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts,2013,15:13661.
[17]Roberts M A,Hornby B E.System and Method of 3D Salt Flank VSP Imaging with Transmitted Waves.US Patent 8659974,2014-2-25.
[18]Blias E.3D VSP imaging—Some general problems.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2015,34:5630-5634.
[2]王玉贵,王建民,王双喜等.Walkaway VSP资料采集与处理技术实践.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):40-43.Wang Yugui,Wang Jianmin,Wang Shuangxi et al.The technical practice for walkaway VSP data acquisition and processing.OGP,2010,45(S1):40-43.
[3]严又生,宜明理,魏新等.三维三分量VSP数据处理方法及效果.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):18-24.Yan Yousheng,Yi Mingli,Wei Xin et al.3D,3CVSP processing methods and effects.OGP,2005,40(1):18-24.
[4]王德志,刘天佑,肖都建.三维井地联合Walkaway VSP技术及其在泌阳凹陷的应用.地质科技情报,2007,26(2):95-99.Wang Dezhi,Liu Tianyou,Xiao Doujian.3D walkaway VSP technology and its application in the Biyang depression.Geological Science and Technology Information,2007,26(2):95-99.
[5]王保利,朱光明,高静怀.Walkaway VSP数据的联合相干成像.应用地球物理,2010,7(1):41-48.Wang Baoli,Zhu Guangming,Gao Jinghuai.Joint interferometric imaging of walkaway VSP data.Applied Geophysics,2010,7(1):41-48.
[6]吴世萍,黄录忠,胡天跃.Walkaway VSP多次波成像技术研究.石油物探,2011,50(2):115-123.Wu Shiping,Huang Luzhong,Hu Tianyue.Multiple reflection imaging by using walkaway VSP data.GPP,2011,50(2):115-123.
[7]林叶.VSP逆时偏移角道集域成像方法与应用[学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2014.Lin Ye.VSP RTM in Angle Domain and Its Application[D].China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing,2014.
[8]杨宇山,李媛媛,刘天佑.Walkaway井地联合地震资料Q值波形反演方法.石油天然气学报,2009,31(2):53-58.Yang Yushan,Li Yuanyuan,Liu Tianyou.Waveform inversion for Qestimation on walkaway VSP and surface seismic data.Journal of Oil and Gas,2009,31(2):53-58.
[9]孙祥娥,高军,凌云等.利用Walkaway VSP和全方位地面地震数据求取各向异性参数.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增1):172-175.Sun Xiang’e,Gao Jun,Ling Yun et al.Application of walkaway VSP and full-azimuth surface seismic data in estimating anisotropic parameter.OGP,2010,45(S1):172-175.
[10]侯爱源,耿伟峰,张文波.Walkaway VSP井旁各向异性速度模型反演方法.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):301-305.Hou Aiyuan,Geng Weifeng,Zhang Wenbo.Application of walkaway VSP and full-azimuth surface seismic data in inversion of walkaway VSP anisotropic velocity model near well.OGP,2016,51(2):301-305.
[11]孙赞东,李强,孙文博等.VSP各向异性矢量波场分离方法研究及其应用.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(增刊1):17-26.Sun Zandong,Li Qiang,Sun Wenbo et al.Method and application of VSP anisotropic vector wavefield decomposition.OGP,2011,46(S1):17-26.
[12]Willis M E,Lu R,Campman X et al.A novel application of time-reversed acoustics:Salt-dome flank imaging using walkaway VSP surveys.Geophysics,2006,71(2):A7-A11.
[13]Hornby B E,Yu J.Single-well imaging of a salt flank using walkaway VSP data.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2006,25:3492-3496.
[14]Soni A K,Staal X,Verschuur E.VSP imaging using all multiples:Full wavefield migration approach.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012,31:1-6.
[15]O’Brien J,Farmani B,Atkinson B.VSP imaging using free-surface multiples:A case study from the Gulf of Mexico.The Leading Edge,2013,32(10):1258-1266.
[16]Gotz J,Lüth S,Krawczyk C et al.Time-lapse offset and zero-offset VSP-data processing and imaging for monitoring CO2 injection.EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts,2013,15:13661.
[17]Roberts M A,Hornby B E.System and Method of 3D Salt Flank VSP Imaging with Transmitted Waves.US Patent 8659974,2014-2-25.
[18]Blias E.3D VSP imaging—Some general problems.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2015,34:5630-5634.