辽河油田Walkaway VSP资料采集及效果分析
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摘要
为解决地面三维地震资料分辨率低、常规VSP资料成像品质差且存在盲区,难以识别小断层、微幅构造及薄储层预测的问题,开展了Walkaway VSP技术攻关,对该技术选井原则、观测参数设计、观测系统优化等进行了分析,并对采集资料进行了对比。结果表明,观测井要控制全区,需要满足"直井、大井深、井况好、地表好"4个原则。接收井段为320~1900m时既可避免第四系吸收衰减,且资料成像范围最大。井源距为2500m、炮点距为25m时,覆盖次数最高且分布均匀,对多次波的压制效果较好。在此关键参数优化基础上设计了Walkaway VSP观测系统。资料对比显示,Walkaway VSP资料视分辨率明显提高、整体资料品质改善较大,且主频和带宽均有较大幅度拓宽。采用可控震源激发,大阵列检波器接收,有助于降低施工成本,缩短生产周期。
In order to solve those problems that existed in 3D seismic as low resolution,poor image quality and the blind areas in conventional VSP data,difficult to identify small faults,micro structures and thin reservoir,etc,the research on Walkaway VSP has been conducted,and analyzed the principle of well selection,the design of observation parameter,optimization of observation system,etc.,finally all the data were compared. Results showed that the observation well should be used to control the whole region,and it should meet the need of such conditions as straight,deep well,with good downhole and surface conditions. When the receiving section is between 320 m and 1900 m,it can avoid the adsorption attenuation in Quaternary,and obtain the maximum range of data imaging. When seismic source distance and shot point distance are2500 m and 25 m respectively,it has the highest frequency of coverage,with the even distribution,which has good effect to suppress the multiple waves. The Walkaway VSP observation system was designed on the basis of key parameters optimization. Comparison of data showed that the apparent resolution and overall data quality of Walkaway VSP were improved obviously,with the main frequency and bandwidth widened greatly. By using the vibrator excitation and large-array detector receiving signal,the operation cost can be lowered and production cycle shortened respectively.
In order to solve those problems that existed in 3D seismic as low resolution,poor image quality and the blind areas in conventional VSP data,difficult to identify small faults,micro structures and thin reservoir,etc,the research on Walkaway VSP has been conducted,and analyzed the principle of well selection,the design of observation parameter,optimization of observation system,etc.,finally all the data were compared. Results showed that the observation well should be used to control the whole region,and it should meet the need of such conditions as straight,deep well,with good downhole and surface conditions. When the receiving section is between 320 m and 1900 m,it can avoid the adsorption attenuation in Quaternary,and obtain the maximum range of data imaging. When seismic source distance and shot point distance are2500 m and 25 m respectively,it has the highest frequency of coverage,with the even distribution,which has good effect to suppress the multiple waves. The Walkaway VSP observation system was designed on the basis of key parameters optimization. Comparison of data showed that the apparent resolution and overall data quality of Walkaway VSP were improved obviously,with the main frequency and bandwidth widened greatly. By using the vibrator excitation and large-array detector receiving signal,the operation cost can be lowered and production cycle shortened respectively.
引文
[1]张巨星,蔡国刚.辽河油田岩性地层油气藏勘探理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007.
[2]谢占安,刑文军,赵会欣.高密度三维地震勘探采集技术在高尚堡油田的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,31(增1):33-38.
[3]撒利明,董世泰,李向阳.中国石油物探新技术研究及展望[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(6):1014-1025.
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[6]刘宏合.VSP测井在深层低渗砂岩油藏中的应用[J].断块油气田,2008,15(6):127-128.
[7]张树林,何家雄.中国近海油气地震技术现状及展望[J].断块油气田,2006,13(4):1-4.
[8]王健.VSP测井技术在锦州油田勘探开发中的应用[J].石油地质与工程,2010,24(2):47-49.
[9]严红勇,刘洋,于茜.利用VSP提高地面地震资料的分辨率[J].石油天然气学报,2010,32(3):65-68.
[10]郭向宇,凌云,高军,等.井地联合地震勘探技术研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(5):438-450.
[11]刘汉之.茨榆坨地区变质岩潜山成藏条件分析[J].特种油气藏,2010,17(1):20-23.
[12]陈沅忠,李彦鹏,金其虎,等.Walkaway VSP技术及其实际应用[J].石油科技论坛,2012,49(2):16-20.
[13]David H.Johnston.油藏地球物理方法与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.
[14]王玉贵,王建民,王双喜,等.Walkaway VSP资料采集与处理技术实践[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):40-43.
[15]王德志,刘天佑,肖都建.三维井地联合Walkaway VSP技术及其在泌阳坳陷中的应用[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(2):95-99.
[16]马红树.地震勘采集中震源联合应用技术[J].物探装备,2009,19(2):86-90.
[17]阎世信,曾忠.石油地球物理勘探技术的发展及需求[J].中国石油勘探,2002,7(2):36-42.
[18]李俊,张坤,周旭,等.塔中沙漠区可控震源宽线采集试验[J].非常规油气,2015,2(6):17-21.
[19]陈敬国,刘宏飞,刘璐,等.可控震源在复杂障碍区地震勘探中的应用及效果[J].非常规油气,2016,3(4):25-31.
[20]刘振武,撒利明,董世泰.加强地震技术应用提升勘探开发成效[J].石油科技论坛,2015,34(1):1-8.
[2]谢占安,刑文军,赵会欣.高密度三维地震勘探采集技术在高尚堡油田的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,31(增1):33-38.
[3]撒利明,董世泰,李向阳.中国石油物探新技术研究及展望[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(6):1014-1025.
[4]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨率地震勘探系统工程剖析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[5]段文燊,吴朝容.川西岩性气藏地震勘探关键技术研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(4):1-6.
[6]刘宏合.VSP测井在深层低渗砂岩油藏中的应用[J].断块油气田,2008,15(6):127-128.
[7]张树林,何家雄.中国近海油气地震技术现状及展望[J].断块油气田,2006,13(4):1-4.
[8]王健.VSP测井技术在锦州油田勘探开发中的应用[J].石油地质与工程,2010,24(2):47-49.
[9]严红勇,刘洋,于茜.利用VSP提高地面地震资料的分辨率[J].石油天然气学报,2010,32(3):65-68.
[10]郭向宇,凌云,高军,等.井地联合地震勘探技术研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(5):438-450.
[11]刘汉之.茨榆坨地区变质岩潜山成藏条件分析[J].特种油气藏,2010,17(1):20-23.
[12]陈沅忠,李彦鹏,金其虎,等.Walkaway VSP技术及其实际应用[J].石油科技论坛,2012,49(2):16-20.
[13]David H.Johnston.油藏地球物理方法与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.
[14]王玉贵,王建民,王双喜,等.Walkaway VSP资料采集与处理技术实践[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):40-43.
[15]王德志,刘天佑,肖都建.三维井地联合Walkaway VSP技术及其在泌阳坳陷中的应用[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(2):95-99.
[16]马红树.地震勘采集中震源联合应用技术[J].物探装备,2009,19(2):86-90.
[17]阎世信,曾忠.石油地球物理勘探技术的发展及需求[J].中国石油勘探,2002,7(2):36-42.
[18]李俊,张坤,周旭,等.塔中沙漠区可控震源宽线采集试验[J].非常规油气,2015,2(6):17-21.
[19]陈敬国,刘宏飞,刘璐,等.可控震源在复杂障碍区地震勘探中的应用及效果[J].非常规油气,2016,3(4):25-31.
[20]刘振武,撒利明,董世泰.加强地震技术应用提升勘探开发成效[J].石油科技论坛,2015,34(1):1-8.